KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA TENALI

PHYSICS PROJECT

Exam :
Name : P. ARCHANA RACHEL
Regn No :
Class : XII
Date :
Year : 2022 – 23
Subject : PHYSICS
Code :
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA TENALI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish my deep sense of gratitude my Principal Shri.K.Srikanth of our

school for the continuous support and encouragement.

I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to my

Physics teacher MR.Venugopal who have helped me in this endeavour and has
always been very cooperative and without his help, cooperation, guidance and
encouragement, the project couldn’t have been what it evolved to be.

I am also thankful to my parents for their cooperation and

encouragement.
 Project is submitted to The Central Board of
Secondary Education in Fulfilment of the Required
A.I.S.S.C.E in

PHYSICS
{2022-2023}

BY:
ARCHANA RACHEL
...................................................

Under the guidance of

MR . VENUGOPAL

[Department of Science]
 Project Overview

Aim
Apparatus Required
Introduction
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism

Apparatus Required
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Introduction
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any material that is transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A prism can be used to break light up into its
constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect
light, or to split light into components with different
polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/
sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help

of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.
 
 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.
 Observation
 Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 35 28
2 60 40 26
3 60 45 25
4 60 50 26
5 60 55 28
6 60 60 29

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.34

Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.34
o
Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 
 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line. 
 
 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm. 

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation. 

 
 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and
incident ray.