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Science
Q4 Hybrid Module 2: Conservation of
Momentum
Week 3

SDO Taguig City and Pateros

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This hybrid module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the hybrid module.

For the learner:

This hybrid module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be helped to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
The following are some reminders in using this hybrid module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
hybrid module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the hybrid module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this hybrid module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the subject Enhanced Science specifically Physics. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.

In this module, the law of conservation of momentum will be discussed

conceptually and mathematically. You will understand the applications of
conservation of momentum in real life situations. In this module, you will learn how
the total momentum of the system is conserved before and after the collision.
After going through this hybrid module, you are expected to:
Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects (S9FE-IVb-36)
Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal (9FE-IVb-37)

Specifically, you are expected to:

1. define impulse and momentum and relate momentum to impulse;
2. identify the factors affecting the momentum of an object and calculate the
momentum of an object;
3. state the law of conservation of momentum;
4. infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal; and
5. Distinguish elastic collision from inelastic collision and infer that kinetic
energy is conserved in an elastic collision.

Let’s Try

Multiple Choices
Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully. Write the chosen letter in
your science notebook.
1. Impulse is equal to ______.
a. momentum
b. change in momentum
c. force multiplied by the distance it acts
d. velocity multiplied by time
2. Which of the following has the smallest momentum?
a. A cart of mass 20 kg moving at 0.5 m/s.

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 b. A ball of mass 150 grams moving at 20 m/s.
c. A toy car of mass 1.5 kg moving at 1 m/s.
d. A bullet of mass 10 grams moving at 350 m/s.
3. What is the momentum of a 45 kg girl running at 4 m/s?
a. 11.25 kg m/s c. 49 kg m/s
b. 41 kg m/s d. 180 kg m/s
4. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the total momentum of a
system to be conserved?
a. Kinetic energy must not change.
b. The system must be at rest.
c. No net external force acts on the system.
d. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.
5. A gun recoiling when it is fired is an example of _______.
a. conservation of momentum
b. conservation of angular momentum
c. conservation of energy
d. none of the above
6. Which of the following describes the law of conservation of momentum?
a. The product of mass of an object and its velocity.
b. The product of the force acting on an object and the time during which it
acts.
c. The total momentum of the system before collision is not equal to the
total momentum of the system after collision.
d. The total momentum of the system before collision is equal to the total
momentum of the system after collision.
7. Momentum is conserved in _______.
a. an elastic collision of two balls
b. an inelastic collision of two balls
c. the absence of an external force
d. all of the above
8. What never changes when two or more bodies collide?
a. the momentum of each body
b. the kinetic energy of each body
c. the total momentum of the system
d. the total kinetic energy of the system
9. Two objects move separately after colliding, and both the total momentum
and total kinetic energy remain constant. What is the type of collision?
a. elastic c. inelastic
b. nearly elastic d. perfectly inelastic
10. Two objects stick together and move with a common velocity after colliding.
The collision is _______.
a. elastic c. inelastic
b. nearly elastic d. perfectly inelastic
11. Complete the following statement: Different types of collisions between
interacting bodies are categorized on the basis of ________.
a. conservation of kinetic energy
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 b. conservation of mechanical energy
c. conservation of linear momentum
d. the magnitude of the forces involved
12. Which of the following is an example of elastic collision?
a. When two cars crash into each other.
b. When two girls get mad and throw a piece of clay at the wall to which the
clay sticks.
c. When two atoms collide, and they explode.
d. When two billiard balls collide without generation of heat and sound.
13. In the absence of external forces, momentum is conserved in ______.
a. an elastic collision only
b. an inelastic collision only
c. both elastic and inelastic collision
d. cannot be determined
14. If two bowling balls were to collide head on, and bounce off one another, the
collision would be considered a(n) ___________ collision.
a. elastic c. angular
b. explosive d. inelastic
15. Most collisions in everyday world are ________.
a. elastic collision c. perfectly elastic collision
b. inelastic collision d. perfectly inelastic collision

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/mvaaa2uwaXkcStUr9
You will see the score after completing the test.
Write your score on the given circle.

