momentum

is a quantity that describes an object's resistance to stopping (a kind of "moving inertia"). is represented by the symbol p (boldface). is the product of an object's mass and velocity. p=mv is a vector quantity (since velocity is a vector and mass is a scalar). uses the SI unit kilogram meter per second [kg m/s].

impulse
is a quantity that describes the effect of a net force acting on an object (a kind of "moving force"). is represented by the symbol J (boldface). is the product of the average net force acting on an object and its duration. J = F t is the forcetime integral. J= F dt

is a vector quantity (since force is a vector and time is a scalar). uses the SI unit newton second [N s].

impulsemomentum theorem
The impulsemomentum theorem states that the change in momentum of an object equals the impulse applied to it. J = p If mass is constant, then F t = m v If mass is changing, then F dt = m dv + v dm The units of impulse and momentum are equivalent [N s = kg m/s]. The impulsemomentum theorem is logically equivalent to Newton's second law of motion (the force
law).