12

GENERAL PHYSICS 2
QUARTER 3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

 GENERAL PHYSICS 2
Name: _______________________________________Grade Level: _________
Date: ________________________________________Score:______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ELECTRIC CHARGE
Background Information for the Learners (BIL)
The Origin of Electricity
The electrical nature of matter is inherent in atomic structure. An atom
consists of a small relatively massive nucleus that contains particles called protons
and neutrons. A proton has a mass of 1.673 x 10 -27 kg, and a neutron has a slightly
greater mass of 1.675 x 10-27 kg. Surrounding the nucleus is a diffuse cloud of
orbiting particles called electrons. An electron has a mass of 9.11 x 10 -31 kg. Like
mass, electric charge is an intrinsic property of protons and electrons, and only
two types of charge have been discovered, positive and negative. A proton has a
positive charge, and an electron has a negative charge. A neutron has no net
charge.
Experiment reveals that the magnitude of the charge on the proton exactly equals
the magnitude of the charge of the electron; the proton carries a charge + e, and
the electron carries a charge of – e. The SI unit for measuring the magnitude of an
electric charge is the coulomb (C), and has been determined experimentally to
have a value e = 1.60 x 10-19 C.
The symbol e represents only the magnitude of the charge on a proton or an
electron and does not include the algebraic sign that indicates whether the charge is
positive or negative. In nature, atoms are normally found with equal numbers of
protons and electrons. Usually, then, an atom carries no net charge because the
algebraic sum of the positive charge of the nucleus and the negative charge of the
electrons is zero. When an atom, or any object, carries no net charge, the object is
said to be electrically neutral. The neutrons in the nucleus are electrically neutral
particles.
The charge on the electrons or a proton is the smallest amount of free charge that
has been discovered. Charges of larger magnitude are built up on an object by
adding or removing electrons. Thus, any charge of magnitude q is an integer
multiple on e; that is, q = Ne, where N is an integer. Because any electric charge q
occurs in integers multiples of elementary, invisible charges of magnitude e, electric
charge is said to be quantized.
To show the quantized nature of electric charge, let us consider this example.
How many electrons are there in one coulomb of negative charge?
The negative charge is due to the presence of excess electrons, since they carry
negative charge. Because an electron has a charge whose magnitude is e = 1.60 x
10-19 C, the number of electrons is equal to the charge e on each electron.
Thus, the number N of electrons is
18
𝑞 1.00𝐶
𝑁= = = 6.25 x 10
𝑒 1.60𝑥10−19 𝐶

Triboelectric Charging
The presence of different atoms in an object provides different objects with
different electrical properties. One property is known as electron affinity. The
property of electron affinity refers to the relative amount of love that a material has
for electrons. If atoms of a material have a high electron affinity, then that material
will have a relatively high love for electrons. This property of electron affinity will be
of utmost importance as we explore one of the most common methods of charging -
triboelectic charging, also known as charging by friction or rubbing.

Charging by Induction
Induction charging is a method used to charge an object without touching
the object to any other charged object. An understanding of charging by induction
requires an understanding of the nature of a conductor and the polarization process.
Charging Two-Sphere System Using A Negatively Charged Object
 One common demonstration performed to show how induction charging
occur is by using two metal spheres. The metal spheres are supported by insulating
stands so that any charge acquired by the spheres cannot travel to the ground. The
spheres are placed side by side (see diagram i. below) so as to form a two-sphere
system. Being made of metal (a conductor), electrons are free to move between the
spheres - from sphere A to sphere B and vice versa.
If a rubber balloon is charged negatively (perhaps by rubbing it with animal
fur) and brought near the spheres, electrons within the two-sphere system will be
induced to move away from the balloon. This is simply the principle that like charges
repel. Being charged negatively, the electrons are repelled by the negatively
charged balloon. And being present in a conductor, they are free to move about the
surface of the conductor.
Subsequently, there is a mass migration of electrons from sphere A to
sphere B. This electron migration causes the two-sphere system to be polarized (see
diagram ii. below). Overall, the two-sphere system is electrically neutral. Yet the
movement of electrons out of sphere A and into sphere B separates the negative
charge from the positive charge. Looking at the spheres individually, it would be
accurate to say that sphere A has an overall positive charge and sphere B has an
overall negative charge. Once the two-sphere system is polarized, sphere B is
physically separated from sphere A using the insulating stand. Having been pulled
further from the balloon, the negative charge likely redistributes itself uniformly
about sphere B (see diagram iii. below).
Meanwhile, the excess positive charge on sphere A remains located near the
negatively charged balloon, consistent with the principle that opposite charges
attract. As the balloon is pulled away, there is a uniform distribution of charge about
the surface of both spheres (see diagram iv. below). This distribution occurs as the
remaining electrons in sphere A move across the surface of the sphere until the
excess positive charge is uniformly distributed.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-2/Charging-by-Induction

