CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This chapter presents the literature and studies, from books, journals, published and

unpublished thesis, reviewed by the researchers which were found to have similarities and

differences with the study being conducted at present. The researchers believed that related

literature and studies would provide comprehensive insights to complete the research.

Foreign Literature

Significance of Smart TV in Education

Smart TV is an emerging trend in technology and education. Smart Television is one of

the tools that is used in modern day classrooms.

According to Diana Walls, one of the struggles of educators these days is how to attract

the attention of their students when they are teaching. Students have short attention span and they

are not fans of listening to lectures. That is why educators are using few tools to encourage

students to participate in class and one of it is the Smart TV. With Smart TV’s, encouraging the

students to participate in class becomes an easy task for the teachers.

Smart TV allows download of interactive games, such as tactical games, word plays,

quizzes and math problems that promote class participation among students. The fun games

keeps classes active and lively.

Basically, Smart TV functions the way tablets are, only this device has larger scope. It is

perfect for teaching group of students in class. On the other hand, tablets are individually used so

the interaction is minimal.

Positive Effects of Smart TV

Smart TV’s are perfect for teaching group of students. Interaction between students are

high. This leads to better socialization. Teachers can give more group activities using this device

and students can group together to participate. (Walls, 2013)

Smart TV improves the student’s study habit. Students can use this appliance to present

what they have learned. They can use software to make presentations and projects. This makes

them more interested to the subject and leads to better retention of information. They can make

easy-to remember notes and a creative presentation of the information they have acquired. It

won’t be wrong say that application of technology has made a student’s life easy. (Andersen and

Becker, 2009)

Based on Freeman Dyson, 2008 he stated that technology is a teaching aid: Smart TV

offer an interactive audio-visual medium. PowerPoint presentations and animation software can

be used to present information in an interactive way. Owing to the audio-visual effects, this way

of teaching invites greater interest from students. The method is equally helpful for teachers.

Smart TV has revolutionized the field of education. The importance of it in schools

cannot be ignored. In fact, with the onset gadgets in education, it has become easier for teachers

to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it. The use of it has made the process of teaching

and learning enjoyable. (Muir-Herzig, 2008)

Using Smart TV is very convenient for teachers. They do not have to work on their visual

aids neither, download supplementary clips online. They can view these images or see these

websites by connecting via the internet. A school can build a cloud storage, which teachers can

access. Here they can share teaching aids for unified teaching strategy. (Walla, 2013)
 When students use laptops and other devices by the instructor’s advice they are

connected to course learning objectives. The classroom learning and engagement of the young

students can be impacted positively by the use of these digital devices. (Samson, 2010)

Negative Effects of Smart TV

Although the use of gadgets and services has many positive effects, they are short lived.

In long run has negative effect on the individuals. The digital activities make the youth strong on

technical skills but make them weak in real life practical skills. It takes the young mass away

from the reality helping them to be alive in their imaginary word. Due to the time of spent on the

devices the youth are refrained from some outdoor activities with friends and family. The more

they use technology or appliances, the more are crazy about it which may distract them from

study.

TV viewing numbs your kid’s mind as it prevents your children from exercising

initiative, being intellectually challenged, thinking analytically, and using his imagination.

(Kollins, 2000)

It would have been a lot better if the drawbacks or the negative impacts of the use of the

digital services would have been known before some years. As the use of the digital services has

negative impacts, students should minimize the use of the tool and should aware about its use.

(Walsh, 2012)

Foreign Studies

In the field of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), the term “Net

Generation” has been clearly defined by Prensky (2010) who states that Net Generation members

are “digital natives” since they spent their entire lives surrounded by and using computers, video
games, digital music players, video cams, cell phones, televisions, and all the other toys and tools

of the digital age which make them different from the baby boomer generation.

Those who are eager to learn more about the language learning needs and necessities of

the Net Generation, the edited book by Oxford and Oxford (2009), entitled Net Generation is a

must-read resource. The book describes empirical studies involving different innovative

technologies and state-of-the-art tools, offering pedagogical ideas, effective strategies, and useful

suggestions on how these technologies could be applied to enhance language teaching and

learning. Also, educational technology usage in practice teaching can make instruction to be

much more interesting and enjoyable. The changing images and use of special effects, among

others can reduce boredom on the part of learners. Furthermore, classroom interaction can be

interactive. Technology can promote student-student interaction, if pre-instructional incorporates

principles such as stimulus variation, feedback, reinforcement, learner’ participation and so on.

(Weiner, 2009)

Information is easily accessible: The internet is a huge information base. It can be used an

effective tool for acquiring knowledge. All a web user needs to do is to key in queries to search

engines. Users are presented with thousands of search results. There are several websites and

web directories that offer information on literally everything in the world. And all this is just a

few clicks away. Both teachers and students can benefit from this.

TV’s has eliminated space and time constraint: Online education and distance learning

have given a new dimension to education and higher learning. Even if students are

geographically far away from each other, they can be a part of one classroom. Though not

physically but virtually, they can. Many educational institutes offer online courses, which

eliminates time and space constraints in acquiring education. Universities offer online
educational programs wherein students can interact with their teachers over the internet, access

reference material from the University website and earn degrees online. (Trotter, 2008)

Local Literature

Smart TV also saves teaching time as they require short-time to present large

information. They can be used to reveal needs and stimulate students’ question. Thus learners’

interest can be aroused, maintained, and stimulated to promote their imaginative power. On the

whole, media ensure the application of classroom-oriented communication techniques. Therefore

learners should be assisted, encouraged and motivated not only to learn, but also to continue to

learn. (Demegilio, 2009)

Based on Demegilio, he only means that television is a factor to the learning of the

student, not only to learn but also to renew something to learn.

On the Journal of Athens Academy pp-66, 2009 refers that educational clips can make

student study more interesting and enjoyable. The changing images and use of special effects,

among others, can reduce boredom on the part of learners. Furthermore, classroom interaction

can be interactive.

Local Studies

According to Ryan T. Gertner in 2011, on his study about “The Effects of Multimedia

Technology on Learning” he concludes that multimedia gives light on some possible effects of it

to the learning of students. This means that television may affect the learning performance of the

student.
 Students use TV effectively as a compliment to school learning. (Macbeth,1996)

It realized that most of the definitions refer to a situation in which the teacher and the

learner are separated and instructional materials are conveyed through telecommunication

systems. It can also be elicited that the learner has the flexibility of adjusting herself/himself to

the schedule and physical location of classes. In this article, “distance education” is the

terminology chosen to be used. (Rosal, 2009)

The important distinctions between media as symbol systems and television as tools or

vehicles for sharing media will be used throughout this report. However, many, if not most, of

the research and evaluation studies that are cited in this report are not informed by this

distinction, an inconsistency that is frustrating, but inevitable. Even people who prepare

dictionaries are uncomfortable with the term “media”. (Salomon’s, 2009)

Bringing electronic media to the schools could capitalize on the strong motivation

qualities that these media have for children. Many children who are turned off by school are not

turned off by one or another of the electronic media; quite the opposite. An educational system

that capitalized on this motivation would have a chance of much greater success. Each medium

has its own profile of cognitive advantages and disadvantages, and each medium can be used to

enhance the impact of others. (Chaves, 2008)