CHAPTER 2 : FORCE AND MOTION 2.1 Linear Motion [../60 100 ! .."# A student is able to : 2.1.

1 Define distance and displacement 2.1.2 Define speed and velocity and state that v = s/t 2.1.3 Define acceleration and deceleration and state that a=v-u t 2.1.4 alculate speed and velocity 2.1.! alculate acceleration / deceleration 2.1." #olve problems on linear motion $ith uniform acceleration usin% &i' v = u ( at &ii' s = ut ( ) at2 &iii' v2 = u2 ( 2as Distance and Displacement A: *ill in the blan+ $ith the correct ans$er 1. ,hysical -uantities can be divided into 2 : &a' &b' 2. 3. 4. 1: ......... -uantity ......... -uantity

Distance is ........ -uantity $hich has ....... and no ...... ....... is a vector -uantity $hich has ma%nitude and direction /he #0 unit for both physical -uantities is ......

omplete the table belo$ : A$%e&t Definition /ype of -uantity #0 unit #calar -uantity Di$tan&e Di$%'a&e(ent Distance ta+en $ith consideration of direction

#peed and 2elocity : omplete the table belo$ A$%e&t Definition /ype of physical -uantity *ormula #0 unit #calar #peed = /otal distance /ime 2elocity = m s-1 )%ee* +e'o&it, 3ate of chan%e of displacement

#ymbol

u, v u denotes initial speed v denotes final speed Avera%e speed = /otal distance /ime

u, v u denotes initial velocity v denotes final velocity 4e usually consider the for$ard motion & to the ri%ht ' as positive and the bac+$ard & to the left' as ne%ative '

Acceleration D: *ill in the blan+ $ith the correct ans$er. 1. 2. Acceleration is the rate of chan%e of ....... Acceleration 5 a = *inal velocity - 0nitial velocity /ime ta+en

a=
3. 4. !. ". 7: /he #0 unit of acceleration is .... Acceleration is a ...... -uantity ....... occurs $hen an ob6ect moves $ith ...... velocity. ........ occurs $hen an ob6ect moves $ith ..... velocity

#olve the problem. 1. A car starts from points from point 8 and moves to 95 !: m to the north in ": s. /he car then moves to 15 12: m to the $est in 4: s. *inally5 it stops. alculate the : &a' total distance moved by the car

&b'

displacement of the car

&c'

speed of the car $hen it is moves to the north

&d'

velocity of the car

&e'

avera%e speed of the car

2.

A bus stops at a station to pic+ passen%ers up. 0t then moves and attains a velocity of 1! m s-1 in ; s. 4hat is the acceleration of the bus <

*.

omplete the table belo$ $ith the correct ans$er

0ncreasin% #peed
,attern &a'

short decreasin%

increasin% lo$

far hi%h
7=planation

same decreasin%

Direction of motion

. . . 0nitial
&b'

/he distance bet$een the dots is the .... 0t sho$s that the ob6ect is movin% $ith .....

*inal Direction of motion /he distance bet$een the dots is ...... 0t sho$s that the ob6ect is movin% very ....

................ . 0nitial *inal

&c' Direction of motion

. . . 0nitial
&d'

/he distance bet$een the dots is ..... 0t sho$s that the speed of the ob6ect is movin% $ith .....

*inal Direction of motion

. . . . . 0nitial
&e'

.
*inal

/he distance bet$een the dots is ...... 0t sho$s that the speed of the ob6ect is ......

Direction of motion

. . . 0nitial

. . . .
*inal

/he distance bet$een the dots is ...... 0t sho$s that the speed of the ob6ect is ......