The Law of Conservation of Charge

 The law of conservation of charge is easily observed in the induction
charging process. Considering the example above, one can look at the two spheres
as a system. Prior to the charging process, the overall charge of the system was
zero. There were equal numbers of protons and electrons within the two spheres. In
diagram ii. above, electrons were induced into moving from sphere A to sphere B.
At this point, the individual spheres become charged. The quantity of positive
charge on sphere A equals the quantity of negative charge on sphere B. If sphere A
has 1000 units of positive charge, then sphere B has 1000 units of negative charge.
Determining the overall charge of the system is easy arithmetic; it is simply the sum
of the charges on the individual
spheres.
Overall Charge of Two Spheres = +1000 units + (-1000 units) = 0 units
The overall charge on the system of two objects is the same after the
charging process as it was before the charging process. Charge is neither created
nor destroyed during this charging process; it is simply transferred from one object
to the other object in the form of electrons.

CHARGING TWO-SPHERE SYSTEM USING A POSITIVELY CHARGED

OBJECT
What do you think will happen if there are two positively charged spheres?
How would the movement of electron be changed?
Study this figure:

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-2/Charging-by-Induction

The positively charged balloon is brought near sphere A. Consider the graphic
below in which a positively charged balloon is brought near Sphere A. The presence
of the positive charge induces a mass migration of electrons from sphere B towards
(and into) sphere A. This movement is induced by the simple principle that
opposites attract. Negatively charged electrons throughout the two-sphere system
are attracted to the positively charged balloon. This movement of electrons from
sphere B to sphere A leaves sphere B with an overall positive charge and sphere A
with an overall negative charge. The two-sphere system has been polarized. With
the positively charged balloon still held nearby, sphere B is physically separated
from sphere A. The excess positive charge is uniformly distributed across the
surface of sphere B. The excess negative charge on sphere A remains crowded
towards the left side of the sphere, positioning itself close to the balloon. Once the
balloon is removed, electrons redistribute themselves about sphere A until the
excess negative charge is evenly distributed across the surface. In the end, sphere
A becomes charged negatively and sphere B becomes charged positively.

The Importance of a Ground in Induction Charging

In the charging by induction cases discussed above, the ultimate charge on
the object is never the result of electron movement from the charged object to the
originally neutral objects. The balloon never transfers electrons to or receive
electrons from the spheres; nor does the glass rod transfer electrons to or receive
electrons from the spheres. The neutral object nearest the charged object (sphere A
in these discussions) acquires its charge from the object to which it is touched. In
the above cases, the second sphere is used to supply the electrons to sphere A or to
receive electrons from sphere A.
The role of sphere B in the above examples is to serve as a supplier or receiver of
electrons in response to the object that is brought near sphere A. In this sense,
sphere B acts like a ground.

Learning Competency:
Describe using a diagram charging by rubbing and charging by induction
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIa-1)
 Activity 1: Charge it!

Directions: Follow the procedures as stated in the activity.

Objective: To demonstrate the transfer of electric charge form one object to
another.
Materials:
2 small rubber balloons
Small piece of wool cloth
Small pieces of paper
Procedure:
1. Blow one balloon and tie it.
2. Rub one side of the balloon with the scrap of wool.
3. Move a finger toward the balloon in the charged spot. What do you observe?
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4. Recharge your balloons, and try holding the charged parts near each other.
What do you observe? Explain your observations.
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5. Rub one of the balloon and put on a table top (or the floor) and try gently
rolling it? What do you observe? Explain you observations.
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 6. Prepare the small bits of paper. Place it on top of a table. Recharge your
balloon and hold it slightly above the small bits of paper. What do you
observe? Explain your observation.
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Guide questions:
1. What happened on the part of the balloon that you rubbed with the scrap
of

wool?

