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SCIENCE FORM 3
2020
(NOTES, PBD, EXERCISE)
NAME:
CLASS:
TEACHER: PN. NOOR SHALIZA BINTI MOHD SHAHAR
CHAPTER : 8 RADIOACTIVITY
NOTES
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
8.1 DISCOVERY OF RADIOACTIVITY
History of Radioactivity
Radioactivity
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Units of Radioactivity
1. Protactinium-234(Pa-234) decays to Uranium-234(U-234) with half-life, T1/2 of 5.2 hour. Calculate the mass of
Pa-234 after 20.8 hours with its original mass of 80 g.
2. (a) Calculate the number of half lives it would take for 100 grams of Radium-223 to decay into 3.125 grams of
Radon-219.
(b) How long would it take for 100 grams of Radium-223 to decay into 3.125 grams of Radon-219 if the half life of
Radium-223 is 11 days?
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
3. A graph of activity against time for radioactive substance P is shown in Figure 8.4.
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Scientist Contribution
A German physicist who discovered X-ray accidentally and took X-ray
photographs of his wife’s hand
A French physicist who discovered radioactivity and uranium which radiates
rays that blacken the photographic plate even in dark conditions
Spouses (Poland) detected radioactive emissions through their ionising
powers and extracted the polonium and radium (radioactive) from the uranium
ore.
2. The diagram below shows a hazardous symbol that is usually labelled on elements with an unstable nucleus.
PL1
4. (a) State the process occurred on radioactive elements and the types of radioactive radiation. PL1
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
(b) The radioactive ______________ is a random and spontaneous process, in which an unstable nucleus
__________________ radioactive radiation until the nucleus becomes more stable.
(ii) Thorium-234
(iii) Cobalt-60
PL1
Based on the above statement, tick ( ✓ ) the process.
6. W h a t i s t h e f i r s t
the rate of the decay of unstable nuclei? PL1
PL1
___________________________________________________
7. What is the S.I. unit and its symbol for radioactivity? PL1
____________________________________________
8. The table below shows the time and activity of a radioactive substance
(a) State the time taken for the number of undecayed nuclei reduced to half of its original value.
________________________________________________________
.
(b) Based on the data given in the above table, draw the graph of activity against time for the radioactive substance, in the
above diagram. PL2
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
(c) What is the original activity of this radioactive substance?
_________________________________________ PL2
(e) Draw on the above graph to show how you can determine the half-life of this radioactive substance.
Half life =
PL2
_________________
9. The half-life of Radon-222, T1/2 is 3.8 days. Calculate the mass of Rn-222 after 15.2 days with its original mass of
120g.
NOTES
Structure of Atom
When the number of ______________ in an atom is the ________________ as the number of its
____________________, the atom is ________________.
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Positive Ion (Cation)
An atom that _________________________________ forms a __________________ ion (cation).
proton, p proton, p
electron, e electron, e
proton, p proton, p
electron, e electron, e
Try this!
1. a) The diagram below shows the structure of a neutral atom in stable condition. Recall the knowledge
about the atomic structure in Form 1. PL1
(b) When the number of protons in atom is the same as the number of the electrons, the atom is ________
2. Complete the spaces about the formation of positively charged ion (cation). PL2
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
3. Complete the spaces about the formation of negatively charged ion (anion).
PL2
NOTES
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Natural characteristic
Charge of particle
Ionising power
Deflection by electric field Deflected towards the Deflected towards the __________ deflected
______________ plate __________________ because gamma ray
because alpha is __ plate because beta has __________
____________ charged is ____________ charge
charged
Deflection by magnetic field Deflected ___________ Deflected ______ deflected
___________ (straight)
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
1. Ionising radiation that is absorbed into the human body will ____________________________________.
2. Due to this, the biological effect from ionising radiation on human body is measured in a quantity known
as ___________________.
