Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

CHNG 1: GII THIU V VIDEO V CAMERA GIM ST

1.1 GII THIU CHNG Ni dung chnh ca chng ny l tm hiu cc khi nim, phn loi, v cc thng s c bn ca Camera v Video lm tin cho x l nh. Cui cng chng ta cng nh gi cc loi Camera hot ng trong nhng iu kin khc nhau. Xc nh chun Camera cng nh Video no p dng trong ti ny. 1.2 S TNG QUT CA CAMERA GIM ST

Hnh 1.1 S h thng Camera v cc thit b ngoi vi [16] Trong s trn d liu thu c t Camera s c lu tr trong b DVR lu tr hnh nh, v t a v my tnh x l v hin th ln mn hnh gim st. ng thi cng kt ni vi Internet c th chia s d liu v thng tin. Camera thng c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh dn dng (nh ) kt hp

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

vi h thng gim st trong nh thng minh, hay trong bnh vin, v n c dng nhiu nht l trong qun l, gim st trong giao thng

Hnh 1.2 ng dng Camera gim st trong giao thng [16] 1.3 TNG QUAN V CAMERA S 1.3.1 Khi nim Camera l mt thit b ghi hnh. N c th gip bn ghi li hnh nh trong mt khong thi gian no v lu tr li cc d liu hnh nh ny. 1.3.2 Phn loi * C 3 cch phn loi Camera Phn loi theo k thut hnh nh Phn loi theo k thut ng truyn Phn loi theo tnh nng s dng - Phn loi theo k thut hnh nh: + Camera Analog: Ghi hnh vo bng t v x l tn hiu tng t, x l tn hiu mu Vector mu, loi Camera ny hin nay t dng. + Camera CCD: S dng k thut CCD nhn bit hnh nh. K thut CCD l tp hp nhng tch in c th cm nhn nh sng, sau chuyn tn hiu nh sng sang tn hiu s x l. Hin nay ch c 2 hng sn xut l: Sony v Sharp.

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

+ Camera CMOS: L cc loi Camera s dng cng ngh CMOS, loi ny cho hnh nh r nt hn Camera Analog, nhng gi thnh cn kh cao nn cha th p ng c nhu cu ca th trng. - Phn loi theo k thut ng truyn + Camera c dy: Tnh an ton cao, bo mt tt, thng c s dng truyn tn hiu trn dy cp ng trc khong 75 Ohm- 1Vpp. Nu truyn xa hn 300m th phi c b khuych i trnh suy hao tn hiu trn ng truyn. Loi ny ang c dng trn Hm ng B Hi Vn. + Camera khng dy: u im l d thi cng v c lp t ti nhng ni c a hnh phc tp kh i dy. Nhng n s dng tn s v tuyn t: 1.2 n 2.4Mhz truyn tn hiu, nn d b bt sng v b nhiu bi cc ngun khc nh in thoi di ng. V vy n c nh gi l khng an ton. + Camera IP: c kt ni trc tip vo mng, tn hiu hnh nh v iu khin c truyn qua mng. Vi Camera IP ngi dng c th iu khin v gim st bt c u thng qua mng Internet.

Hnh 1.3 Camera c dy v Camera khng dy [16] - Phn loi theo tnh nng s dng + Camera p trn: Thng c lp t trong nh, do c tnh bo mt cao. + Camera n: C nhiu hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau nn rt kh nhn bit c. c ng dng nh mt thit b pht hin khi. + Camera IR: l loi c kh nng quan st m. + Camera PTZ: l loi c kh nng qut ngang, qut dc, phng to, thu nh gip pht hin i tng mt cch d dng. V ngoi ra n c kh nng lp trnh