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2. What is the role of the rubbing process in the activity?
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Activity 2 : Charging
by Induction

Objective: Describe how the presence of negatively charge object induces

movement of electrons.
Materials:
2 pcs Styrofoam cups 1 pcs rubber ballon
2 pcs softdrinks empty cans scotch tape/double-sided tape
Procedure:
1. Label the softdrink cans as can A and can B.
2. Mount the softdrink can on top of the styro cup using a scotch tape or
doublesided tape.
3. Place the can side by side.
4. Charge the ballon by rubbing it with animal fur or hair (this will make the
rubber ballon negatively charged)
5. Place the negatively charged balloon near to one of the cans.
6. Follow the figure below:

7. Observe what happens. Write your observation in your notebook.

Guide questions:
1. What happens to the can when you brought the negatively charged
rubber ballon near it?
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2. Describe the movement of the electrons in the experimental set-up.

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3. Would you expect that can A would be attracted by the negatively
charged balloon? Explain why or why not?
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4. What is the role of the balloon in the activity?
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Activity 3 : 10 minute
Video -Tutorial

Charging by Induction Video Tutorial

Objective: Explain how charging by induction happens.
Using your smartphones or laptops with internet go
to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=763tiBXvTGw&feature=youtu.be
The Charging by Induction Video Tutorial describes what charging by induction is
and explains how and why it occurs. Numerous examples, animations, and
illustrations are provided.
After watching the video lesson you will be able to answer the following questions:
1. What is charging by induction and how does it occur?
2. How can the results of charging by induction be predicted and explained?

Reflection:
Write your answer on the following:
1. I learned that
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2. I enjoyed the lesson most on
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3. I want to learn more on
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__ References:
Cutnell, J.D. and K. W. Johnsons. (2016). Physics, 9th Edition.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson -2/Charging-by-Induction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=763tiBXvTGw&feature=youtu.be

Answer key
Activity 1
Possible observation:
 3. There is a crackling sound produced. This is due to the balloon’s negative
charge being released.
4. There is a production of crackling sound, and feel some resistance. This is
because of the two negative charges repelling each other.
5. The charged portion sticks to the floor or table, this is because the
negatively charged balloon is attracted to the neutrally charged floor.
6. The small bits of paper is attracted to the charged spot of the balloon.
This is because the positive ends of the small bits of paper are attracted
to the negatively charged balloon.

Answers to guide questions:

3. Rubbing the balloon with a wool cloth gives the spot on the balloon a
negative charge.
4. Ans. The rubbing process serves only to separate electrons and protons
already present in the materials.

Activity 2
Answers to guide questions:
5. The cans separated when the rubber ballon was brought near the end of
one of the cans. The balloon attracted can A.
6. The presence of negatively charge near the can induces electron
movement from can A to can B
7. The type of charge on the cans can be tested by seeing if they attract the
negatively charged balloon or repel the negatively charged balloon. Of
course, we would expect that Can A (being positively charged) would
attract the negatively charged balloon and Can B (being negatively
charged) should repel the negatively charged balloon.
8. During the process of induction charging, the role of the balloon is to
simply induce a movement of electrons from one can to the other can. It
is used to polarize the two-can system. The balloon never does supply
electrons to can A (unless your hear a spark, indicating a lightning
discharge from the balloon to the can).

GENERAL PHYSICS 2

Name: ________________________________________Grade Level: _________

Date: __________________________________________Score:______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ELECTROSTATIC CHARGING
Background Information for the Learners (BIL)
Charging by rubbing phenomenon in which friction transfers charged
particles from one body to another.

If two objects are rubbed together, especially if the objects are insulators
and surrounding air is dry, the objects acquire equal and opposite charges
and an attractive force develops between them.
• The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged.
• The other that gains electrons becomes negatively charged.
• The force is simply the attraction between charges of opposite sign.

Types of Electric Charges

Each type of charge attracts the opposite type but repels the same type.
This leads to the basic law of electrostatics: Unlike charges attract, like
charges repel.
• The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). It is a scalar quantity.
• Every electron has a charge of -1.6 x 10 C, and every proton has a
-19

charge of +1.6 x 10 C.
-19

Positively charged Particles

In this type of particles, numbers of positive ions are larger than the
numbers of negative ions. In other words, numbers of protons are larger than the
number of electrons.
p+>e-
To neutralize positively charged particles, electrons from the surroundings
come to this particle until the number of protons and electrons become equal. Do
not forget protons cannot move!

