PHNG PHP GII BI TP V IN PHN

8 Thng Ging 2014 lc 17:21

I. Kin thc v ch
A. nh ngha

S in phn l qu trnh oxi ha kh xy ra b mt cc in cc khi c dng in mt chiu

i qua cht in li nng chy hoc dung dch cht in li.
+ Ti catot (cc m - ) xy ra qu trnh kh (nhn e)
+ Ti Anot (cc dng +) xy ra qu trnh OXH (cho e)+ ion (-) l anion (A) ; ion (+) l cation

Khc vi phn ng oxi ha kh thng thng, phn ng in phn do tc dng ca in nng

v cc cht trong mi trng in phn khng trc tip cho nhau electron m phi truyn qua dy
dn.
B. Cc trng hp in phn
1. in phn nng chy
Phng php in phn nng chy ch p dng iu ch cc kim loi hot ng rt mnh nh: Na,
K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Al
a) in phn nng chy oxit: ch p dng iu ch Al
+ Catot (-): Al3+ + 3e Al
+ Anot (+): 2O2- + 4e O2 Pt in phn: 2Al2O3 ----> 4Al+3O2
b) in phn nng chy hiroxit
in phn nng chy hiroxit ca kim loi nhm IA v , , iu ch cc kim loi tng ng.
2M(OH)n---->2M+n/2O2+nH2O
c) in phn nng chy mui clorua
in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi kim v kim loi kim th iu ch cc kim loi
tng ng.
MCln--->M+n/2Cl2
2. in phn dung dch
- p dng iu ch cc kim loi trung bnh, yu.
- Trong in phn dung dch nc gi mt vai tr quan trng:
+ L mi trng cc cation v anion di chuyn v 2 cc.
+ C th tham gia vo qu trnh in phn:
Ti catot (-) H2O b kh: 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH
Ti anot (+) H2O b oxi ha: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
V bn cht nc nguyn cht khng b in phn do in qu ln (I=0). Do vy mun in phn
nc cn ho thm cc cht in li mnh nh: mui tan, axit mnh, baz mnh..
- Ti catot (cc m) xy ra qu trnh kh M+, H+ (axit), H2O theo quy tc v theo th t:

D nhn e nht l cc ion (+) KL yu t Mg tr i

D nhn 2 th 2 l cc ion H+ trong axit 2H+ + 2e --> H2

Ion H+OH: 2H+OH + 2e H2 + 2OH
Kh nhn e nht l ion KL mnh Na+, K+ ( coi nh khng in phn)
+ V d khi in phn dung dch hn hp cha FeCl3, CuCl2 v HCl th th t cc ion b kh l:
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ ; Cu2+ + 2e Cu ; 2H+ + 2e H2 ; Fe2+ + 2e Fe- Ti catot (cc m):

D nhng e nht l ion (-) gc axit khng c Oxi: Cl-, Br-,..

B oxi ha theo th t: S2 > I > Br > Cl > RCOO > OH > H2O

OH- (bazo) OH- -2e --> 1/2O2 + H+

D nhng e th 3 HOH-2HOH- -4e --> O2 + 4H+
Cc anion gc axit c oxi nh NO3, SO42, PO43, CO32, ClO4khng b oxi ha
C. Cng thc Faraday
Da vo cng thc biu din nh lut Faraday ta c th xc nh c khi lng cc cht thu
c cc in cc:
m=AIt/nF
A: khi lng mol
n: s e m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn
I: cng dng in (A)
t: thi gian in phn (giy)
F: hng s Faraday: F=96500
Cng thc tnh nhanh s mol e trao i :n(e trao i)=It/F
II MT S V D MINH HA
V d 1: in phn ha ton 2,22 gam mui clorua kim loi trng thi nng chy thu c 448 ml
kh ( ktc) anot. Kim loi trong mui l: A. Na B. Ca C. K D. Mg
Hng dn: nCl2 = 0,02 Ti catot: Mn+ + ne M Theo lbt khi lng mM = m(mui) m(Cl2) =
2,22 0,02.71 = 0,8 gam Ti anot: 2Cl Cl2 + 2e Theo lbt mol electron ta c nM = M = 20.n
n = 2 v M l Ca (hoc c th vit phng trnh in phn MCln M + n/2Cl2 tnh) p n B
V d 2: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc Pt) 200 gam dung dch NaOH 10 % n khi dung dch
NaOH trong bnh c nng 25 % th ngng in phn. Th tch kh ( ktc) thot ra anot v
catot ln lt l: A. 149,3 lt v 74,7 lt B. 156,8 lt v 78,4 lt C. 78,4 lt v 156,8 lt D. 74,7 lt v
149,3 lt
Hng dn: mNaOH (trc in phn) = 20 gam in phn dung dch NaOH thc cht l in phn
nc: H2O 1/2 O2 (anot) + H2 (catot) NaOH khng i m (dung dch sau in phn) = 80

