Quiz – VISCOUS FLOW THEORY (AE31010)

Time: 120 min.s max + 15 min.s upload time,

Total marks-100
-Sandeep Saha

Instructions:
1) The word “provided” implies the data is group specific and is provided in the Appendix.
2) Upload your source code.
3) Sample input for the code and the graphs need to be in one file (word/pdf).
4) Any derivation to be included as an image of the hand-written notes in the word/pdf file.
5) Make reasonable assumptions where necessary and mention clearly.
6) All the questions are compulsory except for those students who are not part of any group.
7) The students who are not part of any group have to solve Q1 and one question of their choice
from Q2-Q4 and one question out Q5-Q6.

1. Give an order of magnitude of the following with appropriate explanation: (15 marks)
a. Reynolds number of a jet exiting a person’s mouth while one speaks.
b. Darcy friction coefficient of the flow in a straw while sipping a juice/cold drink.
c. Lift coefficient of an airfoil of chord length 5cm placed in a Hele-Shaw cell with water.
d. Pressure exerted on our hands by sanitizer film while sanitizing our hands.
e. Pressure Drag acting on a football for an average penalty kick.

2. Provide insight into the following problems using dimensional analysis and free-body diagram.
Illustrate using a schematic and explain clearly the parameters chosen for the analysis.
a. Motion of a pendulum. (5 marks)
b. Flow generated by a ceiling fan. (5 marks)
c. Flow past a rowing boat. (5 marks)

3. Consider the motion of a fluid in the following scenario,

a. Provided the 2d velocityu = f(x, y), v = g(x, y). Compute the streamlines analytically.
Thereafter compute the streamlines numerically and compare them with the analytical
solution in a domain [𝑥, 𝑦] ⊆ [[−1,1], [−1,1]] (5 marks)
b. Determine analytically (5 marks)
i. Rate of deformation tensor,
ii. Symmetric and antisymmetric decomposition
iii. Isotropic, and Symmetric traceless decomposition of Symmetric matrix
c. Compute the streamlines analytically and numerically at (0.5,0.5) when: (5 marks)
i. Symmetric part is zero
ii. Antisymmetric part is zero
iii. Only isotropic part is non zero
 iv. Only symmetric traceless part is non zero

4. Consider the flow in a rectangular conduit with water flowing through it,
a. Provided the width w and height h of rectangular conduit compute the numerical
solution for the velocity profile in the fully developed region. (5 marks)
b. Plot the shear stress distribution along the four walls. (5 marks)
c. Plot the pressure as a function of the axial distance if the conduit is 10 m long and the
exit pressure is atmospheric. Calculate the pumping power required to operate the
conduit. (5 marks)

5. Consider the flow over a rigid wall in a semi-infinite domain that is moved suddenly such that
the shear stress is constant, 𝜏𝑤 and value is provided. The entire fluid at rest initially.
a. Derive an ode using similarity transformation. Derive an analytical expression for the
shear stress distribution and then plot y/𝛿(𝑡) vs 𝜏/𝜏𝑤 . Solve for 𝑈𝑤 which is the velocity
of the wall. (10 marks)
b. Compute the numerical solution of the ode. Plot of y/𝛿(𝑡) vs u/𝑈𝑤 at different instants
of time t and compare the shear stress distribution with the analytical solution. Plot the
error, the residual as a function of iterations and the grid resolution. Explain your
observations. (10 marks)

6. Consider the flow down the outer surface of a cone of a very viscous droplet of honey with the
vertex pointing upwards. Let the origin be at the vertex and the coordinate along the outer surface
of the cone be denoted by 𝑟 and the coordinate normal to surface be 𝑦 and the corresponding
velocity components be 𝑢 and 𝑣. Using the thin film approximation derive a partial differential
equation governing the height ℎ(𝑟, 𝑡) of the droplet. The angle,𝛼, between the horizontal and the
line of steepest descent along the surface of the cone is provided and the acceleration due to
gravity, 𝑔, is a known constant. Finally plot progress of the leading edge of the droplet 𝑟𝑛 with
time 𝑡 on a log-log plot. Do you observe a power-law 𝑟𝑛 ~𝑡𝛽 ? What is the value of 𝛽? (20 marks)

APPENDIX
The Navier-Stokes equations in the cylindrical coordinates are as follows:
1 𝜕(𝑟𝑢𝑟 ) 1 𝜕𝑢𝜃 𝜕𝑢𝑧
+ + =0
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑢𝑟 𝑢𝜃 2 1 𝜕𝑃 𝑢𝑟 2 𝜕𝑢𝜃
+ 𝒖 ⋅ ∇𝑢𝑟 − =− + 𝑔𝑟 + 𝜈 (∇2 𝑢𝑟 − 2 − 2 )
𝜕𝑡 𝑟 𝜌 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃

𝜕𝑢𝜃 𝑢𝑟 𝑢𝜃 1 𝜕𝑃 𝑢𝜃 2 𝜕𝑢𝑟
+ 𝒖 ⋅ ∇𝑢𝜃 − =− + 𝑔𝜃 + 𝜈 (∇2 𝑢𝜃 − 2 + 2 )
𝜕𝑡 𝑟 𝜌𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃

𝜕𝑢𝑧 1 𝜕𝑃
+ 𝒖 ⋅ ∇𝑢𝑧 = − + 𝑔𝑧 + 𝜈∇2 𝑢𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝜌 𝜕𝑧
Where
𝜕 𝑢𝜃 𝜕 𝜕 1 𝜕 𝜕 1 𝜕2 𝜕2
𝒖 ⋅ ∇≡ 𝑢𝑟 𝜕𝑟 + + 𝑢𝑧 𝜕𝑧 ; ∇2 ≡ 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟 𝜕𝑟) + 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃2 + 𝜕𝑧 2
𝑟 𝜕𝜃
3. U,V
a. U= c*(x+y)/(x2+y2) + y, V = c*(x+y)/( x2+y2))- x,
b. U= cy/( x2+y2) + (x+y), V = cx/( x2+y2) + (y-x),
c. U = c*( x2-y2), V =-2cxy
d. U= -2cxy, V=c*/( x2-y2))
e. U= 2cy*( x2+y2) +xc, V=cy
f. U=2cx, V= 2cx/( x2+y2)
g. U=(x-y)*( x2+y2), V=(y-x)*( x2+y2)

4. W,H
a. W= 100mm H= 200mm
b. W= 200mm H= 600mm
c. W= 300mm H= 400mm
d. W= 400mm H= 100mm
e. W= 100mm H= 800mm
f. W= 200mm H= 150mm
g. W= 300mm H= 500mm

5. Shear stress (N/m^2)

a. 0.010582419
b. 0.0299316
c. 0.05498786
d. 0.084659349
e. 0.118315037
f. 0.155529155
g. 0.195989136

6. Angle,𝛼,
a. 10
b. 45
c. 15
d. 20
e. 30
f. 25
g. 35