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

c hot ng, nn hin nay n ang c dng ph bin trong i sng nh giao thng, bnh vin cng nh phc v trong nghin cu. 1.3.3 Cc thng s c bn ca Camera - S hnh trn giy: Ty vo ng dng m chng ta c th la chn thng s ny. - phn gii: phn gii cng ln th cht lng hnh nh cng nt. Thng th trong cc ng dng khng cn thit phi quan st hnh nh r nt th phn gii 480 TV lines (s ng qut ngang) l c th chp nhn c. - Cng nh sng nh nht: Thng c tnh bng Lux. Thng s ny ngha l Camera ch c th hot ng cng nh sng ln hn cng nh sng nh nht. Trong nhng iu kin qu ti, nu Camera khng c chc nng hng ngoi th s khng hot ng c. nh nng mt tri (4000 lux), my (1000 lux), nh sng n tut (500 lux), m khng trng (0.0001 lux). Nn tt nht chng ta nn s dng Camera c kh nng t iu chnh cng sng. - Gc quan st: c gi l gc m (k hiu l d). V chng ta c th quy i: + 2.8mm : 105 + 3.6mm : 90 + 4mm : 85 + 6mm : 70 + 8mm : 55 1.3.4 H thng Camera quan st Ngy nay h thng Camera an ninh tr nn ht sc thng dng i vi mi ngi v c th c lp t gim st hot ng ca mi ni nh cc nh my, vn phng, c quan x nghip, khch sn, ca hng,v.v m khng cn phi i n tn ni quan st hoc c th bt c u, bt c lc no m vn theo di c cng vic hng ngy din ra. H thng ny gip cho nhng nh qun l c th kim sot cng vic mt cch cht ch hn, tit kim c chi ph v lm cho hnh nh ca doanh nghip c chuyn nghip, hin i hn.

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

Trong ti ny s dng Camera Nikon Cool S2600 vi cc thng s k thut sau: B cm bin hnh nh ( 1/ 2.3 CCD), phn gii nh ln nht, t ng iu chnh sng, nh dng phim (MPEG). 1.4 TNG QUAN V VIDEO 1.4.1 Khi nim Thut ng Video dng ch ngun thng tin hnh nh trc quan, bao gm mt chui cc nh tnh lin tip nhau, c sp xp theo chiu thi gian. Video cn c gi l nh thay i theo thi gian, k hiu l s( x1, x2, t), trong x1, x2 l cc bin ch v tr trong khng gian, cn t l bin thi gian. Xt v mt vt l, cp thp nht, Video tn ti di dng cc tn hiu. Ty thuc vo loi tn hiu thu c ta c 2 loi Video khc nhau: Video tun t v Video s. Tuy nhin d liu m chng ta x l l d liu video s v th ta ch tp trung vo vic tm hiu r v Video s. 1.4.2 Video s 1.4.2.1 Tn hiu Video s Tn hiu video s c lu tr di dng s, do chng c ly mu v lng t ha. Tn hiu video s l mt thng tin 3 chiu gm 2 chiu khng gian v 1 chiu thi gian hay cn c gi l chui nh s vi mi nh s l mt nh c ly mu v lng t ha.

Hnh 1.4 Chui cc nh trong video s [7] 1.4.2.2 Cu trc ca Video Mt Video thng gm c nhiu cnh (scenes), mi cnh thng c mt hoc nhiu hn mt on (shot), mi on thng gm nhiu khung nh tnh ghp

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

vi nhau.

Mt on Video

Cc cnh t on Video (scenes)

Cc on trong 1 cnh (shot)

Cc khung nh tnh (Frames) Hnh 1.5 Cu trc ca Video [7] Khi phim c chiu, cc khung hnh ln lt c hin th mt tc nht nh. Tc ny thng thy cc nh dng Video khc nhau l 25 v 30 hnh/s. Nh vy mt gi Video s c s khung hnh tng ng l 90000 v 108000. D l Video nh dng no th n cng c dung lng rt ln nn nu x l vi tt c cc khung hnh th khng hiu qu. V vy cn phi phn on Video. Phn on Video l qu trnh phn tch v chia ni dung hnh nh ca Video thnh cc n v c s gi l shot. Vic ly mu chnh l chn gn ng mt Video i din cho mi shot v c gi l cc khung kha. Hay ni cch khc khung kha l hnh i din m t ni dung chnh ca shot. 1.4.2.3 Cc c trng chnh ca Video Video c 4 c trng chnh l: mu (color), texture (kt cu), hnh dng

