ENGLISH GASTRONOMY

English food has traditionally been based on beef, lamb, or!, "hi"!en and fish and generally ser#ed $ith otatoes and one other #egetable% The most "ommon and ty i"al foods eaten in England in"l&de the sand$i"h, fish and "hi s, ies li!e the "ornish asty, trifle and roasts dinners% Some of o&r main dishes ha#e strange names li!e '&bble ( S)&ea!, S otted *i"! and Toad+in+the+Hole% ,hat may a ear strange to o&r o#erseas #isitors is that not all o&r &ddings are s$eet &ddings, some are eaten d&ring the starter or main "o&rse li!e Yor!shire -&dding and 'la"! -&dding%The sta le foods of England are meat, fish, otatoes, flo&r, b&tter and eggs% Many of o&r dishes are based on these foods% .&estions on 'ritish /ood for St&dents to ans$er Mat"h the hotogra hs of different foods to their des"ri tions 0egetarians It is "&rrently 123345 estimated that there are bet$een 4 and 6 million #egetarians in the 78,one of the highest er"entages in the $estern $orld%Aro&nd 9 million eo le "laim to eat no red meat%It is no$ rare to find no #egetarian foods in a s& ermar!et or on a resta&rant men&% TY-I:AL TRA*ITIONAL ENGLISH *ISHES :hristmas *inner Traditional English dishes ha#e had "om etition from other dishes o#er the years% *es ite this, if yo& #isit England, yo& $ill still be ser#ed & the traditional foods $e ha#e been eating for years%This age "ontains some of o&r most o &lar traditional dishes% Main meal dishes Roast beef and Yor!shire &dding This is England;s traditional S&nday l&n"h, $hi"h is a family affair% Yor!shire -&dding This dish is not &s&ally eaten as a dessert li!e other &ddings b&t instead as art of the main "o&rse or at a starter%Yor!shire &dding, made from flo&r, eggs and mil!, is a sort of batter ba!ed in the o#en and &s&ally moistened $ith gra#y% Re"i e The traditional $ay to eat a Yor!shire &dding is to ha#e a large, flat one filled $ith gra#y and #egetables as a starter of the meal% Then $hen the meal is o#er, any &n&sed &ddings sho&ld be ser#ed $ith <am or i"e+"ream as a dessert% Toad+in+the+Hole 1sa&sages "o#ered in batter and roasted%5 Similar to Yor!shire -&dding b&t $ith sa&sages la"ed in the batter before "oo!ing% 1See hoto right5 Roast Meats 1 "oo!ed in the o#en for abo&t t$o ho&rs5 Ty i"al meats for roasting are <oints of beef, or!, lamb or a $hole "hi"!en% More rarely d&"!, goose, gammon, t&r!ey or game are eaten% 'eef is eaten $ith hot $hite horseradish sa&"e, or! $ith s$eet a le sa&"e and lamb $ith green mint sa&"e% referat%"lo otel%ro