Lesson Conservation of Momentum

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Have a great day! Before you start your module journey, don’t forget to offer a
simple prayer to our Almighty God so that you will be guided and equipped with all
the knowledge and wisdom that you need in your module journey.
The law of conservation of momentum is very helpful in studying the motion
of colliding objects. Collisions can take place in various ways and we can see how
the momentum conservation principles apply in several such cases. The law of

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conservation of momentum is an important consequence of Newton’s third law of
motion.

In order to refresh your mind of your previous lesson, LET’S RECALL some
of that lesson.

Let’s Recall

To freshen up your mind, let’s recall the concepts that you know by giving the
definition of the following terms.

TABLE 1
Terms What I Know?

1. mass

2. velocity

3. force

4. collision

Let’s Explore

Now that you’ve already recalled some of the lessons, I know that you are now
ready to explore and learn new concepts. So, let’s start.

IMPULSE and MOMENTUM

Momentum (p) is defined as the inertia in motion or the product of the mass
of an object and its velocity. Momentum depends upon the variables mass and
velocity. Momentum is a vector quantity.
In equation:
p = mv
where: p is momentum
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 m is mass
v is velocity
The unit for momentum is kg m/s

Sample Problem
What is the momentum of a 2-kg bowling ball rolling at 2m/s?
Solution: Given: m = 2 kg
v = 2 m/s
Unknown: p = _____
Equation: p = mv
Substitution: p = (2 kg)(2 m/s)
Final Answer: p = 4 kg m/s

Momentum Change
Change in momentum may occur when there is either a change in the mass
of the object, a change in velocity, or both. If the momentum changes while the mass
remains unchanged, then the velocity also changes.

What produces the change in velocity?

• The force. The greater the force that acts on an object, the greater will
be the change in velocity and the greater change in momentum.
Impulse changes momentum in the same way that the force changes
velocity.

Impulse is the product of the force and the time interval over which the force acts.
In equation:
I = Ft
where: I is impulse
F is force
t is time
The unit of impulse is N•s

Sample Problem

A force of 400 N acts on an object for 3 seconds. What is its impulse?

Solution: Given: F = 400 N

t=3s
Unknown: I = _____
Equation: I = Ft
Substitution: I = (400 N)(3 s)
Final Answer: I = 1,200 N•s

ACTIVITY: Complete Me
Direction: Given the following data, solve for momentum using the formula p = mv.

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TABLE 2
Object Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg m/s)

Bird 0.03 18

Basketball player 100 5

Bullet 0.004 600

Baseball 0.14 3

Frog 0.9 12
To explain the law of conservation of momentum, study the next part of this
module.

Let’s Elaborate

You are nearly half of your journey in this module. I hope that you are fine,
doing great, and eager to accomplish all the activities intended for you in this module.
Conservation of Momentum
A collision is an encounter between two objects resulting in exchange of
impulse and momentum. Because the time of impact is usually small, the impulse
provided by external forces like friction during this time is negligible. If we take the
colliding bodies as one system, the momentum of the system is therefore
approximately conserved.

A B
Figure 1: Examples of collision. (A) collision of two cars and (B) collision of two balls.

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 A system is a group of objects that interact and affect each other. Examples
of systems are (a) bowling ball and pin; and (b) two football players.

Figure 2: Examples of system

Let’s take the situation in the figure below as an example. Two children on
skateboards are initially at rest. They push each other so eventually, the boy moves
to the right while the girl moves to the opposite, away from each other. Newton’s third
law of motion tells us that the force the girl exerts on the boy and the force that
makes the girl move to the other direction are of equal magnitude but of opposite
directions.

A B
Figure 3: (A) Skater at rest and (B) Skater after pushing off.

Conservation of Momentum

In an isolated system, the total momentum of the system before the collision
is equal to the total momentum of the system after collision.

total momentum before collision = total momentum after collision

In equation:

m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

where: m1= mass of first object

v1 = velocity of the first object before collision

v1’ = velocity of the first object after collision

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 m2 = mass of the second object

v2 = velocity of the second object before collision

v2’ = velocity of the second object after collision

Sample Problem1

Two ice skaters stand together. They “push off” and travel directly away from
each other, the boy with a velocity of 1.5 m/s. If the boy has a mass of 75 kg
and the girl has a mass of 50 kg, what is the girl’s velocity after the push off?
(Consider the ice to be frictionless)

Solution: Since the boy and girl stand together before the push off, their
velocity before pushing off is zero and the total momentum of the system
before push off is zero.
Given: mB = 75 kg mG = 50 kg
vB = 0 m/s vG = 0 m/s
vB’ = 1.5 m/s
Unknown: vG’ = _____
Equation: mBvB + mGvG = mBvB’ + mGvG’
Substitution: (75 kg)(0 m/s) + (50 kg)(0 m/s) = (75 kg)(1.5 m/s) +(50kg)v G’
0 + 0 = 112.5 kg m/s + (50 kg)vG’
Final Answer: vG’ = -2.25 m/s

• The velocity of the girl after pushing off is 2.25 m/s to the left.