gam m (H2O b in phn) = 200 80 = 120 gam nH2O = 20/3 mol VO = 74,7 lt v VH=
149,3 lt p n D
V d 3: Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 ( d = 1,25 g/ml) vi in cc graphit
(than ch) thy khi lng dung dch gim 8 gam. lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung
dch sau in phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch H2S 0,5 M. Nng phn trm ca dung dch
CuSO4 ban u l: A. 12,8 % B. 9,6 % C. 10,6 % D. 11,8 %
Hng dn: nH2S = 0,05 mol - Gi x l s mol CuSO4 tham gia qu trnh in phn: CuSO4 + H2O
Cu + 1/2O2 + H2SO4 (1) m (dung dch gim) = m Cu(catot) + m O2(anot) = 64x + 16x = 8 x
= 0,1 mol - CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4 (2) nH2S = nCuSO4 = 0,05 mol - T (1) v (2)
nCuSO4 (ban u) = 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,15 (mol) C% = p n B
V d 4: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2 M vi cng dng in 9,65A. Tnh khi lng
Cu bm vo catot khi thi gian in phn t1 = 200 s v t2 = 500 s. Bit hiu sut in phn l 100
% A. 0,32 gam v 0,64 gam B. 0,64 gam v 1,28 gam C. 0,64 gam v 1,60 gam D. 0,64 gam v
1,32 gam
Hng dn: nCuSO4 = 0,02 = nCu2+ Thi gian cn thit in phn ht Cu2+ l t = s t1 < t <
t2 Ti t1 c 1/2 s mol Cu2+ b in phn m1 = 0,01.64 = 0,64 gam v ti t2 Cu2+ b in
phn ht m2 = 1,28 gam p n B
V d 5: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1A. Khi thy
catot bt u c bt kh thot ra th dng in phn. trung ha dung dch thu c sau khi in
phn cn dng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Thi gian in phn v nng mol ca dung dch
CuSO4 ban u l: A. 965 s v 0,025 M B. 1930 s v 0,05 M C. 965 s v 0,05 M D. 1930 s v 0,025
M
Hng dn: nNaOH = 0,01 mol - Khi catot bt u c bt kh (H2) thot ra chng t CuSO4 b
in phn ht theo phng trnh:CuSO4 + H2O Cu + 1/2O2 + H2SO4 - nNaOH = nOH = 0,01
mol nH2SO4 = 0,5.nH+ = 0,5.nOH = 0,005 (mol) nCu = nCuSO4 = 0,005 (mol) = 0,005
t = 965 s v CM(CuSO) = M (hoc c th da vo cc phn ng thu hoc nhng electron in
cc tnh) p n A
V d 6: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,1 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M vi in cc tr v
cng dng in bng 5A. Sau 19 pht 18 giy dng in phn, ly catot sy kh thy tng m
gam. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,16 gam B. 1,72 gam C. 2,58 gam D. 3,44 gam
Hng dn: nAg+ = 0,02 mol ; nCu2+ = 0,04 mol - Ta c ne = mol - Th t cc ion b kh ti
catot: Ag+ + 1e Ag (1) sau (1) cn 0,06 0,02 = 0,04 mol electron 0,02 0,02 0,02 Cu2+ + 2e
Cu (2) sau (2) cn d 0,02 mol Cu2+ 0,02 0,04 0,02 m (catot tng) = m (kim loi bm vo) =
0,02.(108 + 64) = 3,44 gam p n D