These three latef&ls of food $ere ser#ed & in a &b% I $o&ld say that they are enormo&s ortions and not $hat a ty i"al 'ritish erson $o&ld eat in one sitting% Stea! and 8idney -ie $ith "hi s and salad :ornish -astie $ith "hi s, ba!ed beans and salad :hi"!en Salad /ish and "hi s /ish 1"od, haddo"!, h&ss, lai"e5 dee fried in flo&r batter $ith "hi s 1fried otatoes5 dressed in malt #inegar%This is England;s traditional ta!e+a$ay food or as 7S $o&ld say =to go=%/ish and "hi s are not normally home "oo!ed b&t bo&ght at a fish and "hi sho 1="hi ie= 5 to eat on remises or as a =ta!e a$ay= -lo&ghman;s L&n"h 1a ie"e of "heese, a bit of i"!le and i"!led onion, and a "h&n! of bread5 This dish is ser#ed in -&bs %See a sam le men& of food ser#ed in &bs %She herds -ie 1made $ith min"ed lamb and #egetables to ed $ith mashed otato5Re"i e :ottage -ie 1made $ith min"ed beef and #egetables to ed $ith mashed otato% 1-i"t&red right55 Gammon Stea! $ith egg 1Gammon is ham5 ,hat is a -&dding >A &dding is the dessert "o&rse of a meal 1; &d; is &sed informally5% In 'ritain, $e also &se the $ords ;dessert, ;s$eet= and ;afters;% ,hat;s for &dding> %%%%%%%% ,hat;s for afters> %%%%%%%% ,hat;s for dessert>/or more of the $ords $e &se, #isit o&r 'ritish ,ords se"tion% Ta!e "are? Not all o&r &ddings are s$eet &ddings, some are eaten d&ring the starter or main "o&rse li!e Yor!shire -&dding and 'la"! -&dding% -&ddings and :a!es in England There are h&ndreds of #ariations of s$eet &ddings in England b&t ea"h &dding begins $ith the same basi" ingredients of mil!,s&gar, eggs, flo&r and b&tter% Many of the &ddings in#ol#e fresh fr&it s&"h as ras berries or stra$berries, "&stard, "ream, and "a!es% %%%%%%%%% a moment later the &ddings a eared% 'lo"!s of i"e "ream in e#ery fla#o&r yo& "o&ld thin! of, a le ies, trea"le tarts, "ho"olate e"lairs and <am do&ghn&ts,trifle, stra$berries, <elly, ri"e &dding %%%%%%Harry -otter and the -hiloso her;s Stone, @% 8% Ro$ling The more traditional and $ell !no$n home+made &ddings are rh&barb "r&mble, bread and b&tter &dding, s otted di"! and trifle% The traditional a""om animent is "&stard, !no$n as "reme anglaise 1English sa&"e5 to the /ren"h% The dishes are sim le and traditional, $ith re"i es assed on from generation to generation% Sam le men& of &ddings ser#ed in 'ritish rest&arants /a#o&rites in"l&deAS otted *i"! 1Also "alled S otted *og5 S onge &dding $ith s&ltanas and raisins%,here does this strange name "ome from> Re"i e Trifle + made $ith layers of s onge "a!e altternate $ith "&stard, <am or fr&it and ,hi ed :ream% Sometimes al"ohol+soa!ed s onge "a!e is &sed%

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Re"i e Hasty -&dding + A sim le and )&i"! 1th&s the name5 steamed &dding of mil!, flo&r,b&tter,eggs, and "innamon% 'a!e$ell &dding + also "alled 'a!e$ell Tart%Re"i e%:&stard + a thi"!, ri"h, s$eet miBt&re made by gently "oo!ing together egg yol!s, s&gar, mil! or "ream, and sometimes other fla#orings% Most eo le today &se a yello$ o$der miBed $ith mil!, $ater and s&gar% :&stard "an be ser#ed as a hot sa&"e, o&red o#er a dessert, or as a "old layer in, for eBam le, a trifle% ,hen it is "old, it ;sets; and be"omes firm% 'read and b&tter &dding + old English fa#o&rite 1see image5 Re"i e%Semolina -&dding + a smooth, "reamy &ddmade of mil!, eggs, fla#o&ring and s&garing% Semolina is "oo!ed slo$ly in mil!, s$eetened $ith s&gar and fla#o&red $ith #anilla and sometimes enri"hed $ith egg% Semolina &dding "an be ser#ed $ith raisins, "&rrants or s&ltanas stirred in or $ith a dollo of <am% Roly+ oly + A &dding made of <am or fr&it rolled & in astry do&gh and ba!ed or steamed &ntil soft% Re"i e English :r&m ets + tasty =m&ffin= that goes great $ith tea, and s read $ith b&tter and reser#es% Min"e -ies + -astry shells filled $ith min"e meat, and sometimes brandy or r&m% Trea"le &dding + a steamed &dding $ith a syr& to ing% @elly and I"e :ream + A fa#o&rite arty food for "hildren% MEALS and MEAL TIMES Some eo le ha#e their biggest meal in the middle of the day and some ha#e it in the e#ening, b&t most eo le today ha#e a small mid+day meal + &s&ally sand$i"hes, and erha s some "ris s and some fr&it% ,e ha#e three main meals a dayA 'rea!fast + bet$een 9A33 and CA33, L&n"h + bet$een D2A33 and DA43 %m% *inner 1sometimes "alled S& er5 + The main meal% Eaten anytime bet$een EA43 and FA33 %m% 1E#ening meal5 Traditionally, and for some eo le still, the meals are "alledA 'rea!fast + bet$een 9A33 and CA33, *inner 1The main meal5 + bet$een D2A33 and DA43 %m% Tea + any$here from GA43 at night to EA43 %m% On S&ndays the main meal of the day is often eaten at midday instead of in the e#ening% This meal &s&ally is a Roast *inner "onsisting of a roast meat, Yor!shire &dding and t$o !inds of #egetables% 'REA8/AST ,hat is a ty i"al English 'rea!fast> Most eo le aro&nd the $orld seem to thin! a ty i"al English brea!fast "onsists of eggs, ba"on, sa&sages, fried bread, m&shrooms and ba!ed beans all $ashed do$n $ith a "& of "offee% No$a days, ho$e#er, a ty i"al English brea!fast is more li!ely to be a bo$l of "ereals, a sli"e of toast, orange <&i"e and a "& of "offee% The Traditional English 'rea!fast $itho&t the fried bread% The traditional English brea!fast "onsists of eggs, ba"on, sa&sages, fried bread, ba!ed beans and m&shrooms% E#en tho&gh not many eo le $ill eat this for brea!fast today, it is al$ays ser#ed in hotels and g&est ho&ses aro&nd 'ritain% The traditional English brea!fast is "alled the /&ll English and sometimes referred to as The /&ll English /ry+& %

