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x'b +g } . o;nfO{ ;a} g]kfnLx?sf] ;femf / ;/f]sf/sf] laifosf] ?kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . lxGb' / a'4 wdf{anDaLx? b'a} lkkn k| lt cf:yf /fVb5g\ \ . lxGb'x?df a|Xdf, lji0f' / lzjsf] af; oxL ?vdf 5 EfGg] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . lxGb' wd{df lkknnfO{ lai0f'sf] cjtf/ dflgg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ lxGb'x?n] kljq ?vsf] ?kdf k"h f cr{gf ug]{ ub{5g\ . lkknsf] ?vdf zlgsf] klg af; x'g] x'Fbf zlgjf/sf] lbg hn r9fpFbf jf 5'b F f dfq klg /fd|f] x'g] wd{zf:qdf pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . uf}td a'4n] a'4Tj cyf{t\ 1fg o;} ?v d'lg a;]/ xfl;n u/]sfn] af}4 wd{ cg';f/ o; j[Ifsf] 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . lkknsf] ?vsf] cfkm\ g} ;] tfTds klxrfg 5 - 1fgf]bo / zflGt .

k |l ; 4 k ~ r f ; ]

o;n] wfld{ s dfGotf afx]s cfkm\g} kof{Kt j}1flgs Pjd\ df}lns ax' pkof]uL klxrfg af]s]sf] 5 . lkknsf] kftsf] cfsf/ x[bosf] h:t} ePsf sf/0fn] dfofsf] lrGx jf jfT;Notfsf] af]w u/fpFb5 / k|]dsf] k|tLs dflgG5 . j} 1flgs b[li6sf] 0fn] klg lkknsf] lgs} 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] 5 . lkknsf cfkm\g} cnf}lss cf} i fwLo u' 0 fx? 5g\ . lkknsf] h/f, af]sf| , kft tyf kmndf s'g} g s'g} cf}iflwhGo u'0f /x]sf] x'G5 h;n] ljleGg s8f k| j[lQsf /f] ux?sf] pkrf/ ;d]t ;Dej x'G5 . krf; eGbf a9L /f]ux?sf] pkrf/df o;sf] k|of]u ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;df le6fldghGo u'0f klg /x]sf] x'G5 . afy, luhfsf] /f]u, sfg b'MVg], k'/ fgf] 3fp, cN;/, jfsjfsL, ugf]l/of,

dw'dx ] , bd, kvfnf, 5f/]/f]u, Uofl:6s, gk'; + sTj h:tf /f]u / ;d:ofx?sf] ] pkrf/sf nflu lkknsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . o;sf] kft sdnlkQ / x[bo /f]udf klg pkof]uL x'G5 . slAhotsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{df t lkknsf] kftsf] ;]jg /fdjf0f g} dflgG5 . cGo ljljw /f]ux?df klg o;sf] pkof]lutf kfOG5 . lkknsf] ?vdf em08} ^) lsl;dsf /f;folgs tTjx? kfOG5g\ h'g cf}ifwLo pkof]lutfsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . cGt/f{li6o :t/df g]kfnsf] /fli6o ?v lrgfpg ljljw ljz]iftfx? /x]sf] lkkn nfO{ 3f]if0ff ug{ ;DalGwt ;/f] sf/jfnf lgsfon] Wofg lbg' k g] { b]lvG5 . n]vs cGt/f{li6o k|s[lt ;+/If0f ;+3 -cfO{=o"=;L=Pg=_ g]kfndf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs x'g .

ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf 5g . oxfFsf] h;/L sfddf vl6g] xf] eg] ufFp3/d} ;'g kmnfpg ;lsG5 ef]hk'/sf ;ld/ /fO{n] atfP . dlxnfx?n] s[lifsf] ljsf;df pNn]vgLo sfo{ ug{ ;S5g\ u'NdLsL t'n;f 1jfnLn] s[lif kmf/d vf]Ng] ;kgf /x]sf] atfOg .