3. A dose of 1 Sv is equivalent to _________________ of ionising radiation energy that is absorbed by
___________________of living tissue.
4. The unit of background radiation dose that is commonly used is
_______________________________________
3. The estimation of dose rate of ionising radiation from various sources in daily life are shown in table
below. Complete the table and tick (/) the sources that are safe for an individual and (x) for the sources that
are not safe for and individual.
Sources Dose rate of ionising / or x
radiation
Outer space: cosmic rays
TV/computer: ionising radiation
X -ray
High altitude: cosmic rays
Smoking: radioactive radiation
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Flight: cosmic rays
Environment: background radiation
Food: radioactive radiation
Building: radioactive radiation
Taking X-ray
Television
Cosmic rays
Examples of Absorption of Ionising Radiation Exceeding the Safe Level and Safety Measures that Need to be
Taken
1. As most cosmic rays are absorbed by the atmosphere, the dose of cosmic rays on the surface of Earth is
normally at a value of ____________________, which is a normal or safe level.
2. The higher a person is from the surface of Earth, the stronger the cosmic rays he receives.
3. Airline crew members such as _______________, stewards and _______________________ normally
receive cosmic ray doses _______________________ the safety level.
4. They are exposed to _________________________ in flights at _____________________. Due to this,
their ________________________ in the sky are __________________to a certain period of time.
CONTENT STANDARD: 8.3 IONISING RADIATION AND NON-IONISING
RADIATION
pbd
PBD
CONTENT STANDARD .1 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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CONTENT STANDARD : 2.1 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Types of radiation
(a) (b)
The radiation that produces positive or negative The radiation that does not produce positive or
ions when crossing the air. negative ions when crossing the air.
Examples:
(c) (d)
4. Fill in the blanks and circle the answers on the deflection of radioactive rays in an electrical field.
PL2
5. Name the devices below which are used to detect radioactive radiation or to detect the level of exposure to
radioactive radiation.
PL1
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
6. Classify the sources of the ionising radiation in the environment in the tree map below. PL1
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
These radiations are gamma rays produced outside the Solar System or from other galaxies. Tick ( ✓ ) the
radiation.
PL1
Background radiation Ultraviolet ray Cosmic ray
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Background radiations are various types of ionising radiations in the environment produced from a variety
of sources including natural resources and man-made sources. State the types of background radiations
below. PL2
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
Radon Cosmic Food Medical Nuclear Crust Industrial Radium
Waste
1. ______________ radiations
4. ________________
_____________________________________
(b) The biological effects of ionising radiation on the human bodies are measured in a quantity. Name this
quantity. ______________________________________ PL1
(c) Dos 1 Sv is equal to 1 Joule of the energy of the ionising radiation absorbed by 1 kilogram of living tissue.
(i) What is the commonly used measurement unit and symbol of the dose of the background radiation?
___________________________
(ii) The dose of the background radiation or ionising radiation which is less than 0.2 μSv/h or 1.752
mSv/year is the normal level or the safe level. Tick ( ✓ ) the estimated dose of ionising radiation
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
which is safe to the humans in daily life. PL2
NOTES
Agriculture Defence
In agriculture, the rate at which _______ Radioactive substances can be used in the field
radiation is emitted during the nuclei decay of of defence such as the _________________.
phosphorus-32 (P-32) is used to determine the Besides _______________, radioactive
_______________________________in radiation released from the explosion of a
plants. nuclear bomb__________ almost all living
Radioactive radiation is also used to kill things including humans and its effect exists
____________, control the population of for generations
_________ by sterilisation, determine the best
type of____________________, and
______________ the characteristics of plants.
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DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 8: RADIOACTIVITY
________________ of food such as fruits to _______________ using _____________
____________ in the food. - treat ___________ in the brain using
_____________________
- destroy ___________ using
________________
- Treat_____________________________
using ______________________.
CONTENT STANDARD: 8.4 USES OF RADIOACTIVE RADIATION RADIOACTIVE RADIATION IN DAILY LIFE
pbd
PBD CONTENT STANDARD .1 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
2. PL2
Tick ( ✓
) the uses of gamma radiation.
3. Complete the spaces on the safety measures while handling radioactive substances. PL2
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