Mathematics Part 1 Mrs.

Kristine Sevcenko
Solving Linear Systems. 3. The Inverse Matrix Method.
Consider the matrices
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
, ,
a b c d x
a b c y d
z a b c d
_ _ _




, , ,
A X P
.
The system
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
a x b y c z d
a x b y c z d
a x b y c z d
+ +

+ +
'

+ +

can now be written as a matrix eqation AX=P.
There!ore we can se matrix "ro"erties to so#ve it !or X as !o##ows$
%ememberin& that
1
A A = I , m#ti"#y both sides o! the eqation !rom the
#e!t by the inverse o! A$

1 1
1
1

AX P
A AX A P
IX A P
X A P
'otice that the method "rodces a so#tion on#y i! the inverse matrix exists,
that is, i! det ( A .
Example.
3 2 2 1
2 (
2
x y z
x y z
x y z
+ +

+
'

) then
3 2 2 1
1 2 1 ) (
1 1 1 2
_ _





, ,
A P .
The inverse
1
1 * +
( 1 1
1 , -

_





,
A .
1
1 * + 1 1 1 * ( + . 2/ 11
( 1 1 ( ( 1 1 ( 1 . 2/ 2 )
1 , - 2 1 1 , ( - . 2/ 1,

+ + _ _ _ _





, , , ,
X A P
11) 2) 1,. x y z
Exercise 1. 0ind the inverse matrix . 1se row trans!ormations !or odd
nmbered "rob#ems .13,1,, 12, 13/ and the co!actor method !or even
nmbered "rob#ems .1*, 1+, 1-, 2(/.
Exercise 2. 4n 2, 5 2-, se the inverse matrices !ond in 12 5 2( to so#ve
the &iven systems sin& the inverse matrix method.
Homework # 9. Solve :
(a) (b)