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Many eo le, es e"ially "hildren, in England $ill eat a bo$l of "ereal% They are made $ith different grains s&"h as "orn, $heat, oats et"% In the $inter many eo le $ill eat = orridge= or boiled oats% L7N:H ,hat is a ty i"al English l&n"h>

*INNER Many "hildren at s"hool and ad&lts at $or! $ill ha#e a ; a"!ed l&n"h;% This ty i"ally "onsists of a sand$i"h, a a"!et of "ris s, a ie"e of fr&it and a drin!% The ; a"!ed l&n"h; is !e t in a lasti" "ontainer% Sand$i"hes are also !no$n as a b&tty or sarnie in some arts of the 78% My fa#o&rite sand$i"h is ra$n and mayonaise% I also lo#e t&na and mayonaise and ham and i"!le sand$i"hes% The e#ening meal is &s&ally "alled ;tea;, ;dinner; or ;s& er;% ,hat is a traditional English *inner> A ty i"al 'ritish meal for dinner is meat and =t$o #eg=% ,e &t hot bro$n gra#y, traditionally made from the <&i"es of the roast meat 1b&t more often today from a a"!et?5 on the meat and &sally the #egetables% One of the #egetables is almost al$ays otatoes% This traditional meal is rarely eaten no$adays, a re"ent s&r#ey fo&nd that most eo le in 'ritain eat "&rry? Ri"e or asta are no$ fa#o&red as the ;'ritish *inner;% 0egetables gro$n in England, li!e otatoes, "arrots, eas, "abbages and onions, are still #ery o &lar% ,e "an also b&y #egetables from many "o&ntries all thro&gh the year The S&nday Roast *inner S&nday l&n"h time is a ty i"al time to eat the traditional S&nday Roast% Traditionally it "onsists of roast meat, 1"oo!ed in the o#en for abo&t t$o ho&rs5, t$o different !inds of #egetables and otatoes $ith a Yor!shire &dding% The most "ommon <oints are beef, lamb or or!H "hi"!en is also o &lar% 'eef is eaten $ith hot $hite horseradish sa&"e, or! $ith s$eet a le sa&"e and lamb $ith green mint sa&"e% Gra#y is o&red o#er the meat% A/TERNOON TEA 1The traditional 6 o;"lo"! tea5 This is a small meal, not a drin!% Traditionally it "onsists of Tea 1or "offee5 ser#ed $ith either of the follo$ingA S"ones I /reshly ba!ed s"ones ser#ed $ith "ream and <am 18no$n as a "ream tea5 I Afternoon tea sand$i"hes often thinly sli"ed "&"&mber sand$i"hes $ith the "r&sts "&t off% I Assorted astries Today 'ritish families do not ha#e time for afternoon tea at home, b&t in the ast it $as a tradition% It be"ame o &lar abo&t one h&ndred and fifty years ago, $hen ri"h ladies in#ited their friends to their ho&ses for an afternoon "& of tea% They started offering their #isitors sand$i"hes and "a!es too% Soon e#eryone $as en<oying Afternoon tea% HIGH TEA 1The traditional E o;"lo"! tea5 The 'ritish $or!ing o &lation did not ha#e Afternoon Tea% They had a meal abo&t midday, and a meal after $or!, bet$een fi#e and se#en o;"lo"!% This meal $as "alled ;high tea; or <&st ;tea;% 1Today, most eo le refer to the e#ening meal as dinner or s& er%5

