Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [1]

manishkumarphysics.in
Objective - I
1. Aheavy stone is thrown from a cliff of height h with a speed v. The stone will hit the ground with maximum
speed if it is thrown
(A) vertically downward (B) vertically upward
(C) horizontally (D*) the speed does not depend on the initial direction.
) +i --i ) iii -i v i i ini r| -i -i lin- i -i^i, l ;i i i -
(A) (ii i i i (B) (ii + i i
(C) ilnlii - (D*) i ililii - i li ri ni r|
Sol. D
Byenergycanservation
initial energy=final energy
K.B
i
+ P.B
i
= K.B
f
+ P.B
f
1/2 mu
2
+ mgh = 1/2 mv
2
+ 0
h
v =
gh 2 u
2
+
So we can concluet that the speed does not depend on the initial direction.
2. Two springs Aand B (k
A
= 2k
B
) are strettched by applying forces of equal magnitudes at the four ends. If the
energy stored in A is E, that in B is -
i l-^i Anii B(k
A
= 2k
B
) i ii li -i l-ii +^ii ilnli ini r| lA- ln +i Er ni
B - ln ri^i -
(A) E/2 (B*) 2E (C) E (D) E/4
Sol. B
Energy store inA= 1/2 k
A
x
A
2
= E ................ (1)
SpringAand Bstretched byapplying equal magnitudes of force.
For springAk
A
x
A
= F ................ (2)
For spring Bk
B
x
B
= F ................ (3)
Fromequation (2) &(3)
k
A
x
A
=k
B
x
B
................ (4)
Given k
A
=2 k
B
x
B
= 2x
A
Energystore in B=1/2 k
B
x
B
2
= |
|
.
|

\
|
2
k
2
1
A
(2x
A
)
2
= k
A
x
A
2
= 2E(fromequation (1) ).
3. Two equal masses are attached to the two ends of a spring of spring constant k. The masses are pulled out
symmetrically to stretch the spring by a length x over its natrual length. The work done by the spring on each
mass is -
l-^lni k i l- ^ ii li i -i-i r ) r | ii -ii i -l-n ii l- ^i ;i -
+i; x i iln li ini r| l-^ ,ii - -i li ^i i r -
(A)
2
1
kx
2
(B)
2
1
kx
2
(C)
4
1
kx
2
(D*)
4
1
kx
2
Sol. D
Potential energy=
2 2
2
x
k
2
1
2
x
k
2
1
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
m m
m m
x/2 x/2
k
=
4
1
kx
2
Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [2]
manishkumarphysics.in
4. The negative of the work done by the conservative internal forces on a system equals the change in
(A) total energy (B) kinetic energy (C*) potential energy (D) none of these
li li ii inl+i ,ii li ^i ~ii--i l n rini r -
(A) +i (B) ^ln +i (C*) l-iln+i (D) ;- i; ri
Sol. C
W = Av (Change inpotential energy)
5. The work done by the external forces on a system equals the change in
(A*) total energy (B) kinetic energy (C) potential energy (D) none of these
li li +i=+i ,ii li ^i i l - l(n n rini r -
(A*) +i (B) ^ln +i (C) l-iln+i (D) ;- i; ri
Sol. A
W
external force
= DE(Change in toatl energy)
Bywork energytheorem
W
ext
+ W
int
+ W
preudo
+ W
friction
+ ............ = D K.E.
W
int
= A v
W
ext
= A K.B. + A u
W
ext
= T.E.
6. The work done by all the forces (external and internal) on a system equals the change in
(A) total energy (B*) kinetic energy (C) potential energy (D) none of these
li li --n +i (+i= )( inl) ,ii li i l - l(n n rini r -
(A) +i (B*) ^ln +i (C) l-iln+i (D) ;- i; ri
Sol. B
Bywork energytheorem
7. ______________ of a two particle system depends only on the separation between the two particles. The
most appropriate choice for the blank space in the above sentence is
(A) kinetic energy (B) total mechanical energy
(C*) potential energy (D) total energy
l,i li i _________ ( ii - i li ni r| n (i - ln -ii i ln l
(iliri r -
(A) ^ln +i (B) ili+i
(C*) l-iln+i (D) +i
Sol. C
8. Asmall block of mass m is kept on a rough inclined surface of inclination u fixed in a elevator. The elevator
goes up with a uniform velocity v and the block does not slide on the wedge. The work done by the force of
friction on the block in time t will be -
) l-- l-in u iln ii (i i nn m -ii i-i iii ri r| l- + i i )-i(^
v ^lnii ri ini r nii n n i i ri lni r| t - - ii +,ii i li ^i i r -
(A) zero i (B) mgvt cos
2
u (C*) mgvt sin
2
u (D) mgvt sin2u
Sol. C
Distance travelled bythe elevator in 't' time is =vt
v
f
m

