MODULE CHAPTER 6 ELECTRICITY AND MECHANISM

6.1 Generation of electricity

Energy Sources

Renewable energy source Non-renewable source

Process of Generating Electricity

1. A generator is a device used to_______________________________________.

2. A generator model (draw)

3.When the crank of the generator model is turned, a current known as induced current
is produced. The flow of this induced current ____________ the LED .

4. Electric current is produced by:

a) _____________________ which causes the magnetic field lines to be cut.

A connecting wire or solenoid is moved rapidly through the space between the magnetic
poles as shown in Figures 6.3 and 6.4. An ______________ is produced in the
connecting wire or solenoid, and it flows through the galvanometer. The pointer in the
galvanometer _________________.

b) _________________________ which causes the magnetic field lines to be cut.

A magnet is moved as shown in Figures 6.5 and 6.6 so that the magnetic field lines are
cut by the connecting wire or solenoid. An induced current is produced in the
connecting wire or solenoid, and it flows through the ______________. The pointer in
the galvanometer __________________.
Types of power station:

a) ________________________ d) __________________________

b) _______________________ e) __________________________

c) _______________________ f) __________________________

1.Thermal power Station

Mechanism:

Energy change:
 2. Power Station
using solar energy

Mechanism:

Energy change:
 3.Hydroelectric
Power Station

Mechanism:

Energy change:
 4. Power Station using
wind energy

Mechanism:

Energy change:
 5. Power Station
using nuclear fuel

Mechanism:

Energy change:
 6. Power Station
using biomass

Mechanism:

Energy change:
Direct current and Alternating Current

Direct current (d.c) Alternating current (a.c.)

Meaning

Sources

Form of waves

Examples
6.2 Transformer

1. A transformer is a ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. A simple transformer made up of _____________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. There are two types of transformers, the __________________ and

_________________________

Step –up Transformer Step- down Transformer

 TRANSFORMER EQUATION

EXAMPLE 1
Example 2 :

A transformer has 1800 turns at the primary coil and 600 turns at the secondary coil.

Given the total supply voltage is 240 V. Calculate the output voltage for the
transformer.

Solution:

Example 3

Diagram below shows a 12V bulb connected to a 240V power source that through a
transformer. What should be the number of turns in the secondary coil, Ns, for the
12V bulb to light up with normal brightness?

Solution:
6.3 Transmission and Distribution of Electricity

Component Functions

Power Station

Transformer station

National Grid Station

Switch Zone

Main Substation

Branch Substation
 Electrical Wiring System in Malaysia

1. The electrical wiring system in Malaysia consists of two different types:

a) ________________________

b) ________________________

2.

Single- phase wiring Three-phase wiring

Electricity Supply and Wiring System in Homes

Parts of the electrical Functions
wiring system
Main fuse

Electric meter

Main Switch

Circuit breaker / fuse

Fuse box

Live wire ( brown)

Neutral wire (blue)

Earth wire ( yellow and

green stripes)

3- pin plug and 2 pin-plug

3- pin plug 2- pin plug

Types of
wires

Has fuse/
does not has
a fuse

Type of
electrical
appliances
(high or low
voltage)

Diagram
Safety Components in the Wiring System in Homes

A) Fuse

1. The fuse is __________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. The function of fuse is to _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. The value of a fuse is the _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

4. Some common fuse ratings are ___________________________________________

5. The fuse to be used should have _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Replaceable wire fuse Cartridge fuse

 Fuse wire located inside the
 ________fuse rating _______
 Can be reused by _____________  _____be used once burnt

B) Earth Wire

1. ____________________coloured wire in a cable.

2. Allows ________________ into the Earth when the appliance is damaged.

C) Circuit Breaker

1. Function:_____________________________________________________

2. a) miniature circuit breaker (MCB):_________________________________

 b) Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB):__________________________________

3. Advantages of a circuit breaker:

a) ___________________________________

b)____________________________________

Things that you should do Things that you shouldn’t do

Steps to be taken if accidents are caused by electric shocks:

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________
6.4 Calculate the Cost of Electricity Consumption

1. Energy efficiency is _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2.

Solution:

Electric power, P
Example:

Electric power,P (W) Electrical energy, E ( J) Time taken (s)

20 50 s

45 20 minutes

Electric current, I

Voltage, V

Electric power, P (W) Voltage , V (V) Electric current, I (A)

50 240

240 100

Calculating flow of current through electrical appliances

Solution:

Example 2:

Suzan boils water in an electric kettle marked 2.5kW, 240 V for 8 minutes. Calculate
the amount of current that flows through the kettle.

Solution:

Calculating the Cost of Electricity used

1. Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is the electrical energy used at a rate of 1000 watts per hour.
The table below shows appliances used by Husna at her home in a day.

Appliance Power P Time (h) Electrical Electricity Electricity

Energy used (E) cost per cost
(kW)
unit, (e)
(power x time) (E x e)

IRON 2 30 min 30 cents

= ____h

AIR 18 280 s 15 cents

CONDITI
=____h
ONER

(i) the total amount of electricity used in a day =

(ii) cost of electricity used =

Ways to Conserve Electrical Energy

1.__________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________

4.__________________________________________________________