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Control of Microbial Growth
Control of Microbial Growth
Chapter 7
History
Nursery Rhyme
Epidemic swept thru Europe in the Middle Ages (13th and 14th centuries) 40 million people were killed
About 1/3 of the population of the continent
Etiological agent:
Yersinia pestis Gram (-) rod
2 Vectors
Rat Flea
4. Hemorrhaging occurs in lymph nodes, resulting in black and blue swellings or Buboes (hence the name Bubonic Plague or Black Death)
5. If untreated, about 50 % Mortality Rate 6. If bacteria spread to the lungs, it becomes Pneumonic Plague and is now highly contagious (Almost a 99 % Mortality Rate)
Nursery Rhyme
Ring - a - ring of rosies, A pocketful of posies Achoo ! Achoo !
Smallpox
1. Physical
2. Chemical
Terms used:
Disinfection
destroying pathogens or unwanted organisms
Antiseptic
antimicrobial agent used on living tissue
1. Temp 2. Time 3. Concentration of Antimicrobial agent 4. Type of Microbe 5. Activity of Microbe 6. Presence of organic matter
1. Cell membrane
2. Enzymes & Proteins 3. DNA & RNA
1. Heat
works by denaturing enzymes and proteins
Moist Heat
1. Boiling Water
kills vegetative bacterial cells, Fungi and many viruses not effective for endospores and some viruses Hepititis (20 min) Some spores may survive boiling water for up to 20 hrs
Moist Heat
Kilit Ampule
Dry Heat
1. Direct Flaming
Inoculating Loop and Needle 100% effective
2. Incineration
disposable wastes (paper cups, bags, dressings)
Filtration
Radiation
1. Ionizing Radiation
gamma rays & x-rays
penetrates most substances
Radiation
2. Non-Ionizing Radiation
UV Light
does not penetrate plastic, glass or proteinaceous matter
Thymine Dimers
Pasteurization
Disinfection - not sterilization (removes unwanted organisms) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 63 C for 30 minutes 72 C for 15 seconds (HTST) Thermodurics
able to survive high temps.
1. Heat
Moist Heat
Boiling Water Steam Heat (Autoclave)
Dry Heat
Direct Flaming Incineration Hot Air Sterilization (Oven)
2. Filtration 3. Radiation
Ionizing Radiation Non-Ionizing Radiation
4. Pasteurization (Heat)