Negatively Charged Particles

In this type of particles, numbers of negative ions are larger than the
numbers of positive ions. In other words, numbers of electrons are larger than
the number of protons.
e+>p-
 To neutralize negatively charged particles, since protons cannot move and
cannot come to negatively charged particles, electrons moves to the ground or any
other particle around itself.

Neutral Particles

These types of particles include equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Be careful, they have both protons, neutrons and electrons however, numbers of
“+” ions are equal to the numbers of “-” ions. e+=p-

Conductors

Some of the matters have lots of free electrons to move. It is easy for
electrons to flow from these materials. Metals are good conductors. Gold, copper,
human bodies, acid, base and salt solutions are example of conductors.

Insulators

These types of materials do not let electrons flow. Bonds of the electrons in
the insulators are tighter than the conductors thus, they cannot move easily. Glass,
ebonite, plastic, wood, air is some of the examples of insulators.

Atoms having same charge repel each other and atoms having opposite
charges attract each other.

Example: Charged spheres A, B and C behave like this under the effect of charged
rod D and E. If C is positively charged, find the signs of the other spheres and rods.
 We learned that opposite charges attract each other and same charges repel
each other. Using this explanation we can say that, if the sign of the C is “+” than
rod E must be “-” since it attracts C. B must be “+” since E also attract B. Rod D
repels the B so, we say that D must have same sign with B “+” , and finally D
also repels A, thus
A is also “+”.
A(+), D(+), B(+), E(-), C(+)

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain the role of electron transfer in electrostatic charging by

rubbing. (STEM_GP12EM-IIIb-2)

Activity 1: Types
of Charging

Objective: Give examples of charging by friction and charging by contact.

Charging by Friction

When you rub one material to another, they are charged by friction. Material losing
electron is positively charged and material gaining electron is negatively charged.
Amount of gained and lost electron is equal to each other.

Charging by Contact
Charging by conduction occurs when two objects with different amounts of electric
charge come in contact and electrons move from one object to the other. There
are equal number of electrons and protons in a neutral matter. If something
changes this balance, we can say it is charged.

Directions: Give examples of objects that demonstrate charging by friction and

charging by contact. (One example each is already given.)

Charging by Friction Charging by Contact

1. Rubbing of comb and hair 1. Metal rod/bar touching a neutral
sphere
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Guide questions:
7. Consider one of your answer in the first column (charging by friction), explain
how the electric charges are transferred from one object to the other.
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8. Choose one of your answer in the second column (charging by conduction)
and explain how the two objects with different amounts of electric charge
come in contact and electrons move from one object to the other.
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 Activity 2: Charging
by Friction

Objective: Perform activity that demonstrate charging by friction.

Materials do not always need to be rubbed together to create a charge imbalance.
In this activity, you will explore charging by friction through simple contact.
Materials:
Roll of clear plastic adhesive tape (scotch tape/clear packing tape)
Procedure:
1. Pull two 8-10 cm of tape from the roll.
2. Hold one piece of tape in each hand and bring the two shiny (non-sticky)
sides of the tape close together without letting them touch. Record your
observations.
3. Exhale onto both sides of each piece of tape several times (over its entire
length). Bring the two shiny sides of the tape close together again without
letting them touch. Observe what happens.
4. Using the same two pieces of tape, allow each piece of tape to stick to the
top of a clean desk without rubbing. Then quickly pull the pieces off the desk.
Bring the shiny, non-sticky side of one of the pieces close to the edge of the
desk without letting it touch the desk. Observe what happens.
5. Quickly bring the shiny, non-sticky sides of both pieces of tape close to each
other without letting them touch. Observe what happens.

Guide questions:
9. What do your observations in step 2 indicate about the electric charge on
the pieces of tape when they were first pulled off the roll? Explain.
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10. What do your observations in step 3 indicate about the electric charge on
the pieces of tape? Explain.
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11. Why is there a difference in the electric charge on the pieces of tape
between steps 2 and 3?
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12. Write a question you have about the observations you made in this activity.
Exchange questions with a classmate through your social media account or
messenger and decide how you may find answers to your questions. Then
design and carry out simple experiments to answer your questions.
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Activity 3 : Research
this!
Objective: Analyze how technology works to hinder the effect of charging by
friction.
Many people use fabric softener dryer sheets to control static charge buildup on
clothes. As clothes made of different materials tumble inside a clothes dryer, they
rub together and become charged by friction. Fabric softener sheets prevent the
buildup of static charges.
1. Research how fabric softener sheets prevent the buildup of static charges.
2. Research what chemicals are used in fabric softener sheets and their effects
on people and the environment.

