COLLISION

Nicolas, Quebral, Tolosa, Salas

Group 3
Collision
• Collision is short duration interaction between two bodies or more
than two bodies simultaneously causing change in motion of bodies
involved due to internal forces acted between them during this.
Types of Collision
Types of Collision
• Elastic collision - kinetic energy is conserved.

• Inelastic Collision - kinetic energy is not conserved.

• Completely Inelastic - kinetic energy is not conserved, and the

colliding objects stick together after the collision.
DOES MOMENTUM CHANGE AFTER THE
COLLISION?
• The law states that when two objects collide in a closed system, the
total momentum of the two objects before the collision is the same
as the total momentum of the two objects after the collision.
• The momentum of each object may change, but the
total momentum must remain the same.
• Total momentum is conserved only if the collision can be considered
isolated from the influence of net external forces.
COLLISION
• In a collision, there is a collision force which endures for some
amount of time to cause an impulse. This impulse acts upon the
object to change its velocity and thus its momentum.
Types of Collision
• Elastic Collision
Kinetic energy is conserved
Momentum is conserved
 Conservation of Momentum
• If the initial conditions are known, the total momentum of the system can be
expressed as:
total momentum before collision = total momentum after collision
Pi = P f
Or

m1V1i + m2V2i = m1V1f + m2V2f

m1 is the mass of the object A m2 is the mass of the object B
V1i is the initial velocity of the object A V2i is the initial velocity of the object B and
V1f is the final velocity of the object A V2f is the final velocity of the object B.
Problem solving
• A red ball of mass 0.2 kg hits a blue ball of mass 0.25 kg, in an elastic
collision, and the red ball comes to a stop. The red ball has a velocity of 5
m/s, and the blue ball was at rest. What is the final velocity of the blue
ball?
Formula : m 1 V 1i + m 2 V 2i = m 1 V 1f + m 2 V 2f

(0.2 kg)(5 m/s) + (0.25 kg)(0 m/s) = (0.2 kg)(0) + (0.25 kg)(v 2f )
1.0 kg.m/s + 0 = 0 + (0.25 kg)( v 2f )
1.0 kg.m/s = (0.25 kg)(v 2f )
(1.0 kg.m/s) / (0.25 kg) = v 2f Mass1 = 0.2 kg
Mass2 = 0.25 kg
4 m/s = v 2f Velocity1i = 5m/s Velocity1f = 0m/s
Velocity2= 0m/s Velocity2f = ?
Problem solving
• m 1 V 1i + m 2 V 2i = m 1 V 1f + m 2 V 2f
Mass1 = 0.2 kg
Mass2 = 0.25 kg
Velocity1i = 5m/s Velocity1f = 0m/s
Velocity2= 0m/s Velocity2f = 4m/s

(0.2 kg)(5 m/s) + (0.25 kg)(0 m/s) = (0.2 kg)(0) + (0.25 kg)(4m/s)
1.0 kg.m/s + 0 = 0 + 1.0 kg.m/s

1.0 kg.m/s = 1.0 kg.m/s

Conservation of Kinetic Energy
• Recalling, KE = 1/2 mv2
• the final total KE of the two bodies is the same as the initial total KE
of the two bodies.

1/2 m1(v1i)2 + 1/2 m2(v2i)2 = 1/2 m1(v1f)2 + 1/2 m2 (v2f)2

 PROBLEM SOLVING
• A red ball of mass 0.2 kg hits a blue ball of mass 0.25 kg, in an elastic collision, and the red
ball comes to a stop. The red ball has a velocity of 5 m/s, and the blue ball was at rest. What
is the final velocity of the blue ball?
• Use the equation for conservation of kinetic energy

• 1/2 m 1 (v 1i ) 2 + 1/2 m 2 (v 2i ) 2 = 1/2 m 1 (v 1f ) 2 + 1/2 m 2 (v 2f ) 2

1/2 (0.2 kg)(5m/s) 2 + 1/2 (0.25kg)(0) 2 = 1/2 (0.2 kg)(0) 2 + 1/2 (0.25kg)(v 2f ) 2
1/2 (0.2 kg)(5m/s) 2 = 1/2 (0.25 kg)(v 2f ) 2
2.5kg · m 2 /s 2 = 0.125kg(v 2f ) 2
(2.5kg · m 2 /s 2 ) / (0.125kg)= (v 2f ) 2
20 m 2 /s 2 = (v 2f ) 2 Mass1 = 0.2 kg
v 2f = √20 m 2 /s 2 Mass2 = 0.25 kg
Velocity1i = 5m/s Velocity1f = 0m/s
v 2f = 4.5 m/s Velocity2= 0m/s Velocity2f = ?
Problem Solving
• 1/2 m 1 (v 1i ) 2 + 1/2 m 2 (v 2i ) 2 = 1/2 m 1 (v 1f ) 2 + 1/2 m 2 (v 2f ) 2
Mass1 = 0.2 kg
Mass2 = 0.25 kg
Velocity1i = 5m/s Velocity1f = 0m/s
Velocity2= 0m/s Velocity2f = 4.5m/s