Sample Problem 2

Find the recoil velocity of a gun having a mass of 2 kg if a bullet of 10 grams

acquires a velocity of 400 m/s after firing from the gun.

Solution: Before firing the gun, both the gun and the bullet are at rest, so the
total momentum of the system is zero.
Given: mg = 2 kg mb = 10 g = 0.01 kg
vg = 0 m/s vb = 0 m/s
vb’ = 400 m/s
Unknown: vg’ = _____
Equation: mgvg + mbvb = mgvg’ + mbvb’
Substitution:(2 kg)(0 m/s) + (0.01 kg)(0 m/s) = (2 kg)(vg’) +(0.01 kg)(400 m/s)
0 + 0 = (2 kg)(vg’) + kg m/s
Final Answer: vg’ = -2 m/s

• The recoil velocity of the gun is 2 m/s to the left.

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 Let’s Dig In

Good day! How are you today? I hope that you are fine and doing great. I know
that you’ve already learned new concept from the previous part of the module. So, in
order to help you understand the lesson well, here are more concepts and sample
problems.

Categories of Collision
Collisions are categorized according to whether the total kinetic energy of the
system changes. Kinetic energy may be lost during collisions when (1) it is converted
to heat or other forms like binding energy, sound, and light (if there is spark), etc.;
and (2) it is spent in producing deformation or damage, such as when two cars
collide.

The two categories of collisions are:

1. Elastic collision – one in which the total kinetic energy of the system does
not change, and colliding objects bounce off after collision.

Before Collision Collision After Collision

Figure 4: Elastic Collisions. (a) moving objects collide with stationary objects
(b) two moving objects collide head on (c) two moving objects in the same
direction

Equation for Elastic Collision

m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

where: m1= mass of first object

v1 = velocity of the first object before collision

v1’ = velocity of the first object after collision

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 m2 = mass of the second object

v2 = velocity of the second object before collision

v2’ = velocity of the second object after collision

2. Inelastic collision – one in which the total kinetic energy of the system
changes (i.e., converted to some other forms of energy). The total kinetic energy
of the system before collision is greater than the total kinetic energy of the
system after collision.
Objects that stick together after a collision are said to be perfectly inelastic
collisions.

Equation for Perfectly Inelastic Collision

m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v’

where: m1= mass of first object

v1 = velocity of the first object before collision

m2 = mass of the second object

v2 = velocity of the second object before collision

v’ = velocity of the combined object after collision

Sample Problem 1

A 2 kg body moving with a velocity of 8 m/s collides with a 0.5 kg body at

rest. If the collision is a perfectly inelastic collision, find the velocity of the new
body after collision.

Solution: Given: m1 = 2 kg m2 = 0.5 kg

v1 = 8 m/s v2 = 0
Unknown: v’ = _____
Equation: m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v’
Substitution: (2 kg)(8 m/s) + (0.5 kg)(0) = (2 kg + 0.5 kg)v’
16 kg-m/s + 0 = (2.5 kg)v’
Final Answer: v’ = 6.4 m/s

Sample Problem 2

A 0.6 kg red ball moving with a velocity of 8 m/s along a horizontal floor hit a
green ball with a mass of 0.6 kg and moving at -10 m/s. If the red ball bounces
back with a velocity of -10 m/s, what is the velocity of the green ball after
collision?

Solution: Given: m1 = 0.6 kg m2 = 0.6 kg

v1 = 8 m/s v2 = -10 m/s
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 v1’ = -10 m/s
Unknown: v2’ = _____
Equation: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’
Sub: (0.6 kg)(8 m/s) + (0.6 kg)(-10 m/s) = (0.6 kg)(-10 m/s) +(0.6 kg)v2’
4.8 kg m/s + -6 kg m/s = -6 kg m/s + (0.6 kg)v2’
Final Answer: v2’ = 8 m/s

Please watch and learn this topic online!