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ebf}/] tfdfuL uflj;sf] j8f g+= # df lktf 8An' )!!@ /fd k|;fb u'? / dftf ;'s dfof u'?sf] sf]vaf6 hGd lnPsf eQm axfb'/ u'?sf @ bfh'efO{ / @ lbbL alxgL dWo]sf h]i7 ;'k'q x'g\ . ;g\ !($( df hGd]sf u'?sf] afNosfn ufpF3/df g} ljt] klg sl a]nfolt ;]gfdf !% jif{sf] pd]/d} elt{ ePsf / #) jif{sf] pd]/d} cfjsf; kfPkl5 s]xL ;do Aofkf/ Jofj;fodf ljtfPsf lyP . kl5 ;fdflhs If]qdf g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L, td'lwF, af}4 c3f}+ ;bg, dflj;sf] cflhjg ;b:o nufot ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfj4 /xL ;lqmotf k"j{s sfo{ ubf{ ub}{ lj=;+=@)%$ ;fnsf] :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf uflj; cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt eO{ ljleGg /rgfTds sfo{ ug'{eof] . xfn a]nfotdf a:b} cfPsf u'? u}/ cfjl;o g]kfnLsf] a]nfotdf o"/f]k x]g{] ;]S/]6/Londf ;lqmo 5g\ . pxfF k~rf;] If]q ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;+:yfks cWoIfsf] ?kdf ;d]t sfd u/] . pxfF;Fu o; klqsfsf] ;Dkfbs lbn axfb'/ e/fO{;Fu u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] d"n c+z M

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o x fF sf ] af N o sf n s;/L ljTof] < ufpF 3/df a'af cfdfsf] s[lif sfo{df ;xof]u k'ofpFb} ufpFdf sv/f tyf !, @ l;sfpg] lzIfsaf6 c+s cIf/ lrg] s f] / kl5 axfb'/] k|f=lj=af6 k|fylds tx;Ddsf] lzIff k"/f u/L !% jif{ s} pd] / df pd] / a9fO{ a]nfotL ;]gfdf elt{ eO{ of] . vfnL v ' f lx8\g'kg]{, Gofgf] sk8f b]Vg klg kfO{b}gYof] . t T sfn L g ;d o d f ufpF3 /sf] b}lgsL s:tf] lyof] < d'Votof v]tLkftL ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ ufpFaf;L v]tL ug]{, kz'kfng ug]{ uy]{ . ljsf;sf s'/ f ubf{ d'Vo s] s] sfdx? x'G y] ufpF3 /df < cf] xf] clxn]sf] h:tf] sxfF lyof] / :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] wd{ sf nflu af6f], kfgL, rf}tf/f agfpg] uy]{ . a}7 s e]nf eg]sf] vfnL jif{sf] ! k6s ufpF e] nf x ' G Yo f] . kfO { k

nfO{gsf] kfgL, ljh'nL, df]6/ af6f] , kmf] gdf s'/ f ug]{ t sNkgf eGbf 6f9fsf s'/f lyof] . cfkm"nfO{ geO{ gx'g] s'/f g'g, t]n, d;nf lsGg kf] v /f cfpg' kYof] { .

:y fgLo lgjf{ r gdf lgjf{ lrt ePkl5 u/] sf d'Vo d'Vo s'/fx? s] s] x'g < ebf} /] tfdfuL uflj; sf:sLsf] klZrddf kg]{ clt

hf]8 nufO{of] / s]xL j8fdf ljh' n L aflnof] . kl5 uflj;df lePr Pkm kmf]g nfOg /fv] / ;~rf/sf] Aoj:yf ul/of] . dflg;x? ljb]z af6 cfPsf] kmf] gdf

emf]nfdf rfdn lnP/ cfof], s;} n fO{ ksfO{ lbg eGof] u'Gb|'s eft vfof] . clxn]sf] h:tf] vfgfsf] s] s'/f ug'{, uha nfU5 clxn] t . ;a} ufpFn ] ldn] / aif{sf] !@ k6s af6f] 3 f6f] ;kmfO{ ul/GYof] .