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

(shape), v s chuyn ng (motion). - Mu: N l mt thuc tnh quan trng ca nh. Biu mu biu din s phn b mu l mt c trng ph bin nht hin nay. Biu mu khng ph thuc vo s quay, dch chuyn cng nh chiu nhn nh. Tnh hiu qu ca n ph thuc vo h mu v phng php nh lng c dng. C mt vn vi biu mu l n khng biu din thng tin v khng gian phn b cc im nh, do hai nh c cng biu mu c th c ni dung rt khc nhau. - Kt cu: y l mt c trng quan trng ca b mt, ni xy ra vic lp li mu c bn. C hai dng biu din kt cu ph bin: biu din dng ma trn ng thi v biu din Tamura. - Hnh dng: cc c trng hnh dng c th c biu din s dng phn tch hnh dng truyn thng nh bt bin momen, m t Fourier, m hnh hc t ng quay lui v cc thuc tnh hnh hc. Cc c trng ny c th c phn chia thnh c trng ton cc v c trng cc b. c trng ton cc l c trng thuc tnh thu c t ton b hnh dng nh, chng hn nh chu vi, tnh trn, momen trung tm, hng trc chnhc trng cc b l c trng thu c t vic thao tc vi mt phn ca nh, khng ph thuc vo ton b nh. - Chuyn ng: N l thuc tnh quan trng ca Video. Thng tin chuyn ng c th c sinh ra bng cc k thut ghp khi hoc lung nh sng. Cc c trng chuyn ng nh momen ca trng chuyn ng, biu chuyn ng, hoc l cc tham s chuyn ng ton cc c th c trch chn t vector chuyn ng. Cc c trng mc cao phn nh di chuyn ca Camera nh qut, nghing, phng to, thu nh cng c th c trch chn. 1.4.2.4 u im v nhc im ca Video s u im: Vi tn hiu s, ta khng cn phi chuyn i gia cc tn hiu nh trong tn hiu tun t. Ngoi ra, cn c th chnh sa, to cc hiu ng trn tn hiu video s. Video s khng ch c vai tr gii tr m n cn cung cp cho chng ta nhiu thng tin quan trng trong nhiu lnh vc nh l cc nh gim st qun s,

Chng 1: Gii thiu v Video v Camera gim st

iu khin giao thng, v rt trch thng tin t cc d liu nh v video. Nhc im: Nhc im ca video s l n i hi khi lng lu tr ln v bng thng rng truyn ti. Do hin nay ngi ta ang nghin cu cc phng php nn video gim kch thc ca n. 1.4.2.5 Chun Video s - AVI l mt a phng tin nh dng ca hng Microsoft c gii thiu vo thng 11 nm 1992. AVI l tp tin c th cha c m thanh v video d liu cho php ng b tp tin m thanh vi video. y l mt trong nhng nh dng video chun v c ng dng kh rng ri nn ti s chn nh dng AVI lm nh dng cho cc tp tin video x l, v th t y v sau khi cp n video tc l cp n video s vi nh dng AVI. 1.5 KT LUN CHNG Trong chng ny chng ta tm hiu c cc khi nim, thng s c bn, cu trc ca Camera s v Video. ti ny s p dng chun Video AVI. V s dng khung nh vi nh dng JPG c trch ra t Video trn. Sau s s l cc nh tnh JPG ny truy vt i tng vi phng php tr nn v lung quang hc. y cng l ni dung chnh m trong chng tip theo s c cp.