[ Problem View ]

Measurements in Electric Circuits

Description: Several questions related to a single-loop circuit with one resistor, an ammeter, and a voltmeter. These devices are not necessarily considered ideal. The students are not assumed to now the rules !or series and parallel circuits" however, they can ma e qualitative determinations. Learning Goal: To understand the role o! the internal resistance o! various devices and the use o! the ammeter and the voltmeter. #onsider the circuit shown. $ll wires are considered ideal" that is, they have %ero resistance. &e will assume !or now that all other elements o! the circuit are ideal, too' The value o! resistance ammeter ( is a constant, the internal resistances o! the battery ( ) and the ) are %ero, and the internal resistance o! the voltmeter ( ) is in!initely

large. Part A &hat is the reading o! the voltmeter*

+,press your answer in terms o! the +-. . ANSWER: Part B The voltmeter, as can be seen in the !igure, is connected to points 0 and 1. &hat are the respective voltages between points 0 and 2 and between points 2 and 1* ANSWER: / EMF

Part C &hat is the reading o! the ammeter* +,press your answer in terms o! and ANSWER: / EMF/R .

To ma e things more interesting, we now assume that the battery has a non%ero internal resistance (the voltmeter and the ammeter remain ideal).

Part D &hat is the reading o! the ammeter now* +,press your answer in terms o! , ANSWER: Part E &hat is the reading o! the voltmeter now* $int E%& Hint not displayed +,press your answer in terms o! , , and . / EMF/ R!R"int# , and .

ANSWER:

/ EMF'R/ R!R"int#

3ow assume that the ammeter has non%ero resistance internal resistance. Part F #ompared to their values when

. The battery still has non%ero

, how would the readings o! the ammeter and the

voltmeter change when * $int F%& $o( to approac) t)is part Hint not displayed ANSWER: The ammeter reading would increase" the voltmeter reading would stay the same. The ammeter reading would decrease" the voltmeter reading would stay the same. The ammeter reading would decrease" the voltmeter reading would increase. The ammeter reading would increase" the voltmeter reading would increase. Part G &hat is the new reading o! the ammeter* +,press your answer in terms o! , ANSWER: , , and .

/ EMF/ R!R"A!R"int#

3ow assume that the ammeter again has %ero resistance, but the resistance o! the voltmeter is less than in!inity. The battery still has non%ero internal resistance. Part $ #ompared to their values when , how would the readings o! the ammeter and

the voltmeter change when is some large but !inite value* $int $%& Consi*er t)e +oltmeter ,irst 4bserve that , where is the current !lowing through the battery. &hat

happens to the current when the resistance o! the voltmeter drops* $int $%- .)e c)ange in t)e /atter0 current &hen the resistance o! the voltmeter drops below in!inity, it becomes possible !or current to !low both through the voltmeter and through the resistor. The overall resistance o! the circuit there!ore drops, and the current through the battery increases. 5ow would that a!!ect the reading o! the voltmeter* $int $%1 .)e rea*ing o, t)e ammeter The ammeter reading is related simply to the voltmeter reading. The current through the ammeter is given by , where is the voltage between points 0 and 1, which is e,actly the voltage that the voltmeter reads. ANSWER: The voltmeter reading would stay the same" the ammeter reading would increase. The voltmeter reading would stay the same" the ammeter reading would decrease. The voltmeter reading would decrease" the ammeter reading would decrease. The voltmeter reading would increase" the ammeter reading would increase. Suppose now that the piece o! ideal wire between points 0 and 2 is removed and replaced by a nonideal wire with a non%ero resistance. Part 2 5ow would this change a!!ect the readings o! the ammeter and the voltmeter* $int 2%& Hint not displayed ANSWER: The ammeter reading would stay the same" the voltmeter reading would stay the same. The ammeter reading would decrease" the voltmeter reading would decrease. The ammeter reading would increase" the voltmeter reading would decrease. The ammeter reading would decrease" the voltmeter reading would increase.

The ammeter reading would increase" the voltmeter reading would increase. The ammeter reading would stay the same" the voltmeter reading would increase. [ Print ] 2' 6.0276

1' [ Problem View ]

Brig)tness o, Lig)t Bul/s

Description: $s s students to ran brightness o! light bulbs in ami,ed series and parallel circuit. #onsider a circuit containing !ive identical lightbulbs and an ideal battery.

Part A 8an the brightness o! the !ive bulbs ($ through +) !rom brightest to dimmest. (The more current !lowing through a bulb, the brighter it will be.) $int A%& Comparing /ul/ A to /ul/ B Hint not displayed $int A%- Comparing /ul/ D to /ul/ E Hint not displayed

$int A%1 Comparing /ul/ C to /ul/ D or E Hint not displayed $int A%3 Comparing /ul/ C to /ul/ A or B Hint not displayed 9ist the bulbs in order !rom brightest to dimmest. :etween each pair o! bulbs, use the symbol ; to indicate that the le!t-hand bulb is brighter than the right-hand bulb, or / to indicate that the bulbs have the same brightness. .or e,ample, <:/#/+;$;=< means that bulbs :, #, and + all have the same brightness, and that they are brighter than bulb $, which in turn is brighter than bulb =. ANSWER: C4A5B4D5E C4A5B4E5D C4B5A4D5E C4B5A4E5D 3ow consider what happens when a switch in the circuit is opened.