ljs6 uflj; xf] . kf]v/faf6 df]6/af6f] gx'Fbf 306f}+ nfu] / k' Ug' kYof] { . ljh'nL, 6]lnkmf]g / df]6/ af6f] lyPg . t;y{ ;j{k|yd ljh ' n L afNgsf n flu ;DalGwt lgsfodf k' lu nfut lgsfn]n ljh'nL afNg

s' /f ug{ nfO{gdf a:y] . kl5 df]6/ af6f] lgdf{0fsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfF8] ebf}/] / 7"nfv]t tfdfuL ;Dd af6f] hf]8\g] kxn ul/of] t/ :yfgLon] af6f] nfg] nfO{g / cfkm\gf] hUuf kbf{ u/]sf]

cj/f] w n] lgs} cK7\ o f/f] kof], ufnL uy]{ t/ hlt ufx \ f ] eP k lg slRr df]6/af6f]n] hf]8]kl5 clxn] lgoldt hLk, a; x/] s j8fdf rn]sf]n] ;xh ePsf] 5 . ;d'bfo v' l; 5g\ . ;fwg r9]/ ahf/ cfpF5g\\, cfkm\ g f] pTkfbg ahf/ k'ofpF5g\ clg lj/fdL kbf{ dflg;nfO{ 8f]sf]df af]Sg' kg]{ afWotf x6]sf] 5 . oBlk jiff{ o fddf lgoldt uf8L rNb}gg\ . oL af6fx?sf] :t/ pGglt ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;fy} cF w] /L vf]n f / o" vf]nfdf kmnfd] emf]n'] k'nsf nflu ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/L lgdf{ 0 f ul/of] ;\ . lzIff / :jf:Yo tkm{ s]x L kxn ug'{e of] ls < o;sf nflu klg :yfgLo lgsfo ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf cg' ? k uflj; cWoIfsf] gftfn] a]n fa] n fdf k| T o] s ljBfno k' U g] , lzIfs, cleefjs;Fu s'/fsfgL ug]{, ljBfyL{ x ?nfO{ eljiosf] af/] d f ;Demfpg] ugf{ n ] ljBfnosf] jftfj/0fdf s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsf] lyof] . cem} dxTjk"0f{ t pgLx?nfO{ af6f] b] v fpgfn ] s] xL ljBfyL{ n ] t lgs} k| ult u/] sf] ;' G 5' d . v' z L nfU5 ., :jf:Yosf nflu eg] ;'wf/ Nofpg vf;} s]xL ePg . a]nfa]nfdf ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt;Fu /x]/ cGt/lqmof ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . uflj;sf] Aoj:yfkgsf af/] df < ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f rflx d]/f] sfo{sfnsf] oxL

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xf] . nfdf] ;dob]lv s' g} klg sfo{fno ljgf AolQmsf] 3/ cfugdf sfof{no /fVg] / a} 7 s ;~rfng ug] { ul/GYof] . To;}n] uflj;sf] cfk m\ g } sfof{ n o ejg rflxG5 egL df5fk' R 5" ] ljsf; ;F3;Fu ldn]/ ebf}/] tfdfuL uflj;sf] j8f g+= # df # sf]7] sfof{no ;lxt a} 7s sf] 7f ePsf] k|ofKt ejg uflj;sf] gfddf hUuf

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o;sf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu ;j{ k | y d # j6} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;F u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ubf{ ub}{ tTsflng ;efkltsf] /fo ;Nnfx cg';f/ o; If]qsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu u'?of]h gf agfpg] s' / f r Nof] . To;kl5 ! k~rf;] If] q ljsf; pkef] Q mf ;ldlt u7g ul/of] / k| lwlglw d08n ;d]t sf7df08f}+df

;d] t agfO{ sfof{ n o ;~rfngdf NofO{of] . oBlk b] z sf] tTsflng 4Gbsf] sf/0f / df] 6/ af6f] n ] gh f] l 8Psf] sf/ 0f k| e fjsf/L ?kdf rNg ;s]sf] 5}g . k~rf;] If]qsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; af/]df oxfFsf] e"ldsf / k|of;sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fO{lbg' x'G5 ls < sf:sL, kj{t / :ofhf lhNnfsf] ;+ud :yn k~rf;] wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, h}ljs ljljwtfn] el/k" 0f{ :yn ePsf] s'/f dxz'; ePkl5

