Review of 1st Semester It has been awhile since our last class/homework/assessment, and we have plenty to cover between

now and the AP Exam. Since we cannot stop and review the entire 1st semester, it would be good if you can explain in your own words each term or significance of the many aspects of the political system that we have studied. We can take some time in class to make sure everyone is on the same page but for a lot of this you need to find time on your own to review. Please keep all of these ideas in your brain as we have another long vacation on the horizon. Unit I: Constitutional Underpinnings: Articles of Confederation vs. Constitution Why is American democracy successful? Constitutional Interpretations Foundation of Constitution (5 things) Articles of Constitution (1-7) Bill of Rights and Progressive Amendments Implied vs. Informal Presidential Powers Agenda Setting, who does it? Judicial Review Supremacy Clause Types of Federal Grants John Lockes Purpose of Govt. Conflict of Ratification Federalism and examples Federalist Papers (#10, 51, 78) Amendments and the process Pros and Cons of Checks + Balances Delegated v. Denied v. Concurrent Structure of Courts Marbury v Madison McCulloch v Maryland Techniques for Federal Control

Unit 2: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights: Liberties vs. Rights 14th Amendment Restraint vs. Activism 1st Amendment Trial Rights evolution Civil Rights Legislation Incorporation Habeas Corpus Due Process Non-Protected speech Civil Rights evolution Affirmative Action Debate

Cases to know: (significance, date, * means incorporation case) Barron v Baltimore Gitlow v New York* Palko v Connecticut Everson v Board of Education* Lemon v Kurtzman Engel v Vitale Oregon v Smith Schenck v US Brandenburg v Ohio Texas v Johnson Near v Minnesota New York Times v US Betts v Brady Gideon v Wainwright* Mapp v Ohio* Miranda v Arizona* Plessy v Ferguson Brown v Board of Education University of California Regents v Bakke Roe v Wade

Unit 3: Interest Groups: Faction Open Shop Free rider Amicus Curiae brief Revolving Door Iron Triangle Bundling Independent expenditures Quid pro quo Pluralism Closed shop Nongovernmental Org. (NGO) Lobbyist Issue Network PAC Soft Money Issue advocacy 527s (Super PAC)

*** Any other info that you have in your notes that you want to use to augment these terms is great. Look at all your old materials and get your brains moving again. ***