Part B &hat happens to bulb $* $int B%& $o( to approac) t)is part 5ow does the resistance o! bulb # alone compare with the resistance o! bulb # in parallel with bulbs = and +* 5ow does this a!!ect the resistance and current in the circuit as a whole (as compared

to be!ore)* ANSWER: >t gets dimmer. >t gets brighter. >ts brightness stays the same. Part C &hat is the current now !lowing in bulb #* , the resistance o! a single

+,press your answer in terms o! the applied voltage and bulb. ANSWER: Part D &hat happens to bulb #* Part D%& Current in /ul/ C earlier The total resistance o! the earlier circuit was &hat is the current !lowing in bulb #* . , where / -'EMF#/ 1'R#

is the resistance o! one bulb.

+,press your answer in terms o! and ANSWER: ANSWER: Answer not displayed >t gets dimmer. >t gets brighter.

>ts brightness stays the same. This is why appliances in your home are connected only in parallel. 4therwise, turning some on or o!! would cause the current in others to change, which could damage them (typically in the case o! an overload) or prevent them !rom !unctioning (i! the current is too low). [ Print ] ?. [ Problem View ]

Batteries in Series or Parallel

Description: #omputation o! current through a resistor !or parallel and series connected batteries. @ou are given two circuits with two batteries o! em! and internal resistance #ircuit $ has the batteries connected in series with a resistor o! resistance : has the batteries connected in parallel to an equivalent resistor. 3ote that the symbol should be entered in your answers as EMF. each. , and circuit

Part A >n which direction does the current in circuit $ !low* $int A%& Con+entions 8emember that the conventional current !lows !rom a positive to a negative terminal. ANSWER: Part B &hat is the current through the resistor o! resistance $int B%& Hint not displayed in circuit $* cloc wise countercloc wise

$int B%Hint not displayed +,press the current in terms o! , ANSWER: / , and .

-'EMF/ -'R"&!R"-# -'E/ -'R"&!R"-#

Part C #alculate the current through the resistor o! resistance $int C%& W)ic) rule to use Hint not displayed Part C%- W)at is t)e em, ,or loop &6 !or circuit :.

The diagram shows the circuit divided into two loops' branch, is the current in the branch below it, while

is the current in the topmost is the current in the lowest

branch, which contains . .ind an e,pression !or the em! using the voltage drops across the two resistors in loop 0. +,press your answer in terms o! ANSWER: , , , and .

/ 2"1'R"-!2"&'R"&

Part C%1 W)at is t)e em, ,or loop -6

Part not displayed Part C%3 Application o, 7irc))o,,8s 9unction rule current rule# @ou should now have two equations involving all the variables in the circuit diagram. To solve !or , you need a relationship between and . #hoose the correct relation by applying Airchho!!Bs Cunction rule to one o! the Cunctions. 8ecall that Airchho!!Bs Cunction rule states that the algebraic sum o! all the currents into a Cunction is %ero'

. ANSWER:

3ow solve the three equations you have obtained !or the currents in each branch to obtain an e,pression !or ( ). To do this, you could either add the two equations and !rom the other equations into this other than the one above, or substitute !or one. +,press your answer in terms o! , ANSWER: / , and

-'EMF/ -'R"-!R"&# -'E/ -'R"-!R"&#

Part D &hat is the power dissipated by the resistor o! resistance , , and $int D%& W)at ,ormula to use * !or circuit $, given that

Hint not displayed #alculate the power to two signi!icant !igures. ANSWER: Part E
=/ :%3;<&; &

.or what ratio o! and would power dissipated by the resistor o! resistance same !or circuit $ and circuit :* $int E%& Hint not displayed $int E%Hint not displayed ANSWER: Part F / &%;;

be the

Dnder which o! the !ollowing conditions would power dissipated by the resistance circuit $ be bigger than that o! circuit :* $int F%& $o( to t)in> a/out t)e pro/lem Hint not displayed Some answer choices overlap" choose the most restrictive answer. ANSWER:

in

[ Print ]

E. %ero em! cloc wise top plate %ero /#F+-. /+-.G2F# /#F+-.F(0-e,p(-tH(8F#))) /+-.H8Fe,p(-tH(8F#)) /I.20Ftau

/E.E16J06-2 /qK6Fe,p(-tH(8F#)) /-qK6H(8F#)Fe,p(-tH(8F#)) L. /(epsilonK6FrG2HdF(A-0)FV)H=eltaT