k'lu ljz]if t ko{6g, ;+:s[lt tyf gful/ s p8\ 8og dGqfnodf k'lu u'?of]hgfsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ ;xdlt kl5 tf/f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt nufot dflj;sf] ;xsfo{df u'? of]hgf tof/ kfl/of] . o;n] k~rf;] If]qs]f ljsf; / ;+/If0fsf nflu 9f]sf v' Nof] . xfn ;f]xL cg'?k sfo{x? ;/sf/L lgsfo / ljleGg ;xof]uL ;+ 3 ;+ :yfsf] ;xsfo{ d f eO{/x] sf 5g\ . d ljb]z tkm{ nfu] klg lg/Gt/ ?kdf df5fk' R 5] ljsf; ;F 3

nufot :yfgLo ;fyLx? ;lq motfk" j { s sfo{ ul//xg' e Psf] 5 / vfg] k fgL, af6f] 3f6f] , wd{ z fnf, ko{ 6g ljsf; nufot ;+ / If0fsf y' k | } sfo{x? eO{/x]sf 5g\ . b] z ljb] z d f ;d] t /x]/ sfd u/]sf] gftfn] s]x L eGg'k g]{ 5 ls < xfd|f] b]z g]kfn lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ ldn]/ ag]sf] h}ljs ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ ;' G b/ b] z xf] . o;sf] hn;Dkbf pkof]u ug{ ;s], ko{6g ljsf; ug{ ;s] b]z l5} ;d[4 x'g ;S5 . o;sf nflu b]zsf] d"n sfg'g aGg kof] / :yfoL ;/sf/n] lb3{sflng gLlt lgdf{0f u/L of]hgf a4 9+un] sfd ug{ ;s] eljio pHHjn 5 . u| f d L 0 f ;~ r f/ sf af/]d f s]x L s'/ f < ;~rf/ clxn]sf] o'usf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . o;n] ubf{ ;+ ;f/ ;fgf] ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg clxn] df]afOn ;]jfn] s]xL ;xh ePsf] 5 . cem} u| f dL0f If] q df o;sf] k| e fjsfl/tf a9fpg cfjZos 5 . ufpF3 /df kqklqsfsf] kx'Fr k'ofpg' kg]{5 . o; k~rf;] klqsf h'g g]kfns} klxnf] ufpFaf6 lg:sg] klqsf ePsf] 5 . o;n] v]n]sf] e"ldsf k|lt cfef/ k| s6 ub} { o;sf kl/sNkgfsf/ x]d u'?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . ;fy} o;sf] cem} yk ljsf;sf] sfdgf ub}{ o; klqsf dfkm{t d]/f] ljrf/ /fVg lbg'ePsf]df ;d]t wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

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s'g} klg ljsf;sf] qmddf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf / ;/sf/L gLlt lgodn] ;d]t ;s/f/Tds jf gs/fTds 5fk kf/]sf] x'G5 . To:t} af6f]df df5fk'R5] ljsf; ;+3n] sf:sL lhNnfsf s]xL uflj;x? v] n ] sf] ;s/fTds pHofnf] Ps k|sf/sf] ljz]if 5fk k/]sf] b]lvG5 . :yfkgf sfnaf6 o;sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L lnFb} cl3 a9\bf bf]af6f]df b]lvg] tyf psNrg] ;d:ofnfO{ ;lhnf] tl/sfn] lgjf/0f u/L 9'Sssf] xds]/f] km]/ fpFb} pHofnf] ;sf/fTds hLjg ofkgdf ;'ulGwt /f;} v8f u/L xf};nfdf ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgoddf ;'gf}nf] kf6f] v8f u/L lbPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] gLlt cg';f/ @) jif]{ :jf:Yo of]hgf nfu' u/L o;sf] k"/f ljsf;df h/}b]lv of] dflj; ;dlk{ t eP/ nflu k/] sf] sf/0faf6 sf:sL lhNnfn] ;d]t k|yd :yfg cf]u6]/ uf}/jsf] ku/L u'yfP/ of] lhNnfdf /xg' tyf ;/sf/L sfof{no ;~rfng ug'{ ePsf ;'zf;gsf] 8f]/f] alnof] u/L ;dft]/ p7\g 'kg]{ a] nfsf] dx;'; ePsf] kQf kfO{ h/km/fpFb} ug'{ ePsf dfly b]lv tn ;Dd st{JonfO{ sfFwdf /fvL z'elrGts sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t pHofnf] uf}/jsf] dxz'; u/fpgdf ultnf] u'g nufP/ v'zL kfof] . lsgeg] tf]/ g t'ndf n]v]sf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] v'nf lb;f d'Qm lhNnf eGg] klxnf] s'/f] b]Vg]n] atfPsf] s'/fdf kSsf :ofaf;L p7]sf] 5 . xfdL of] s'/fdf olt dfly eof] ls s;/L dfkg ug]{ . g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] ult cufnf] df/L kfNg'x'g] ljb]zL cfb/0fLo kfx'gfsf] dg lhTgdf k|d'v sf/0f lgdf{0fdf kSsf of] s'/fn] kof] cf] u6] sf] 5 . o;n] kf]v /fsf] rfxgfdf Ps vfn] ;[hgfTds ;f]rsf] ljhf/f]k 0f u/]sf] dxz' ; kmfNfs'b\ b} cfpF b } 5 . o:tf s' / fdf /fi6 s f] l9s'6Ldf hDdf x'g] /sddf ko{6ssf] ofqf nfdf] v'zL nfUbf] /dfO{nf] /f]rs cfgGbbfoL / k6s k6s cfpg]