9
0
-
u
Block don't slide on the wedge.
Sofrictionforce =mgsinu
Work done bythe force friction on the block in time t will be
=
d . F

= Fd cos (90 - u)
=mg sin u . vt sin u
=mgvt sin u
Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [3]
manishkumarphysics.in
9. A block of mass m slides down a smooth vertical circular track. During the motion, the block is in
(A) vertical equilibrium (B) horizontal equilibrium(C) radial equilibrium (D*) none of these
) l )( (ii (-iii i m -i i i i i i lni r| ; ^ln -, i r -
(A) (ii i- (B) ilni- (C) liii- (D*) ;- i; ri
Sol. D
10. A particle is rotated in a vertical circle by connecting it to a string of length and keeping the other end of the
string fixed. The minimum speed of the particle when the string is horizontal for which the particle will
complete the circle is -
)i i +i; i i i )l +i i (ii n- ;i i-ii ini r lii i i li l-i rni r | +
ii iln ri ni i i n- i lni ri^i li (-i i -
(A) g (B) g 2 (C*) g 3 (D) g 5
Sol. D
EnergyconservationAto Bis
T.B
i
=T.B
f
P.B
i
+ K.B
i
= P.E
f
+ K.B
f
0 + 1/2 mu
2
= mg (2) + 1/2 mv
2
mu
2
=4mg +mv
2
........... (1)
For minimumvelocity'u' that causes particle will complete
the circle formationvelocitytension at point 'B' is zero.
F.B>D. of point 'B'
T
B
= 0