V d 7: Ha tan 50 gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,6 M thu c dung dch
X. em in phn dung dch X (cc in cc tr) vi cng dng in 1,34A trong 4 gi. Khi
lng kim loi thot ra catot v th tch kh thot ra anot ( ktc) ln lt l (Bit hiu sut in
phn l 100 %): A. 6,4 gam v 1,792 lt B. 10,8 gam v 1,344 lt C. 6,4 gam v 2,016 lt D. 9,6 gam
v 1,792 lt
Hng dn: nCuSO4.5H2O = nCuSO4 = 0,2 mol ; nHCl = 0,12 mol - Ta c ne = mol - Th t in
phn ti catot v anot l: Ti catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu Cu2+ cha b in phn ht m (kim loi
catot) = 0,1.64 = 6,4 gam 0,1 0,2 0,1 Ti anot: 2Cl Cl2 + 2e ne (do Cl nhng) = 0,12 < 0,2
mol ti anot Cl b in phn ht v 0,12 0,06 0,12 n nc b in phn ne (do H2O
nhng) = 0,2 0,12 = 0,08 mol2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e 0,02 0,08 V (kh thot ra anot) = (0,06 +
0,02).22,4 = 1,792 lt p n A
V d 8: C 200 ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3, in phn ht ion kim loi trong
dung dch cn dng cng dng in 0,402A trong 4 gi. Sau khi in phn xong thy c 3,44
gam kim loi bm catot. Nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong hn hp u ln lt l: A.
0,2 M v 0,1 M B. 0,1 M v 0,2 M C. 0,2 M v 0,2 M D. 0,1 M v 0,1 M
Hng dn: - Ta c ne = mol - Ti catot: Ag+ + 1e Ag Ta c h phng trnh: x x (mol) Cu2+ +
2e Cu CM Cu(NO3)2 = CM AgNO3 = 0,1 M p n D y y (mol)
V d 9: Ha tan 4,5 gam tinh th MSO4.5H2O vo nc c dung dch X. in phn dung dch X
vi in cc tr v cng dng in 1,93A. Nu thi gian in phn l t (s) th thu c kim loi
M catot v 156,8 ml kh ti anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t (s) th thu c 537,6 ml kh . Bit
th tch cc kh o ktc. Kim loi M v thi gian t ln lt l: A. Ni v 1400 s B. Cu v 2800 s C. Ni
v 2800 s D. Cu v 1400 s
Hng dn: Gi nMSO4 = nM2+ = x mol
V d 10: Mc ni tip hai bnh in phn: bnh (1) cha dung dch MCl2 v bnh (2) cha dung dch
AgNO3. Sau 3 pht 13 giy th catot bnh (1) thu c 1,6 gam kim loi cn catot bnh (2) thu
c 5,4 gam kim loi. C hai bnh u khng thy kh catot thot ra. Kim loi M l: A. Zn B. Cu
C. Ni D. Pb
Hng dn: - Do hai bnh mc ni tip nn ta c: Q = I.t = M = 64 Cu p n B
V d 11: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100 %) thu c m kg
Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn
hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 54,0
kg B. 75,6 kg C. 67,5 kg D. 108,0 kg
Hng dn: 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (1) ; C + O2 CO2 (2) ; 2C + O2 2CO (3) - Do X = 32 hn hp X c
CO2 ; CO (x mol) v O2 d (y mol) - 2,24 lt X + Ca(OH)2 d 0,02 mol kt ta = nCO2 trong

67,2 m3 X c 0,6 CO2 - Ta c h phng trnh: v 0,6 + x + y = 3 x = 1,8 v y = 0,6 T (1) ; (2) ;
(3) mAl = kg p n B
III. Bi tp luyn thm
Cu 1: Cho mt dng in c cng khng i i qua 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip, bnh 1
cha 100ml dd CuSO4 0,01M, bnh 2 cha 100ml AgNO3 0,01M. Bit rng sau thi gian in phn
500s th bn bnh 2 xut hin kh bn catot. Cng dng in, khi lng ca Cu bm trn catt
v th tch kh (ktc) xut hin bn anot ca bnh 1 ln lt l:
A. 0,193A; 0,032g Cu; 11,2ml O2
B. 0,386A; 0,064g Cu; 22,4ml O2
C. 0,193A; 0,032g Cu; 22,4ml O2
D. 0,193A; 0,032g Cu; 5,6ml O2
Cu 2: in phn 400ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in I=10A trong thi gian t, ta
thy c 224ml kh (ktc) thot ra anot. Gi thit rng in cc tr v hiu sut l 100%. Thi gian
in phn l:
A. 6 pht 26 giy
B. 3 pht 10 giy
C. 7 pht 20 giy
D. 5 pht 12 giy
Cu 3 : Khi in phn dung dch mui, gi tr pH gn 1 in cc tng ln. Dung dch mui l:
A. KCl
B. CuSO4
C. AgNO3
D. K2SO4
Cu 4: in phn (in cc tr, c vch ngn) mt dung dch c cha cc ion: Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+.
Th t xy ra s kh catot ln lt l:
A. Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
B. Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
C. Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+.
D. Fe2+, Fe3+,
Cu2+.
Cu 5: in phn 400ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M v Cu(NO3)2 0,1M vi cng dng in I=10A,
anot bng bch kim. Sau thi gian t, ta ngt dng in, thy khi lng catot tng thm m gam
trong c 1,28g Cu. Thi gian in phn t l: (hiu sut in phn l 100% ).
A. 19,3s
B. 1158s
C. 772s
D. 193s
Cu 7: in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1M v MgSO4 cho n khi bt u xut hin kh bn
catot th ngng in phn. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm trn catot v th tch kh thu c bn
anot.
A. 1,28g; 1,12 lt
B. 0,64g; 1,12 lt
C. 0,64g; 2,24 lt
D. 1,28g; 2,24 lt
Cu 8: in phn dung dch CuSO4 v NaCl vi s mol , dung dch c cha vi git qu tm. in
phn vi in cc tr. Mu ca qu tm s bin i nh th no trong qu trnh in phn?
A. sang xanh
B. tm sang
C. xanh sang
D. tm sang xanh
Cu 9: in phn 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip. Bnh 1 cha 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1M, bnh 2
cha 100ml dung dch NaCl 0,1M. Ngng in phn khi dung dch thu c trong bnh 2 c pH=13.
Nng ion Cu2+ cn li trong bnh 1 (th tch dung dch coi nh khng i) l:
A. 0,04M
B. 0,1M
C. 0,08M
D. 0,05M
Cu 10: Thc hin phn ng in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl vi cng
dng in l 5A. n thi im t, ti 2 in cc nc bt u in phn th ngt dng in. Dung
dch sau in phn ho tan va 1,6g CuO v anot ca bnh in phn c 448ml kh bay ra
(ktc). Khi lng dung dch gim do phn ng in phn l:
A. 3,59g
B. 3,15g
C. 1,295g
D. 2,95g
Cu 11: Thc hin phn ng in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl vi cng
dng in l 5A. n thi im t, ti 2 in cc nc bt u in phn th ngt dng in. Dung
dch sau in phn ho tan va 1,6g CuO v anot ca bnh in phn c 448ml kh bay ra