wd{ lu/L
jftfj/0fsf] l;/fgL prf] kf/]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} k~rf;]sf] gfddf /f]lkPsf ;fdflhs hLjgdf knfPsf ;'vb s'/fdf ;a}sf] pTyfgsf] Pl/of rf/}lt/ c+s'/fP/ cfPsf 5g\ . xfdL vf; u|fdL0f :t/df a;]/ ePklg ljZjsf] ;fd' ;do tyf /fd|f] sfd ug]{df ulgPsf 5f}+ . lsgeg] xl/t s0f{ h:tf s'/fsf] ljrf/ u/L jftfj/0fdf g/fd|f ] k|e fj kg{ glbg] cf}hf/ lgdf{0f u/L jgsf] arfj6 tyf a[Iff/f]k0f u/L xl/ofnLn] pQ/ lbg ;kmn 5f}+ . cNkljsl;t /fi6n] tyf ljsf;pGd'v /fi6"n] kfpg'kg]{ ;'ljwfsf] af6f]df g]kfnnfO{ b/f] kf/L pEofpg] sfdsf] ;d]t psf;]/ xFl;nf] cg'xf/ b]vfO{ k|fKt ul/g] ;xof]udf sGh';fO{ gxf]nf . ljZj ljsf; h:tf ljQLo ;+:yfn] x]g]{ x]/fO{df g]kfnsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ ;'rf kSsf klg sDtL gb]lvPnf . oltn] dfq ge} dfgjtfsf] nflu rflxg] cfwf/e"t s'/fsf] k"/f km]/f] nufP/ j[ Iff/f]k 0f, v]t LafnL, gofF a}1flgs k|ljlwsf] kz'kfng /f]huf/sf ultnf cj;/ tyf af]nLrfnL a;fO{ p7fO{, ;Eotfsf] d'xf/df rds Nofpg] s'/fdf tflnd uf]i7L, e]nf kl/rofTds sfo{nfO{ dfly /fvL sfd ul//xg'df lgle{stfdf cfF l6nf] ;fxf; p7]/ rf/} lt/ x]/] sf] kfO{G5 . ljleGg ;dodf uflj; :t/df rflnPsf ;fdflhs xLtsf s'/fdf oL s'/fsf] klx/gdf ;fFw nufP/ /fv]sf] kfO{G5 . of] s'/fsf] lgDtL cfb/0fLo ;+:yfks Ho"x?df kljqfsf] dgf]efjl;t lr/fo'sf] sfdgf /fVg' ;+odn] prfn]sf]