1 / 2 ( 0 . 2 k g ) ( 5 m/s) 2 + 1 / 2 ( 0 . 2 5k g)( 0) 2 = 1 / 2 ( 0 . 2 k g ) ( 0 ) 2 + 1 / 2 ( 0 . 2 5k g) (4. 5m/s ) 2

2 . 5 k g · m 2 /s 2 + 0 = 0 + 2 . 5 k g · m 2 /s 2

2.5 joules = 2.5 joules

Types of Collision
• Inelastic Collision - kinetic energy is not conserved; Momentum is
conserved.
Inelastic Collision
Inelastic Collision
• Inelastic Collision Formula is articulated as: (Conservation of Momentum)
m1 v1i + m2 v2i = ( m1 + m2) vf
Or
Vf = (M1V1i + M2V2i)
Where,
mass of body 1 = M1 (M1 + M2)
mass of body 2 = M2
Initial velocity of body 1 = v1i
Initial velocity of body 2 = v2i
Final velocity of both the bodies = vf
 Inelastic Collision
• A 3000 kg truck travelling at 50 km/hr strikes a stationary 1000 kg car,
locking the two vehicles together.
A. What is the final velocity of the two vehicles?

To find the final velocity, remember momentum is conserved before and after the
collision.

mA vAi + mB vBi = ( mA + mB) vf

Inelastic Collision
Where, mA vAi + mB vBi = ( mA + mB) vf
MA = 3000kg (3000 kg)(50 km/hr) + (1000 kg)(0 km/hr) = (3000 kg + 1000 kg)vFinal
MB = 1000kg
vAi = 50km/hr 150,000 kg⋅km/hr + 0 kg⋅km/hr = (4000 kg)vFinal
vBi = 0km/hr 150,000 kg⋅km/hr = (4000 kg)vFinal
vFinal = 150,000 kg⋅km/hr/(4000 kg)

vFinal = 37.5 km/hr

Problem Solving
• mA vAi + mB vBi = ( mA + mB) vf
(3000 kg)(50 km/hr) + (1000 kg)(0 km/hr) = (3000 kg + 1000 kg)(37.5 km/hr)
150,000 kg⋅km/hr + 0 kg⋅km/hr = (4000 kg)(37.5 km/hr)

Where,
150,000 kg⋅km/hr = 150,000 kg⋅km/hr MA = 3000kg
MB = 1000kg
vAi = 50km/hr
vBi = 0km/h
Vfinal = 37.5km/hr
QUIZ
ELASTIC COLLISION (CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM AND KINETIC ENERGY)

• A 0.25kg ball strikes a 1.25kg ball at rest. After the collision the 0.25kg
ball is moving with a velocity of 18ms and the second ball is moving
with a velocity of 9ms. What is the initial velocity of the first ball?
Quiz: Inelastic Collision
• A young boy is sledding down a very slippery snow-covered
hill. He has a mass of 20.0 kg, and he is sliding down the hill
at a velocity of 5.00 m/s. The boy's older brother has a mass
of 30.0 kg, and is farther down the hill. He is moving slower
with a velocity of 2.00 m/s. The younger boy catches up to
his brother, and grabs hold of him and his sled. The two of
them continue down the hill as one unit. What is the
resulting velocity of the boys?
QUIZ – ELASTIC COLLISION (Conservation of
Momentum
• A 0.25kg ball strikes a 1.25kg ball at rest. After the collision the 0.25kg
ball is moving with a velocity of 18ms and the second ball is moving
with a velocity of 9ms. What is the initial velocity of the first ball?
Formula : mAVAi + mBVBi = mAVAf + mBVBf
Quiz – Elastic Collision (Conservation of
Kinetic Energy
• A 0.25kg ball strikes a 1.25kg ball at rest. After the collision the 0.25kg ball is moving
with a velocity of 18m/s and the second ball is moving with a velocity of 9m/s. What
is the initial velocity of the first ball?
1/2 m A (v Ai ) 2 + 1/2 m B (v Bi ) 2 = 1/2 m A (v Af ) 2 + 1/2 m B (v Bf ) 2

½ (0.25kg)(V a i ) ² + ½ (1.25kg)(0m/s) ² = ½ (1.25kg)(18m/s) ² + ½ (1.25kg)(9m/s) ²

(0.125kg)(V ai ) ² + (0m/s) ² = 202.55kg · m² /s² + 50.625kg · m² /s²
(0.125kg) (V a i ) ² = 253.125kg · m² /s²
( V 1 i ) ² = 253.125kg · m² /s² / (0.125kg)
V 1 i = √2025 m² /s²

V1i = 45m/s
Quiz: Inelastic Collision (MOMENTUM)

3.20 m/s