(ktc). Nu th tch dung dch khng thay i V= 500ml th nng mol ca cc cht trong dung
dch l:
A. 0,04M; 0,08M
B. 0,12M; 0,04M
C. 0,3M; 0,05M
D. 0,02M; 0,12M
Cu 12: in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in I= 9,65A. Khi lng Cu
bm trn catot khi thi gian din phn t1= 200s v t2= 500s (hiu sut in phn l 100%).
A. 0,32g; 0,64g
B. 0,32g; 1,28g
C. 0,64g; 1,28g
D. 0,64g; 1,32g
Cu 13: in phn 400ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M v Cu(NO3)2 0,1M vi cng dng in
I=10A, anot bng bch kim. Sau thi gian t, ta ngt dng in, thy khi lng catot tng thm m
gam trong c 1,28g Cu. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,2g
B. 1,28g
C. 9,92g
D. 2,28g
Cu 14: in phn (c mng ngn, in cc tr) mt dung dch cha hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl.
Dung dch sau in phn c th ho tan bt Al2O3. Dung dch sau in phn c th cha:
A. H2SO4 hoc NaOH
B. NaOH
C. H2SO4
D. H2O
Cu 15: in phn 400ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in I=10A trong thi gian t,
ta thy c 224ml kh (ktc) thot ra anot. Gi thit rng in cc tr v hiu sut l 100%. Khi
lng ca catot tng ln l:
A. 1,28g
B. 0,75g
C. 2,5g
D. 3,1g
Cu 16: in phn 100ml dung dch cha CuSO4 0,2M v AgNO3 0,1M, vi cng dng in
I=1,93A. Tnh thi gian in phn c mt khi lng kim loi bm trn catot l 1,72g.
A. 500s
B. 1000s
C. 750s
D. 250s
Cu 17: in phn dung dch NaOH vi cng dng in l 10A trong thi gian 268 gi. Sau khi
in phn cn li 100g dung dch NaOH c nng 24%. Nng % ca dd NaOH trc khi in
phn l:
A. 4,2%
B. 2,4%
C. 1,4%
D. 4,8%
Cu 18: in phn 400ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in I=10A trong thi gian t,
ta thy c 224ml kh (ktc) thot ra anot. Gi thit rng in cc tr v hiu sut l 100%. Nu th
tch dung dch thay i khng ng k th nng ca ion H+ trong dung dch sau in phn l:
A. 0,1M
B. 0,3M
C. 0,4M
D. 0,02M
Cu 19: Cho cc dung dch sau: KCl, Na2SO4, KNO3, AgNO3, ZnSO4, NaCl, NaOH, CaCl2,
H2SO4. Dung dch no khi in phn thc cht l in phn nc?
A. KCl, Na2SO4, KNO3
B. Na2SO4, KNO3, H2SO4, NaOH
C. Na2SO4, KNO3, CaCl2, H2SO4, NaOH
D. KNO3, AgNO3, ZnSO4, NaCl, NaOH
Cu 20: in phn 500ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M vi cng dng in I =
10A v in cc tr. Sau thi gian t ta ngt dng in. Dung dch sau in phn c ly ra ngay
o nng cc cht. Nu hiu sut in phn l 100% v th tch dung dch coi nh khng thay
i, nng mol ion H+ l 0,16M. Nng mol/l ca mui nitrat trong dd sau in phn l:
A. 0,2M
B. 0,17M
C. 0,15M
D. 0,3M
Su tm: Hin Pharmacist
Ngun: Hi Nhng Ngi n Thi i Hc Khi A
Thch