Guide questions:
1. Analyze how this technology works to hinder the effect of charging by
friction.
Draw a diagram to support your analysis.
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2. List some benefits and drawbacks of using fabric softener sheets. Suggest
alternatives to using fabric softener sheets.

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3. Based on your research, decide whether fabric softener sheets are necessary.
Support your opinion.
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__ ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES: Check Your Learning
1. Consider the following pairs of materials. Using the electrostatic series,
determine the charge that each material will gain when the two are rubbed
together. (a) glass and silk (b) ebonite and fur (c) human hair and a rubber
balloon (d) amber and cotton
2. Why do objects made from different materials develop an electric charge
when rubbed together? What is this method of charging called? Use a
diagram to illustrate your answer.
3. In your own words, explain charging by conduction. Include diagrams
showing how a positively charged object can be used to charge a neutral
object.
4. Use a graphic organizer to compare charging by conduction to charging by
friction.

Reflection:
Write your answer on the following:
1.I learned that
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2.I enjoyed the lesson most on

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3.I want to learn more on

____________________________________________________________________
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References:
Cutnell, J.D. and K. W. Johnsons. (2016). Physics, 9th Edition.
https://www.miniphysics.com/charging-by-rubbing.html
https://www.physicstutorials.org/home/electrostatics
http://www.mrcaslick.altervista.org/SNC1D/Textbook/11.2.pdf Answer key:
Activity 1
1. When they are rubbed together, the atoms in the comb gain electrons and
the atoms in the hair lose electrons.
2. Possible explanation: Two charged objects may come in contact, and
electrons may move from one object to the other. Electrons always move
from the object with a larger negative charge (less positive) to the object
with the smaller negative charge (more positive). This produces a more
even distribution of electric charge between the two objects.

Activity 2
Observations:

3. Repel each other.

4. The sticky tape is repelled by the edge of the table.
5. Repel each other.

Answers to guide questions:

1. The two tapes neither attract nor repel, this is because of the equal
numbers of positive and negative charges.
2. The repulsion between the 2 sticky tapes indicate that they have the same
electric charges.

3. The charges of two sticky tapes before exhaling on it has a neutral

charge, while the charge after exhalation makes the sticky tape acquire
same charges making them repel.

4. Answers may vary

Activity 3
Answers to guide questions:
1. The softener binds with the hydrogen- bonding network hence blocking the
effect of charging by friction.

(https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Elucidation-of-the-softening-mechanism-of-fabric-
Igarashi
Nakamura/cce20caa28a4d4f521d0c7d4615c973036444b91/figure)
3. Fabric softener dryer sheets coat clothes in a waxy substance that also
makes the clothes feel softer. Fabric softener softens clothes and adds a
fragrance to them. Fabric softeners can also reduce static cling. If you don't
want to use cationic fabric softeners, there are alternatives that work quite
well. Add a half-cup cup of white vinegar to the rinse cycle of your washer to
soften clothes, naturally remove static, and cut soap residue which can dull
colored items. Or add a half-cup of baking soda to the wash. You can also
check with your local health food store or look online for an all-natural
softener. Last, because synthetic fibers are notorious for static cling, wash
and dry these items separately from cottons and remove them from the dryer
while slightly damp.
4. Answers may vary

Prepared by:

CHRISTOPHER A. MASIRAG
VICENTE D. TRINIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 GENERAL PHYSICS 2
Name: ____________________________ Grade Level:
________
Date: _____________________________ Score: __________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ELECTRIC CHARGE, COULOMB’S LAW, ELECTRIC FIELDS, AND

ELECTRIC FLUX
Background Information for the Learners (BIL)

ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION

Electrostatic induction is a process to produce static electricity in an object by

drawing near to an electrically charged material. The former will cause the electrical
charges to be reallocated in the material that will result in one side having an excess
of either positive (+) or negative (-) charges.

Electrostatic induction or Induction charging is a method used to charge an

object without touching. This method will cause the redistribution of electrical
charges on a material.

ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION IN CONDUCTORS

Electrostatic induction is most effective when materials are conductors just

like metals. Metals are good conductors. In electrostatic induction, once you remove
the electrically charged object, the conductor loses its charge. Temporarily
grounding the conductor must be done to solve this phenomenon.