Click the given link below on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8DnNqBhUfQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZU6rJQTz7FI

Let’s Remember

You are now nearly done in this module. This is now the generalization part.
Enjoy answering the questions and solving the problem. Write your answer in your
Science notebook.

A. TRUE or FALSE

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
incorrect.
1. In the conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the system before the
collision is equal to the total momentum of the system after the collision.
2. In a perfectly elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved.
3. Elastic collision is characterized by deformation or the generation of heat.
4. When the net external force acting on the system is zero, the total momentum of
the system remains the same.
5. In an inelastic collision, the kinetic energy of the system before the collision is
greater than the kinetic energy of the system after collision.

B. Problem Solving

Directions: Solve the following problems. Show the complete solution by completing
the table below.

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 1. A 0.5 kg object moving at 3 m/s to the left collides with a 0.25 kg object moving
at 1.2 m/s to the right. If the two stick together after collision, what is the
velocity of the new object after collision?

Solution
Given

Unknown

Equation

Substitution

Final Answer

2. Object A with a mass of 3 kg and a velocity of 20 m/s collide head – on with

object B having a mass of 3 kg and a velocity of -30 m/s. If the collision is
perfectly elastic and the first object bounces back with a velocity of -30 m/s,
what will be the velocity of the second object after collision?
Solution
Given

Unknown

Equation

Substitution

Final Answer

Let’s Apply

This part of the module is where you can apply what you have learned. I know
that you have the confidence to do it.

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Activity: Fill Me
Direction: Complete the table below.
1. A baseball player holds a bat loosely and bunts a ball. Express your
understanding of conservation of momentum by filling in the tables below.

TABLE

Before Collision After Collision

Bat 80 kg m/s a. _______

Ball -40 kg m/s 10 kg m/s

Total b. _______ c. ________

2. A cruise missile is launched from the barrel of a mobile missile launcher.

Neglect friction. Express your understanding of conservation of momentum by
filling in the tables below.

TABLE

Before Collision After Collision

Missile 0 5,000 kg m/s

Missile Launcher 0 a. _______

Total b. _______ c. _______

Let’s Evaluate

Congratulations! You are almost at the end of your module journey. I hope
that you’re doing well.
Now, let’s assess your learning. Please answer the evaluation part honestly.
God Bless.

Multiple Choices
Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully. Write the chosen letter in
your science notebook.