-:

Deter(ine t.e a&&e'eration o/ a tro''e, /ro( t.e ti&0er ta%e 1. /he tic+er tape is divided into ! parts. 7very part has 2 tic+s as sho$n in fi%ure belo$. *ind the acceleration. 1 cm ! cm

A #olution :

)te% 1. /ime ta+en of one part 2. initial velocity5 u = s initial t initial 3. *inal velocity5 v = s final t final 4. Determine the total time /otal time = & /otal parts > 1' = time of one part !. Acceleration5 a = v u t

)o'1tion 8ne part = ... /ic+s = ... = :.:2 s = ... # u= cm s = .... cm s-1 v= cm s = .... cm s-1 /otal time5 t = & = ' = .... s = ..... s

= .... # a=vu t = = .... cm s-2

/he e-uations of motion 1. omplete the table belo$ ,hysical ?uantity Displacement 0nitial velocity acceleration @ist the e-uations of linear motion. &i' &ii' &iii' &iv' #ymbol v 2.

?uestions 1. #olve the follo$in% problems usin% the e-uations of linear motion

&a' A car moves from rest to a velocity of 1: ms-1 in ! s . alculate the acceleration of the car #olution :

&b' A car travelin% $ith a velocity of 1: m s-1 accelerates uniformly at a rate of 3 m s-2 for 2: s. alculate the displacement of the car. #olution :

&b' A van that is travelin% $ith velocity 1" m s-1 decelerates until it comes to a stop. 0f the distance traveled is ; m5 calculate the deceleration of the van. #olution :

2.2

ANAL2)IN- MOTION -RAPH

[/20

100 ! "#

A student is able to : 2.2.1 ,lot and interpret displacement-time and velocity-time %raphs

2.2.2

2.2.3 2.2.4

2.2.! 2.2." A:

Deduce from the shape of a displacement-time %raph $hen a body is: i' at rest ii' movin% $ith uniform velocity iii' movin% $ith non-uniform velocity Determine distance5 displacement and velocity from a displacement-time %raph Deduce from the shape of a velocity-time %raph $hen a body is: i' at rest ii' movin% $ith uniform velocity iii' movin% $ith uniform acceleration Determine distance5 displacement and velocity and acceleration from a velocity-time %raph #olve problems on linear motion $ith uniform acceleration Describe the motion of an ob6ect as sho$n in the follo$in% motion %raphs. &a' /he Displacement-/ime Araph Araph of s a%ainst t s/m /he displacement of the ob6ect from a fi=ed point is .......... /herefore5 the velocity of the ob6ect is ........ : s/m /he %radient of the %raph = .......of the ob6ect. /he %radient of the %raph is ......5 therefore the velocity of the ob6ect is ...... : s/m /he %radient of the %raph ....... $ith time. /herefore the velocity of the ob6ect ...... $ith ...... : t/s t/s t/s 7=planation

&b' /he velocity > time %raph Araph of v a%ainst t 7=planation

v/m s-1 2elocity of ob6ect is ..... . /he ob6ect is ......

t/s v/m s-1 /he ob6ect is movin% $ith uniform .......

t/s v/m s-1 /he %radient of the %raph = ...... /he %radient of the %raph is ..... /herefore5 the acceleration of the ob6ect is ...... t/s v/m s-1 Area under the %raph = ........

t/s 1. Describe the motion of a runner $ho is runnin% in a strai%ht line s/m

25 20 15 10 5
O ! 1:

C A B

D t/s
t/$ 12 1!

#olution : 8-A Botion of the runner 3unnin% $ith a uniform velocity of 3 m s-1

A-1 1-D : #tudy the velocity-time %raph.

v/m s-1 10 1 5

D A ! 1: 1! 2:
and D

2!

t/s

alculate:&i' the acceleration5 a, for sections A15 1 &ii' total displacement

2.3 4NDER)TANDIN- INERTIA

[./15

100 ! ."#

A student is able to : 2.3.1 7=plain $hat inertia is 2.3.2 3elate mass to inertia 2.3.3 Aive e=amples to reduce the ne%ative effects of inertia A. *ill in the blan+s or underline the correct ans$ers 1.

4hen the bus stops suddenly our feet are brou%ht to rest but due to inertia5 our body tends to continue its &for$ard/bac+$ard' motion. /his causes our body to 6er+ for$ard.&thro$n for$ard' 2.