Electrical conductors in neutral state has an equal number of (+) and

negative (-) electrical charges. Equal number of positive ions and negative ions and
electrons interacts within the conducting material. When an static electrically
charged is brought near to an electrical conductor, the electrical charges on or near
the surface of the electrically charged object attracts the opposite charges in the
conductor and repel the like charges.
The law of attraction and repulsion is observed in this phenomenon. Unlike
charges attract, therefore a positive charge(+) will attract a negative charge(-). Like
 charges repel, therefore a negative charge (-) will repel a negative charge (-) and
vice versa.

Example
______ plastic rod
_ _
_ _ _
Figure 1
+ + + + + + + +
In figure 1, electrical charges in the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
conductor or in the metal are redistributed as
the rod is draw near in the metal plate. Nevertheless, by the time the electrically
charged object (plastic rod) is removed, the charges in the conductor interact or
intermingle again. So, the electrical charging is temporary.

ELECTROSCOPE

An electroscope is an instrument used to detect the presence of electric

charge on a body. It detects charge by the movement of a test object due to the
Coulomb electrostatic force on it.
Electrostatic induction is also applicable in electroscope. If you draw near a
charged object such as the plastic rod near an electroscope, the opposite charges
will move toward the metal end of an electroscope as shown in the illustration below.
In the same illustration, the negative charge(-) in the plastic rod attract the positive
charge (+) in the metal shaft of the electroscope. The electrical charges in the metal
shaft are redistributed while the negative charges are on the leaves at the lower
shaft.
The leaves of the electroscope push apart because to the electrical force where the
charges are the same (negative charges repel negative charges).

______Plastic Rod

Metal shaft ______ + ++ +

+
+ +
+
_______ Electroscope
 _________leave electroscope

Electroscopes leaves separate because of electrical charges

Metal shaft ___ +

+

+ _______ Electroscope

___ leave of electroscope

Electroscopes leaves go back to its original position

When the charged plastic rod is removed, the leaves of the electroscope go
to its original position and the electrical charges in the latter will interact again. The
leaves will not repel anymore because the charges in the leaves are opposite.

ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION IN NON-CONDUCTORS

Non-conductors or insulators can undergo also the process of electrostatic

induction. These non-conductors can be given static electric charge nevertheless
electrostatic induction in non-conducting materials is least effective because the
movement of charge is constraint.
 Although electrostatic induction is possible to nonconducting or dielectric
materials, the movement of electrical charges is much more constrained in
nonconductors than in conducting materials. In, conductors’ electrons are allowed to
move freely that cause electricity.

In a nonconductor, separation of charged particles does not work because

electrons are constrained. Nevertheless, if the nonconductor consists of polar
molecules the electrostatic induction may be possible. The latter will cause the
molecules to be with the positive charges (+) and the other side with negative
charges (-). Polar molecules are molecules that has one side more positive that the
other side.

For example: water is polar molecule so water can be slightly attracted to a static
electric charge that is why if you draw near a charged object to a water the stream
of water will eventually bend.

A tissue and small pieces of Styrofoam which are nonconductors can be also
attracted by a charge object through electrostatic induction.
`
Learning Competency
Describe experiments to show electrostatic charging by induction. (STEM_GP12EM-
IIIa-3)

Activity 1: FACT OR BLUFF

Directions: Label the following statements as Fact if the statement is true or Bluff if
the statement is false. If the statement is false, underline the word/s that make it
false and change it to make it true.
_____ 1. Electrostatic induction can exist in nonconductors.
_____ 2. Negative charge will attract negative charge.
_____ 3. Positive charge will attract negative charge.
_____ 4. Electrostatic induction can produce static electricity when you draw near an
electrically charged object to a material.
_____ 5. Induction is not possible when the objects are not in contact.
____ 6. Electrostatic induction is more effective in conductors than in
nonconductors.
____ 7. When a static electrically charged is brought near to an electrical
conductor, the electrical charges on or near the surface of the electrically charged
object attract the opposite charges in the conductor.

_____ 8. The law of attraction and repulsion is observed in electrostatic induction.

_____ 9. Electrostatic induction is NOT possible to nonconducting or dielectric
materials. _____ 10. The movement of electrical charges is much more constrained
in nonconductors than in conducting materials

ACTIVITY 2. Draw the Charges

DIRECTIONS: Draw the correct orientation of charges in electrostatic induction in the
illustration given below. Draw your answer in the empty box at the right. (10 points)

ro r

___

____++++
__
NOTE: Assume that the upper illustration is charged object and the
lower part is metal plate.

Describe what happen on the charges on the metal plate.

