Prof.

Vinay Pandit

CPM and PERT A project is defined as a combination of inter related activities that must be executed in a
certain order before the entire task can be completed. The activities are inter related in a logical se uence in the !a" that some activities cannot start until other are competed. An activit" in a project is usuall" vie!ed as a job re uiring time and recourses for its competition. Project management has evolved as a ne! field !ith the development of t!o anal"tic techni ues for planning scheduling and controlling of projects. These are the critical path method #CPM$ and the project evaluation and revie! techni ue #PERT$. PERT and CPM are basicall" time anointed methods in the sense that the" both lead to determination of a time schedule. %oth techni ues are usuall" referred as &Project scheduling' techni ues. Project scheduling b" PERT(CPM consist of three phases.

% Planning C )cheduling * Controlling

A. P+A,,-,./ The planning phase is 0111 b" breaking do!n the project into distinct
Activities. The time extras for the another are then determined and a net!ork #2r arro!$ diagram is constructed !ith each of in ARC) #arro!s$ re(presenting of the interdependencies bet!een the activities of the project. The construction of the arro! diagram in a planning phase has the advantage of stud"ing the different jobs in details. Perhaps suggesting improvement before the project is actuall" executed.

%. )C3E*4+-,./ The ultimate objective of the scheduling phase is to construct a time

Chart sho!ing the start and finish times for each activit" as !ell as its relationship to 2ther activities in the project. -n addition5 the schedule must pin(point the critical Activities !hich re uire special attention if the project is to be completed on time. 6or The non(critical activities the schedule must sho! the amount of slack or float time 7hich can be used.

O R -MMS

Prof. Vinay Pandit

ACT-8-T9/ The head of the arro! indicated !here task ends and the tail !here task Ends and the tail !here the task begin. E8E,T)/ An event represent a point in time that signifies the completion of some Activities and the beginning of ne! ones. E.g. !all built5 foundations dug etc. *4MM9 ACT-8-T-E)/ -t is an activit" !hich does not consume time or resources. ,ET72R:)/ This is the combination of activities5 dumm" activities and events. CR-T-CA+ PAT3/ -t gives shortest time in !hich the !hole project can be competed.
1. The construction of a building or a high!a".

;. Planning and launching a ne! project. <. -nstalling and debugging a computer s"stem. *-66ERE,CE) %ET7EE, CPM = PERT >. CPM is activit" oriented i.e. CPM net!ork is built on the basis of activities. Also result 2f carious calculation are considered in terms of activities of the project. 2n the other hand5 PERT is event oriented. ;. CPM is a deterministic model i.e. it dose not take into account the uncertainties -nvolved in the estimation of time for execution of a job or an activit". -t completel" -gnores the probabilistic element of the problem. PERT ho!ever is a probabilistic Model. -t uses three estimates of the activit" time( optimistic5 pessimistic and most +ikel" !ith a vie! to take into account time uncertaint". This the expected duration of Each activit" is probabilistic indicates that there is fift" percent probabilit" of getting The job done !ithin the time.
4. CPM place dual emphasis on time and cost and evaluate the trade off bet!een project

Cost and project time. %" deplo"ing allo!s the project manager to manipulate project duration !ithin certain limits so that project duration can be shortened to an optimal cost. 2n the other hand / PERT is primanl" concerned !ith time. -t helps the manager to schedule and co(ordinate various activities so that the project can be completed on schedule time. 6+2AT/ 6loat is the flexibilit" available in an" activit" !hich can be absorbed either b" dela"ing that activit" or b" enlarging its duration.

O R -MMS

Prof. Vinay Pandit

There is no difference bet!een float and slack. 6+2AT refers to an activit" and )+AC: refers to an event. >. T2TA+ 6+2AT/ The total float of an activit" represents the amount of time b" !hich An activit" can be dela"ed !ithout dela"ing the project completion date. Total float ? +6(E6 ? +)(E) ;. 6REE 6+2AT/ 6ree float is that portion of the total float !ithin an activit" can be Manipulated !ithout affecting the float of subse uent activities. 6ree float ? Total float @ 3ead slack <. -,*EPE,*E,CE 6+2AT/ This is the amount of time an activities are completed as +ate as possible and all succeeding activities are completed as late possible and all succeeding activities started as earl" as possible. -ndependence float ? 6ree float @ Tail slack A. -,TER6ER-,. 6+2AT/ -nterfering float is that part of the total float !hich causes a Reduction in the float of the successor activities. -nterfering float ? +6 @ E)B> 7here B> indicates succeeding activit"

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