4hen the bus moves suddenly from rest our feet are carried &for$ard/bac+$ard' but Due to inertia our body tends to +eep us &rest/movin%' . /his causes our body to fall bac+$ards. &thro$n bac+bards' 3. 4. !. ". C. /he inertia of an ob6ect is the.................................. of the ob6ect to remain at ........... or if ...................... to continue its uniform motion in a strai%ht line /he mass of an ob6ect is the amount or -uantity of matter contained in the ob6ect. /he #0 unit of mass is .......... /he mass of an ob6ect is .... $herever it is measured. 0t is different from ..... $hich is affected by the ..... of %ravity. An ob6ect $ith a lar%er mass has a .. 0nertia.

E//e&t$ o/ inertia

1. 7=plain the positive effect by usin% the clues %iven.

lue : Dryin% a $et umbrella

lue : ,our our /omato sauces

Po$iti7e e//e&t O/ inertia

lue : /i%hten the Dammer head

lue: 3unnin% Fi%-Fi% $hen chased by a bull.

.Batch the correct e=planation to each of the characteristics

haracteristic &a' /he tan+ $hich carries li-uid in a lorry should be divided into smaller tan+s &b' the part bet$een the driverEs seat and load should have stron% steel structure &c' #afety belts &d' Airba%

7=planation Dold the passen%ers to their seat durin% collision ,revent the driver from hittin% the steerin% in an accident ,revent the load from bein% thro$n to the front /o reduce the effects of inertia $hen stopped suddenly.

2.6

ANAL2)N- MOMENT4M

[/30

100 ! ."#

A student is able to : 2.4.1 Define the momentum of an ob6ect

2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.! A.

Define momentum&p' as the product of mass &m' and velocity&v' ie p=mv #tate the principle of conservation of momentum Describe the applications of conservation of momentum #olve problems involvin% momentum *ill in the blan+ $ith the correct ans$er 1. 2. Bomentum is defined as the product of ...... and ....... /he formula of momentum is %iven by : Bomentum = ........ p 3. 4. !. ". C. ;. = ... = .......

Bomentum is a ....... -uantity /he #0 unit of momentum is .... Bomentum ......... $hen velocity ........ /he principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum in a closed ......... of ob6ect is ........ /he total momentum ....... the collision is ...... to the total momentum ...... after the collision5 if no .......... acts on the system. /he principle of conservation of momentum can be applied in &a' ........ collision &b' ........ collision &c' .........

1.

*ill in the blan+ 1.

ollision 0 : 1oth bodies separates after collision. Bomentum is ....... u1 m1 u2 m2 m1 v2 m2

1efore collision Bomentum :

after collision

2.

ollision 00 : 1oth ob6ects move to%ether after collision. ..... 0s conserved. u1 v

m1

u2 = 0 m2

m1 + m2

1efore collision Bomentum :

after collision

3. 7=plosion : /$o or more bodies in contact $ill be ...... after the e=plosion

(m1 + m2), u = 0

v1

v2 m2
after e=plosion

1efore e=plosion Bomentum : 1. omplete the table belo$ 7lastic collision &a' 1oth bodies $ill separate after collision &b' &c' /he total +inetic ener%y is conserved &c' 0nelastic collision

7=plosion /$o or more bodies in contact $ill be separated after the collision /he total momentum is conserved

/he total momentum is conserved /otal ener%y is conserved

/otal ener%y is conserved

. 1.

#olve the follo$in% problems ar A of mass 1:: +% travelin% at 3: m s-1 collides $ith ar 1 of mass G: +% travelin% at 2: m s-1 in front of it. ar A and 1 move separately after collision. 0f ar A moves at 2! m s-1 after collision5 determine the velocity of ar 1 after collision. #olution :

2:

A trolley of mass 4 +% moves at 3 m s-1 and collide $ith a trolley of mass 2 +% $hich is movin% in the opposite direction at 1 m s-1. After the collision5 both trolleys move to%ether $ith the same velocity. 4hat is their common velocity <

#olution :

3:

A bullet of mass 2 % is shot from a %un of mass 1 +% $ith a velocity of 1!: m s-1 . alculate the velocity of the recoil of the %un after firin%. #olution :