2
mv
= mg ........... (2)
u
m
A
v
B
Fromequation (1) &(2)
mu
2
= 4 mg + mg
u = g 5
Objective - II
1. A heavy stone is thrown from a cliff of height h in a given direction. The speed with which it hits the ground
(A*) must depend on the speed of projection
(B*) must be larger than the speed of projection
(C) must be independent of the speed of projection
(D) may be smaller than the speed of projection
h +i; i --i )iii -i i ini r| l i r -i -i)^i, (r -
(A*) ii i lln li ni r|
(B*) ii i lln li rini r|
(C) ii i lln li ri ni r|
(D) ii i - ri ni r|
Sol. AB
Byapplythe energyconservation
T.E
i
=T.E
f
P.B
i
+ K.B
i
= P.B
f
+ K.B
f
mgh + 1/2 mu
2
= 0 + 1/2 mv
2
v = gh 2 u +
(
)
Initial speed
of stone is u
h
Hitting velocity'v' is depend on the speed of projection
&large than the speed of projection.
Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [4]
manishkumarphysics.in
2. The total work done on a particle is equal to the change in its kinetic energy
(A*) always (B) only if the forces acting on it are conservative
(C) only if gravitational force alone acts on it (D) only if elastic force alone acts on it.
i li ^i i ;i ^ln+i - l(n n rini r -
(A*) (
(B) (n+ rri + ^ (i + ii rin r
(C) + ( ^-(i+ ri ; ^ ri rini r|
(D) + ( -i-i + ri ; ^ ri rini r
Sol. A
Bywork energytheorem
The total work done an a particle is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
3. Aparticle is acted upon by a force of constant magnitude which is always perpendicular to the velocity of the
particle. The motion of the particle takes place in a plane. If follows that
(A) its velocity is constant (B) its acceleration is constant
(C*) its kinetic energy is constant (D*) it moves in a circular path
i ln l-ii i ) +; i ^ni r l ;i lii ( i (^ +(n rini r| ;i ni- r l-
(A) ;i (^ ln r| (B) ;i -(i ln r
(C*) ;i ^ln+i ln r (D*) r (-iii i ^lniir|
Sol. CD
Force of constant magnitude which is always pependicular to the to the velocityof the particle. That
causes magnitude of velocityof the particle remain constant. So we can say that its kinetic energyis
constant &this force is povide the centripetal acceleration that causes particle moves ina circular path.
4. Consider two observers moving with respect to each other at a speed v along a straight line.They observe a
block of mass m moving a distance on a rough surface. The following quantities will be same as observed
by the two observers
(A) kinetic energy of the block at time t (B) work done by friction
(C) total work done on the block (D*) acceleration of the block.
) ii li i i ) ii v i ^lniir| i )m-i ii ii nr
i n ^ln ni ri lin n r| ii ii ,ii l ilii l )-i r^ -
(A) - t i i ^ln +i (B) iii ,ii li ^i i
(C) i li ^i i (D*) ii -(i
Sol. D
Two observers movingwith respect toeach other at a speed v alonga straight line mean withrespect to
each other change in kinetic energyis always same.
Bythe work energy theoremwe can say that work done by the friction force is same with respect to
block is same &also saythat acceleration will be same of the block.
5. You lift a suitcase fromthe floor and keep it on a table. The work done by you on the suitcase does not depen
on -
(A*) the path taken by the suitcase (B*) the time taken by you in doing so
(C) the weight of the suitcase (D*) your weight.
i ) -i i -i -l+ in r| i ,ii - li ^i i l li ri ni r -
(A*) -,ii nli ^i i
(B*) i ,ii r i - ^i -
(C) -i ii
(D*) ii ii
Sol. ABD
Work done byyou on the suit case is change in
Potential energy=mgh
Here mgis the weight of the suit case &h is height of floor ro table.
Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [5]
manishkumarphysics.in
6. No work is done by a force on an object if
(A*) the force is always perpendicular to its velocity
(B) the force is always perpendicular to its acceleration
(C*) the object is stationary but the point of application of the force moves on the object
(D*) the object moves in such a way that the point of application of the force remains fixed.
li (-n li +,ii i; i ri li ini r, l -
(A*) + ( (^ +(n r|
(B) +( ; -(i +(n r|
(C*) (-n l-i r ln +i li l+ (-n ^ln |
(D*) (-n ; i ^ln l +i li l+ ln r|
Sol. ACD
Work done by a force on an object =
d . F

= Fd cos u
Displacement always inthe directionof velocity.
(a) F v mean u = 90, cos 90 = 0
Work done by a force in an object = 0
(b) Always accelerationnot provide the directionof motion.
(c) Object is stationarymean s d = 0
(d) It is the condition of the circular motion, here force provide the centripetal acceleration. Angle
between this force &displacement is 90. So work done bya force on an object is zero.
7. A particle of mass m is attached to a light string of length , the other end of which is fixed. Initially the string
is kept horizontal and the particle is given an upward velocity v. The particle is just able to complete a circle
(A*) the string becomes slack when the particle reaches its highest point
(B) the velocity of the particle becomes zero at the highest point
(C) the kinetic energy of the ball in initial position was
2
1
mv
2
= mg.
(D*) the particle again passes through the initial position.
) +i; i ri ii )l m -ii i i r i r , nii ;i i li + ii ri r | ii - ii i iln
ii ini r nii i i (ii lii - v (^i li ini r| i (-i i -ii ni r -
(A*) + i n- l+ r^i ni ii ii i^i|
(B) iiin- l+ i i (^ i ri i^i|
(C) i i ili ^ln+i
2
1
mv
2
= mg ii|
(D*) i ilil-iln ^^i|
Sol. AD
Theminimumvelocitygives totheparticleis
just able to complete a circle is g 5
u
m
A
B

