NOx ABATEMENT Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

1/ GE / February 11, 2010

Copyright 2006 Nuovo Pignone S.p.A.

Gas Turbine Emissions

2/ GE / February 11, 2010

Gas Turbine Emissions

3/ GE / February 11, 2010

Nitrogen Oxides Abatement

4/ GE / February 11, 2010

Nitrogen Oxides Abatement

Diffusion Combustion System

Fuel and Air are injected separately in combustion chamber Standard combustion system for gas turbine until 10-15 years ago

Premixed Combustion System

Fuel and Air are mixed before to be injected in combustion chamber DLN combustion system
CO emissions, ppm
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

A narrow Flame Temperature window has to be maintained to minimize emissions.

CO

NOX

30

NOX emissions, ppm

25 20 15 10 5

0 2000

Combustion temperature, K

5/ GE / February 11, 2010

DLN System
Lean Premixed flames Possible solutions : narrow stability range

Variable geometry (GE10) Regulation of combustion air Mechanical complexity for multi-can machines Multiple burners (LMs and GE5) Fuel staging Interaction of adjacent burners Hybrid chamber (FR5, 6, 7, 9) Separated sections : premixed/diffusion flames Potential problems during the switch from diffusion to premixed mode
6/ GE / February 11, 2010

DLN Combustion System

Head

Liner

Cover

7/ GE / February 11, 2010

DLN 1 System

8/ GE / February 11, 2010

DLN 1 System

9/ GE / February 11, 2010

Steam Inj. is available for Wet NOx Reduction

Flexible pigtails are used to connect from the steam manifold to each combustion chamber

10 / GE / February 11, 2010

Steam Inj. is available for Wet NOx Reduction

The steam injection into the combustion chamber.

is through machined passages in the combustion can cover.

11 / GE / February 11, 2010

General Requirements of Water/Steam Quality

12 / GE / February 11, 2010

Effects of injection Water/Steam in a combustor

Dynamic Pressure Activity within the Combustor Water injection tends to excite th dynamic activity more than steam As more and more water/steam is added to the combustor, a point is reached at which a sharp increase in carbon monoxide is observed. Increasing water/steam injection reduces combustor-operating stability. Vibration in the combustion chamber

Carbon Monoxide Emission

CO Emission

Combustion Stability

Blow out

Eventually a point will be reached when the flame will blow out.

Blow out

13 / GE / February 11, 2010

LHE System

14 / GE / February 11, 2010

LHE System

15 / GE / February 11, 2010