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Traditionally eaten early e#ening, High tea $as a s&bstantial meal that "ombined deli"io&s s$eet foods, s&"h as s"ones, "a!es, b&ns or tea breads, $ith tem ting sa#o&ries, s&"h as "heese on toast, toasted "r&m ets, "old meats and i"!les or oa"hed eggs on toast% This meal is no$ often re la"ed $ith a s& er d&e to eo le eating their main meal in the e#enings rather than at midday% :r&m ets Re"i e *RIN8S Tea 'ritain is a tea+drin!ing nation% E#ery day $e drin! DEG million "& s of the st&ff and ea"h year aro&nd D66 tho&sand tons of tea are im orted% Tea in 'ritain is traditionally bre$ed in a $armed "hina tea ot, adding one s oonf&l of tea er erson and one for the ot% Most 'ritons li!e their tea strong and dar!, b&t $ith a lot of mil!% Years ago, the mil! $as o&red into the "& first, so as not to "ra"! the or"elain% The traditional $ay of ma!ing tea isA D% 'oil some fresh "old $ater% 1,e &se an ele"tri" !ettle to boil $ater5 2% -&t some hot $ater into the tea ot to ma!e it $arm% 4% -o&r the $ater a$ay 6% -&t one teas oon of tea+lea#es er erson, and one eBtra tea+s oon, into the ot% G% -o&r boiling $ater onto the tea% E% Lea#e for a fe$ min&tes% 9% Ser#e

*id yo& !no$> If someone as!s yo& if yo& $o&ld li!e a "& a, they are as!ing if yo& $o&ld li!e a "& of tea% If someone says ;let me be mother; or ;shall I be mother;, they are offering to o&r o&t the tea from the tea ot% Tea ,ords and hrases Tea brea!, High tea, tea time, tea arty, tea to$el and many more terms ha#e deri#ed from the tradition of drin!ing tea% Tea brea!s are $hen tea and bis"&its are ser#ed% The traditional time for tea brea!s are at DDA33 am 1Ele#ensee5 and 6 m in the afternoon% If something is not )&ite to yo&r taste, it;s robably not yo&r "& of tea% :offee :offee is no$ as o &lar in 'ritain as tea is% -eo le either drin! it $ith mil! or ha#e it bla"! and either ha#e freshly+ made "offee or instant "offee% 'itter 'ritain is also $ell !no$n for its ale $hi"h tends to be dar! in a earan"e and hea#ier than lager% It is !no$n as =bitter= ,ine 'ritain;s $ine ind&stry is gro$ing from strength to strength and $e no$ ha#e o#er 433 $ine rod&"ers% A gro$ing n&mber of 'ritish #ineyards are no$ rod&"ing s ar!ling $hite $ine as $ell as f&ll bodied red $ine% There are o#er D33 #ineyard in 8ent% ,hat food $as =in#ented= or dis"o#ered in England> D9E2A The sand$i"h $as in#ented in England% ,e ha#e a to$n named Sand$i"h in the so&th of England% @ohn Montag&, the Earl of Sand$i"h in#ented a small meal that "o&ld be eaten $ith one hand $hile he "ontin&ed his nonsto gambling%

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DC32A Marmite $as in#ented in England% Marmite is dar! bro$n+"olored sa#ory s read made from the yeast that is a by+ rod&"t of the bre$ing ind&stry% It has a #ery strong, slightly salty fla#or% It is definitely a lo#e+it+or+hate+it ty e of food% Min"emeat $as in#ented in England as a $ay of reser#ing meat $itho&t salting or smo!ing it% H- Sa&"e $as in#ented in England at the end of the DCth "ent&ry by Mr /G Garton, a Nottingham gro"er% He $as do$n on his l&"! and "o&ldn;t ay his bills, so $hen Ed$in Samson Moore, o$ner of the Midland 0inegar :om any, offered to "an"el his debt $ith the "om any and ay him LDG3 for the re"i e, l&s the &se of the name H-, Garton <&m ed at the "han"e% Moore had been loo!ing aro&nd for some time for a sa&"e to man&fa"t&re and mar!et% He li!ed both the taste and the name of Garton;s H- Sa&"e, $hi"h had an a ro riately atrioti" ring to it% The H- stood for Ho&ses of -arliament, as it $as r&mo&red that the sa&"e had been seen gra"ing the tables of one of the dining rooms there%

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