kljq pHofnf] Hof]ltn] k'sf/L /x]sf] 5 . r]tgfdf nfdf] ;do;Dd nflu k/L uflj; :t/df ;~rflnt ;a} k|sf/sf k|fYfflds ljBfno= b]lv uflj; ;Ddsf ljBfnodf r]tgfdf v/f] kfO{g /fvL k|To]ssf] 3/df k'u L jsfnt ul//x]sf] s'/fn] ;fob afns, j[4 , k' ?if, dlxnf, ljBfyL{, sd{r f/L, ;}l gs, xflsd, snfsf/, v]nf8L, ls;fgL eb| enfbdL tyf ufpF :t/df a:g] ;a}sf] dgdf k'uL lr/lGhjL ePsf] kfO{G5 . xfdL of] ;+:yf arfpg] / of] ultdf Nofpg ;Sg] sfddf nflu kg'{ePsf ;+3 ;+:yf k|lt klg ;'gf}nf] dgn] lz/dfyL xft /fvL clegGbg ub{5f}+ . Tof] klg dfgj ;d'bfodf va/ gul/ cfpg] ljkbsf] lgaf/0fsf] nflu s/]nL xfnL r]tgfsf] /fFsf] afnL rnfPsf] cleofgn] Ps k|sf/sf] h'gL km]l/Psf] h:tf] 5fk k/]sf] 5 . of] sfd k'/f ug]{ lhDdf lng'ePsf cfb/0fLo g]tT [ jbfoLx?sf] cys k|of; / sd{ rf/Lsf] ;' gf}n f] pHofnf] ;f] rdf dflydfly cfsfzdf tf/f /x] h:t} ;f]r /fv]/ of] 7fpFn] kfpg'kg]{ lj1n] k|ult u/]sf s'/fsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljsf;sf] kmn k|fKt u/L cfgGbsf] 6f]kL dfly uf}/jtfsf] km]tf ;]tf] b]vfpg] s'/fdf zflGt If]q eGg dg k/fpg] sfdsf] oqf] 7"nf] km]/f] ;dft]/ sfd u/]sf] s'/fdf s:n] s'/f sf6\g ;Snf, lzlIft dflg;sf] cfTdfdf a;]sf] ljj]ssf] :yfgaf6 s:n] k|z; + f gunf{ < oL ;a} s'/fsf] ;kmntfdf ;/sf/L gLlt lgodn] ;d]t dg k/fpg] s'/f afn Sna u7g u/L g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] s'/fdf eljion] tfs]tf ul//x]sf] ljZj aGw'Tjsf] efjgf kSsf p7]/ pHofnf] 6x 6x 3fd nfP ;/x x'g] s'/fdf ;+st ] ePsf] 5 . of] ;a} s'/fdf dflj;n] b/f] TofuL efjgf /fv]/ cfkm"nfO{ alnbfgL u/]sf] k|df0f htftt} af]n/ ] k|z; + f u/]sf] s'/faf6 wGojfbsf] kfq aGg Psbd ld7f] / :jflbnf] x'g] s'/fdf of] k~rf;] If]q Pj+ o;sf] hfgsf/L lnPsfn] clu|d :yfgdf k'g k|ultsf] nflu wGojfb lbb} k|z+;f ub{5f}+ .

km]jf tfn hnfwf/ If]qsf ;fd'bflos jgx?df 3'DtL sf]ifsf :yfkgf


!@ km]jf tfn hnfwf/ If]qsf lgDg afDbLle/, /fO{ e08f/, esfh' { , s/fsf]6, lrlnd] 8fF8f / 7f]6\g] vf]nf ;fd'bflos jgx ?df /x] s f jg sf pkef]Qmfx? lhljsf]kfh{gsf nflu cfocfh{ gsf sfo{ x? ug{ sf] nflu ;xof] u k| fKt ePsf] 5 . lrtjg cGgk"0f{ e"kl/lw leq hnjfo' kl/jt{ g sf gs/fTds k|efjx? / h}ljs ljljwtfdf x'g] hf]lvdx?nfO{ Go' l gs/0f ug{ ] , p] Zon] ;+rflnt xl/of] jg sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s sfo{sd | adf]lhd 8An'

