MADE BY -: Harshita Goyal CLASS -: XII BOARD ROLL NO.

-: 5663805

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that KASHIF KHAN of class XII-A has completed the physics project entitled TO FIND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS USING HOLLOW PRISM under the guidance of her physics teacher Mrs. MENKA PRABHAKAR and lab assistant Mr. KUNDAN. The progress of the project has been continuously reported and has been acknowledged consistently.
Menka Prabhakar (Physics Teacher)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to owe the sense of gratitude to our physics teacher Mrs. MENKA PRABHAKAR for her consistent guidance, support and encouragement without which this project would not able to exist in present shape. I would also like to thank our Lab assistant Mr.KUNDAN, my parents for their blessings and my friends for their help in order to complete the project.

Aim

C O N T E N T
Apparatus Required Theory

Procedure

Observation & Calculation

Conclusion

Precautions

Bibliography

To find refractive index of different liquids using hollow prism.

THEORY

PRISM:

A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished

surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.

REFRACTION:
The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:

Where: = refractive index of the liquid = the angle of minimum deviation r = angle of refraction i = angle of incidence A = angle of prism

FLUIDS
Water Glycerine Ethyl Alcohol Vegetable Oil Acetone HCl

REFRACTIVE INDEX
1.33 1.47 1.36 1.45 1.36 1.34

PROCEDU

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of drawing pins. Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC. Drop a normal PQ on the side AB. Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight line. Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the marked outline ABC.

RE

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line. Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so obtained. Mark the diagram as shown in the figure. Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of incidence.

HCl
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. i 35 40 45 50 55 e 48 52 42 36 32 d 24 30 25 26 28 A 60 60 60 60 60

ethyl alcohol
S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. i 35 40 45 50 55 e 52 44 41 36 32 d 26 25 25 26 27 A 60 60 60 60 60

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL EXPERIMENTAL-1.36 CALCULATED- 1.34

RESULT

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34 CALCULATED- 1.34

PRECAUTIONS
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree. Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line. Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm. Same angle of prism should be used for all observation. Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and incident ray.

bibliography
wikipedia.org google.com

physicsforlife.com {physicsforlife.com} earthphysics.com

CALCULATION GRAPH HCL ethyl alcohol