THERMAL POLLUTION

Done by Danish Tamboli Class 9B Date of Submission:-18-NOV-13

DEFINITION
ADDITION OF EXCESS OF UNDESIRABLE HEAT TO WATER THAT MAKES IT HARMFUL TO MAN, ANIMAL OR AQUATIC LIFE.

CAUSES
DISCHARGE OF HEATED WATER OR HOT WASTE MATERIAL INTO WATER BODIES FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS DOMESTIC SEWAGE HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Nuclear power plants use water as a cooling agent. After the water is used, it is put back into a water supply at 9-20oC Emissions from nuclear reactor increase the temperature of water bodies.

Coal-fired power plants

Coal is utilized as a fuel Condenser coils are cooled with water from nearby lake or river The heated effluents decrease

the DO of water
Damages the marine organisms

Industrial Effluents
Discharged water from steam-electric power industry
using turbo generators will have a higher temperature ranging from 6 to 9C than the receiving water In modern stations, producing 100 MW, nearly one million gallons are discharged in an hour with increase

in temperature of the cooling water passing by 8 to 10 C

Domestic sewage
Sewage is commonly discharged into lakes, canals or streams Municipal sewage normally has a higher temperature than the receiving water

Increase in temperature of the receiving

water decreases the DO of water. The foul smelling gases increased in water resulting in death of marine organisms

Hydro electric power generation

Generation of hydroelectric power sometimes results in negative thermal loading in water systems Creates less heat on water sources less than nuclear power plant

EFFECTS OF INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURE

Thermal shock aquatic life adapted to a certain water temperature can go into shock when the temperature is changed even 1 or 2 degrees C.

Oxygen dissolved in water decreases

Increases the rate of photosynthesis, which increases the amount of plant growth, developing eutrophic conditions Increases the metabolic rate of fish which increases their need for oxygen.

CONTROL MEASURES

Cooling towers Cooling ponds Spray ponds

Artificial lakes