So initial K.E. of the particle =1/2 mu

2
= 1/2 m (5g)
ApplyenergyconservationAto B
T.B
A
=T.B
B
K.B
A
+ P.B
A
= K.B
A
+ P.B
A
1/2 m (5g) + 0 = K.BB + 2mg
K.B
B
= 1/2 mg
1/2 mv
2
=1/2 mg
v
B
= g
Endof complete one circle particleagainpasses through the initial position.
Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [6]
manishkumarphysics.in
8. The kinetic energy of a particle continuously increases with time
(A) the resultant force on the particle must be parallel to the velocity at all instants.
(B*) the resultant force on the particle must be at an angle less than 90 with the velocity all the time
(C) its height above the ground level must continuously decrease
(D*) the magnitude of its linear momentum is increasing continuously
li i i ^ln+i - ii ln +ni r -
(A) i ^ (ii lii-i +--n iii (^ -in r|
(B*) r - i ^ (i lii-i + i lii (^ ii 90 - r|
(C) ;i -i +i; ln - rii ilr)|
(D*) ; ii (^i l-ii ln + ri r|
Sol. BD
Work done by the particle = A K
d . F

= A K A K = Fd cos u
The resultant force on the particle must be at an angle less than 90 all the time.
Linear momentum P=
E . mK 2
9. One end of a light spring of spring constant k is fixed to a wall and the other end is tied to a block placed on
a smooth horizontal surface. In a displacement , the work done by the spring is
2
1
kx
2
. The possible cases
are -
(A*) the spring was initially compressed by a distance x and was finally in its natural length
(B*) it was initially stretched by a distance x and finally was in its natural length
(C) it was initially in its natural length and finally in a compressed position
(D) it was initially in its natural length and finally in a stretched position
)ri l- ^i )li i(i i r i r nii l )i i r i r | i )i ln)( li nrii r i
r | l- ^i +lnik r| li l(-ii- l- ^,ii li ^i i
2
1
kx
2
r| i( l-ilni r -
(A*) ii - l-^ x i n iln ii nii ln- l-ln - ; i iln+i; in i r|
(B*) r ii - x i n iln ii nii ln- ; - +i; in i r|
(C) ii - ;i -+i; ii nii ln- r iln l-iln - r|
(D) ii - r - +i; - ii nii n - r iii r; r|
Sol. AB
w = A u
w = u
i
u
f
The springwas initiallyconpress or streched bya distance x than
u
i
= 1/2 kx
2
Finallyinits natural length
K
smooth
x = 0
w = u
i
u
f
= 1/2 kx
2
10. Ablock of mass Mis hanging over a smooth and light pulley through a light string. The other end of the string
is pulled by a constant force F. The kinetic energy of the block increases by 20 J in 1s.
(A) the tension in the string is Mg
(B*) the tension in the string is F
(C) the work done by the tension on the block is 20 J in the above 1 s.
(D) the work done by the force of gravity is 20 J in the above 1s.
) -irinii ii i lrnlii M-ii )iii i rini -ii ^i r , i i i i li )ln
+F ,ii iii i ri r| ) - ii ^ln +i 20 + ini r -
(A) ii - ni( Mg r|
(B*) ii - ni( F r|
(C) n 1 - ni( ,ii i li ^i i 20 r|
(D) n 1 - i ^-(iii + ,ii li ^i i 20 r|
Chapter # 8 Work and Energy [7]
manishkumarphysics.in
Sol. B
Tension inthe spring is equal to F'
T mg = ma T= mg + ma
Change in AK= work done bythe gravity
m
mg
T
a
F
Work done by the gravity = 20 J in 1 see
Work done by the tension force = 0