1. The change in momentum of an object is 550 kg m/s. What is its impulse?

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 a. 125 N•s c. 550 N•s
b. 225 N•s d. 1100 N•s
2. Which of the following has the largest momentum?
a. A cart of mass 20 kg moving at 0.5 m/s.
b. A ball of mass 150 grams moving at 20 m/s.
c. A toy car of mass 1.5 kg moving at 1 m/s.
d. A bullet of mass 10 grams moving at 350 m/s.
3. What is the momentum of a 50 kg person running at 5 m/s?
a. 5 kg m/s c. 55 kg m/s
b. 10 kg m/s d. 250 kg m/s
4. When you say momentum is conserved, you mean _______.
a. momentum can be stored
b. when there is no external force, the total momentum of the system
remains the same before and after the collision
c. when an impulse act on an object, the momentum will change
d. when two objects collide, the mass and velocity of each object will not
change
5. If two objects collide and stick together, what will happen to their velocities?
a. it will increase c. it will decrease
b. it will stay the same d. none of the choices
6. The total momentum of two identical balls moving at same speed could be
zero only if they are ________.
a. moving at away at 900 angle
b. moving in the same direction
c. moving in different directions
d. moving in opposite direction
For numbers 7 and 8: Two 0.5 kg balls approach each other with the same
speed of 1 m/s.
7. What is the total momentum of the system before collision?
a. 0 c. 1 kg-m/s
b. 0.5 kg-m/s d. -1 kg-m/s
8. If there is no external force acting on the system, what is the total
momentum of the system after collision?
a. 0 c. 1 kg-m/s
b. 0.5 kg-m/s d. -1 kg-m/s
9. Inelastic collision is a collision in which the total kinetic energy of the
system after the collision is ________.
a. zero
b. less than the kinetic energy of the system before the collision
c. greater than the kinetic energy of the system before the collision
d. equal to the kinetic energy of the system before the collision
10. In an inelastic collision between two objects with unequal masses,
a. the total momentum of the system will increase.
b. the total momentum of the system will decrease.
c. the kinetic energy of one object will increase by the amount that the
kinetic energy of the other object decreases.
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 d. the momentum of one object will increase by the amount that the
momentum of the other object decreases.
11. A billiard ball collides with a stationary identical billiard ball in an elastic
head-on collision. After the collision, which of the following is true of the first
ball?
a. It maintains its initial velocity.
b. It comes to rest.
c. It has one-half its initial velocity.
d. It moves in the opposite direction.
12. Which of the following is an example of inelastic collision?
a. When two cars crash into each other.
b. When two girls get mad and throw a piece of clay at the wall to which the
clay sticks.
c. When two atoms collide, and they explode.
d. All of the choices
13. If a ball is travelling east at a momentum of 25 kg m/s and hits another ball
going west at a momentum of 15 kg m/s, what will be the total momentum
of both balls after collision?
a. 10 kg m/s c. 25 kg m/s
b. 15 kg m/s d. 40 kg m/s
14. A 1 kg object moving to the right at 2 m/s collides inelastically with
1 kg object moving to the left at 2 m/s. What is the final velocity of both
balls after collision?
a. 0 m/s c. 2 m/s
b. 1 m/s d. 4 m/s
15. Two cars collide, lock bumpers, and move together after the collision. What
type of collision is this?
a. elastic collision c. perfectly elastic collision
b. inelastic collision d. perfectly inelastic collision

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/BmVUfLv19npoC921A
You will see the score after completing the test.
Write your score on the given circle.

Let’s Extend

Congratulations, you are now on the last part of this module. I hope you’ve
learned the concepts that you can apply in real life situations. Here are the last two
problems that will assess what you’ve learned in this module.
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Additional Activity
Directions: Solve the following problems. Show the complete solution. Write your
answer in your Science notebook.
1. Suppose that in a collision, two objects do not bounce but stick together after
collision. The mass of A is 0.5 kg and moving at 2 m/s while B has a mass of
0.3 kg and moving at-2 m/s. Find the velocity of the new body after collision.
2. Two identical objects, with a mass of 5 kg each, approach each other. The first
object has a velocity of 4 m/s and the other with a velocity of -6 m/s. They
collide head-on. If the collision is perfectly elastic and the first object bounces
back at a velocity of -6 m/s, find the velocity of the second object after
collision.

References
Printed Materials:

DepEd. Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module. (2014). Philippines: FEP Printing

Corporation pp 256 - 270
Young, H. D. and Freedman R. A. (2012). Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics
with Modern Physics 13th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. pp. 241 - 258

Jones, E. And Childers, R. (2001). Contemporary College Physics Third Edition,

McGraw-Hill Higher Education. pp. 211-218

Electronic Sources:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/momentum/Lesson-2/Momentum-
Conservation-Principle
https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-car-crash-cartoon-illustration-showing-
two-cars-head-collision-image37859820
https://www.netclipart.com/isee/hiwbhR_floor-clipart-bowling-alley-transparent-
background-bowling-ball/
https://sites.google.com/site/thephysicsoffootball/tackling-collisions
https://www.arborsci.com/products/colliding-steel-spheres
https://mammothmemory.net/physics/newtons-laws-of-motion/newtons-third-
law--examples/newtons-third-law-examples.html
https://www.pathwayz.org/Tree/Plain/CONSERVATION+OF+MOMENTUM+-+1D

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Grezilda G. Benitez – SRCCMSTHS, Teacher I
Editor:
Content Evaluator: Mary Ann T. Ares – SVNHS, Master Teacher I
Language Evaluator: Jessica Anne V. Martizano – SRCCMSTHS, Teacher I
Reviewers: Avelyn R. Argente – MT1 (BNHS)
Merlin R. Favila – T-III (PNHS)
HYBRID MODULE TEAM:
DR. MELEDA POLITA – SDS (Ret.)
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO-EPS - Science
DR DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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