Answer:
___________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________
__ ________________________

ACTIVITY 3. Electrostatic Induction in Electroscope

DIRECTIONS: Draw the correct orientation of charges in electrostatic induction in

electroscope. Draw your answer in the empty box. (10 points)
1. BRINGING NEGATIVELY CHARGE OBJECT TO AN ELECTROSCOPE

Describe what happen on the the electroscope during electrostatic

induction.

Answer:
___________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________
__
_________________________

2. WHEN CHARGED OBJECT IS REMOVED FROM ELECTROSCOPE

Describe what happen on the electroscope during electrostatic induction.

Answer:
 ___________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________
__ ________________________________________

ACTIVITY 4. ESSAY

DIRECTIONS: Write your idea briefly but substantially in the following situations.

1. Electromagnetic induction in a plastic rod and metal plate.

2. Electromagnetic induction in electroscope and charge object.

3. Electromagnetic induction in charged object and nonconductors.

ACTIVITY 5. INDUCTION ON A NONCONDUCTOR

Experiment

Materials:

comb and tissue paper

Procedures:

1. Tear off several bits of tissue paper.

2. Bring the comb near to the bits of tissue paper.
3. Describe what happens.
4. Then rub your hair with the comb.
5. Bring near the comb to the tissue paper.
6. Describe what happens

Guide Questions:

1. Why does the comb attract the pieces of tissue paper when you rub
the comd into your hair?

2. Explain the electrification that takes place in the comb.

Reflection:
Write your answer on the following:
1.I learned that
____________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________
___ _______________________________________________

2.I enjoyed the lesson most on

____________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________
___ _______________________________________________

3.I want to learn more on

____________________________________________________________________
___
____________________________________________________________________
___ _____________________________________________________

REFERENCES:
“Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited.” Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/18-4-electric-field-concept-of-a-
field-
revisited/.
“Electroscope - Google Search.” Accessed January 19, 2021.
https://www.google.com/search?
q=electroscope&oq=electroscope&aqs=chrome..69i57j
0l7.8818j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF

Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Electrostatic Induction.” Wikipedia, January 16,

2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction.

Keil, Dennis. “Electrostatic Induction.” College-Physics - Lernportal. Accessed

January 19, 2021. http://www.college-physics.com/book/electric-field/electrostatic-
induction/.

IOPSpark. “Charging by Electrostatic Induction.” Accessed January 19,

2021.
https://spark.iop.org/charging-electrostatic-induction
ANSWER KEY: Activity 1. FACT OR BLUFF

1. Fact 4. Fact 7. Fact 10. Fact

2. Bluff 5. Bluff 8. Fact
3. Fact 6. Fact 9. Bluff

ACTIVITY 2. Draw the Charges

Answer:

_ _
_ _ _

+ + + +
_ _ _ _

When a static electrically charged is brought near to an electrical conductor, the

electrical charges on or near the surface of the electrically charged object attract
the opposite charges in the conductor and repel the like charges.

ACTIVITY 3. Electrostatic Induction in Electroscope

1. BRINGING A NEGATIVELY CHARGED OBJECT TO AN ELECTROSCOPE

 +
+ ++ +
+ + +

The negative charge (-) object attract the positive charge (+) in the metal shaft of the
electroscope. The electrical charges in the metal shaft are redistributed while the
negative charges are on the leaves at the lower shaft.
The leaves of the electroscope push apart because to the electrical force where the
charges are the same (negative charges repel negative charges).

2. WHEN CHARGED OBJECT IS REMOVED FROM ELECTROSCOPE

+ +

________ _leave of
electroscope

When the charged object is removed, the leaves of the electroscope go to its
original position and the electrical charges in the latter will interact again. The leaves
will not repel anymore because the charges in the leaves are opposite.

ACTIVITY 4. ESSAY
1. Answers may vary.
2. Answers may vary.
3. Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 5. INDUCTION ON A NONCONDUCTOR

1. When you rub the comb into your hair the comb became negatively
charged. This will create an electric field into the comb that will polarise
and attract the tissue paper so that the part closer to the comb will be the
positive(+) and the other will be(-).

2. When electrification occurs, electrons are not created but they are
transferred. In the case of the comd attracting the tiny bits of tissue paper
when you rubbed it into your hair electrons from your hair got transferred
and now the comb induces a dipole in the bits of paper and so the paper
get attracted.