@)&) sflt{s

k |l ; 4 k ~ r f ; ]

lh=k|=sf= sf:sL btf{ g+=@^#)^&)^* kf]=If]=x'=lg=btf{ g+= @&)%@)%#

/0fgLlts of]h gf th d { ' f uf]i 7L c fof]h gf


df5fk' R5] ljsf; ;+3 n] ut @% jif{ b] l v k~rf;] I f ] q j/ k / l jl e Gg jftfj/0f ;+ / If0f tyf Plss[t ; fd'bflos ljsf;sf sfo{x ? ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] dfWofdaf6 ub} { } cfO{ / x] s f] 5 . o;} /ht jif{ ufF7 ;Dd cfO{ k'U bf ;/;kmfO{, ;+/If0f, ;x sf l/t f, ;f d' b fl os ljsf;, ;zlQms/0fsf If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLx? klg xfl;n u/] sf] 5 . o;} lznlznfdf cjsf efjL lbgx?df ;+ :yfn] s' g s' g sfo{ q md tyf ef} u f] l ns If]qdf s] s:tf] Wo] o tyf nIf / p2] Zosf ;fy sfo{ ug]{ / tL nIf k|flKtsf nflu s] s:tf /0fg Llt / sfo{ qmdx? ;~rfng ug] { e Gg ] p 2 ] Z o s f ; f y kf]v /fdf ! lbg] /0fgLlts o f ] h g f t h ' { d f u f ] i7 L ;~rfng ul/of] . ;f] uf] l i7df ;+ : yfsf sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?, sd{ r f/Lx? tyf ; d'bfosf s]xL k| l tlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x] sf] lyof] . uf] l i7n] vf; u / L c e m } ; + / I f 0f / ;fd' b flos ljsf;df hf] 8 lbF b} k|s[ lt ;+u t ;dtfd"n s / ;d[4 ; dfhsf] :yfkgfsf nflu h} l js / cfw' l gs s[ l if k| 0 ffnL, lzIff, k| f s[ l ts ;Dkbf ;fk] I f / lg/kIf ;+ / If0f / ko{ 6 gsf] dfWod4f/f cfly{ s ljsf;, ;fdflhs

8An' Pkm, g] k fn dfkm{ t df5fk'R5] ljsf; ;+3df pNn]v eP cg';f/ km]jf tfn hnfwf/ If]qsf ;fd'bflos jg leqsf lhljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jgdf

cfl>t ju{x?sf cfocfh{gsf cj;/x?df a[l4 ub}{ qmlds ?kdf lbuf] hLlasf]kfh{g ug]{ x]t'n] 3'DtL sf]ifsf] dfWodaf6 k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug{sf

nflu ;DjlGwt uflj;df /x]sf jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= nfO{ kl/rflnt ub} { afDbLle/, /fO{ e08f/, esfh' { , s/fsf]6, lrlnd] 8fF8f / 7f]6\g] vf]nf ;fd'bflos jgsf !#) pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ /sd k|bfg ul/Psf] / pgLx?n] k|fKt /sdsf] ljleGg k|of]hgsf]] tyf pQm /sd jgdf k|ToIf c;/ gug] { ul/ x' g ] cfocfh{g sf sfo{sf nflu k| o f] u u/] sf] hfgfsf/L df5fk' R5] ljsf; ;+ 3 sf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs ljdn axfb'/ s'j F /n] atfP . Gofosf] cEof; / ;dfhsf] Plss[ t lbuf] ljsf; ug] { n I o s f ; f y l jl jw /0fgLltx? to u/]sf] 5 . /0fg Lltsf cfwf/df / r g f T d s s f o{ q m dx ? ;~rfng ug{ ljz] if hf] 8 lbO{ g] 5 . ;f] sfo{ qmdsf] lh Nn f /] 8q md z fv f sf:sLsf ;efklt /fdk|; fb 1jfnL / jftfj/0f ljb 8f= l jh os ' d f/ l ;+ xn ] ;x hL s/ 0f u g' { e Ps f] lyof] .

kqrf/sf] 7]ufgf (Mailing Address) "Panchase" P.O.Box- 161


Pokhara, Nepal Fax: 0977-61-522653 Email: ppanchase@gmail.com Website: www.mdonepal.org

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