CHAPTER 1 : SAFETY MEASURES IN THE LABORATORY

1.1Personal Protective Equipment

1. Identify the personal protective equipment and their functions.

Equipment Name Function

Protect the ____________ from hazardous chemical

substances such as acid, bromine, ammonia and reactive
materials.

Protects the _________ and __________ from inhaling

pungent and volatile chemical substances and dust.

Gloves made of ____________ protect the ___________

from hazardous chemical substances.

Protect clothing from _______________.

Protect the __________ from chemical substance spills

and glass splinters.

To avoid ________________ when microbiological

activities are carried out.

To carry out experiment that use substances which are

volatile, __________________, poisonous, corrosive or
________________ .

To immediately _________ and rinse parts of the body

or clothing that have come into contact with chemical
substances.

To immediately rinse and ________ eye that has come

into contact with chemical substances.

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1.2Disposal of Waste

1. Materials that can be disposed of into the sink includes :

(a) Substances with a pH value between _____ and _____ .

(b) Liquids or solutions that have a low concentration and are non-________________.

(c) Example : neutral substances, weak __________ and weak _______________ .

2. Materials that cannot be disposed of into sinks are :

Materials Examples Effect of disposing into the sink

- Shredded paper
- Eraser dust May clog up the sink.
- Saw dust
- Hydrochloric acid
Substance with pH value
- Sulphuric acid
lower than _____ and more These are strong acids and strong alkali.
- Nitric acid
than ___________ .
- Ammonia

- Paraffin
Organic solvents do not dissolve in water.
- Ether

- Grease
Harm organisms if they flow into water
- Oil
source.
- Hydrogen peroxide

- Cyanide Harmful to organisms and will pollute water

Toxic substances
- Chlorine sources.

- Mercury
Excessive exposure will leave harmful effects
- Lead
on the human body.
- Zinc

- Microbes
Lead to water pollution and poisonous.
- Carcasses

- Uranium
Lead to cell damage, cell death or formation of
-Plutonium
abnormal cells.
- Radium

- Kerosene Lead to air pollution and is a hazard when

- Petrol breathed in by organisms.

- Sodium
- Potassium React easily with other substances
- Calcium

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3. Biological waste substances include disposed biological substances that can cause serious harm or
________________________________ . These include _________ materials, tissue,
__________________, ______________ medium, ______________ container, glass and gloves.

4. Biological waste category and their examples.

Category A B C D
Type of
waste
- Syringe - Gloves - Lab animals - Blood
Examples - Needle - Tissue - Experimental - Serum
- Scalpel blade - Culture solution animals
Placed in special Packaged and placed in Wrapped in Decontaminated by
container. ___________________ ______________ _______________.
(_______________) ___________________ ______________ Disposed of directly

Standard Not _____________ Decontaminated by Packaged well in into ____________

Operating Stored in a safe autoclave. a ____________ system through
Procedure
(SOP) location. Temperature : _______ ______________ _____________ or
Pressure : __________ bag and ______________.
Time : _____________ ______________
before disposal.

5. Type of accidents that commonly occur in the laboratory :

 Hand ______ by glass splinter  _______ leak

 Hand splashed by concentrated _______ or  Contact with _________ from the reaction
alkali of reactive metals
 Small ________  Broken _________________

 Electric _____________

6. Steps to manage chemical spill accidents in the laboratory.

a) Inform __________ or ___________________________ immediately.

b) Make the spillage area a _____________________ .
c) Stop the spillage from spreading by using ___________ to form a boundary.
d) _____________ the chemical spillage.
e) _____________ of it safely.

7. Mercury poisoning happens when someone _________________ it or it ________________ through

the ____________ in certain quantities.
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8. Effect of mercury poisoning : Attack _____________ system, _________________ tract,
___________________ system and _____________.
9. Steps to manage mercury spill accidents in laboratory :
a) Inform __________ or ___________________________ immediately.
b) Make the spillage area a _____________________ .
c) Sprinkle ______________________________ onto the spillage.
d) Call the _____________________________ .
10. If an accident involving electrocution occurs, take the following steps :
a) Safely turn _______ the main switch and move victim _________ the electric source.
b) Check the body for burns. Place a ________________ piece of cloth on the burn area and wrap the
wound with a _______________ .
c) Seek ______________ attention immediately.
11. If exposed to strong acids, wash the body part with _______ and rinse with 1% ___________________
before washing the area with water again.
12. If exposed to strong alkali, wash the body part with _______ and rinse with 1% ___________________
before washing the area with water again.
13. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (_____________) manage and prepare
________________ modules in the laboratory.
1.3Fire Extinguishers
1. A fire extinguisher is a device that is used to ______________ or ________________ fire.
2. Type of fire extinguishers
Label
Type Usage Description
colour
Water ________ down the fire, thus
Water Flammable ____________ . removing the _________ element, to
extinguish the fire.
Foam has a ___________ effect. Foam
Flammable ____________.
Foam also creates a layer that ____________
Flammable ____________ and gas.
the fire from its _____________.
Fires that involves
Carbon Cuts off the _____________ supply to
_______________ appliances,
dioxide extinguish the fire.
_______ and vapour.
Cover the ___________ and form a
Dry
___________ types of fires. layer between _________ and
powder
_____________.

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3. Type of fires.

Type of fire Explanation Type of fire extinguisher

Fires that involve ___________________.

Class A
Example :

Fires that involve ___________________.

Class B
Example :

Fires that involve ___________________.

Class C
Example :

Fires that involve ___________________.

Class D
Example :

Class E Fires that involve ___________________.

Class F Fires that involve ___________________.

4. Another fire extinguisher that is commonly used is ABC fire extinguisher.

a) Can be used for _________ types of fires except fire that results from ____________ and
_____________
b) ________________ to human and animal.
c) Does not ____________ the soil.
d) __________ to maintain
e) Moisture produced lasts ____________, thus ______________ fire from spreading again.

5. Fire blanket
a) Made of _____ layers of ______________ .
b) Able to extinguish small or moderate fires that are _____________ to extinguish with water.
c) Extinguishes fire on victim when it is ______________ around him.

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6. How to use a fire extinguisher

P Pull the safety pin

A _________ the nozzle or hose

S _________the handle

S _________ evenly on the entire fire source by sweeping from side to side.

7. Running an audit on the fire extinguisher involves checking :

a) ________________________
b) ________________________
c) ________________________
d) ________________________
e) ________________________

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