C a lc u lu s a n d G r in s h p a n

D i e r e n t ia l E q u a t io n s

M ix in g

p r o b l e m s . E x a m p l e s .

C o n s id e r t h e fo llo w in g s e t u p . A s o lu t io n o f s a lt a n d w a t e r is p o u r e d in t o a t a n k c o n t a in in g s o m e s a lty w a t e r a n d t h e n p o u r e d o u t . It is a s s u m e d t h a t t h e in c o m in g s o lu t io n is in s t a n t ly d is s o lv e d in t o a h o m o g e n e o u s m ix . G iv e n a r e t h e c o n s t a n t p a ra m e te rs: V A , t h e o r ig in a l c a p a 0 , t h e o r ig in a l a m o R in , t h e in c o m in g r a C , t h e c o n c e n t r a t io n R o u t , t h e o u t c o m in g

0

c ity u n t te o o f ra t

o f s a lty o f s a lt in f s a lty s o s a lt in t h e o f s a lty

s o lu t th e lu t io e in c s o lu

io n in t h e t a n k ( in p n ( in g a llo o m in g s o lu t io n ( in g a

ta n k o u n d n s p e t io n llo n s

( in s) r m ( in p e

g a llo n s ) in u t e ) p o u n d s p e r g a llo n ) r m in u t e )

T h e a m o u n t A ( t) o f s a lt in t h e t a n k a t t im e t n e e d s t o b e d e t e r m in e d . E Q c o m R ou e q u U A T I in g o t ) ( g a a t io n O N u t llo d e . T h e a c t u a l s a lt a t a r a t e o f VA (( tt )) n s ) is t h e v o lu m e s c r ib in g t h e v a r ia
d d t

is c o m in g in o u t ( p o u n d o f u id in t t io n o f s a lt m R V
0

a t a s p e h e t a ss R

r a t e o f C R in ( p o u n d s p e r g a llo n ) a n d r g a llo n ) , w h e r e V ( t ) = V 0 + t ( R in a n k a t t im e t . H e n c e t h e d i e r e n t ia l is
o u t

A (t) =

C R

A (t) + t(R
in

in

o u t

A (0 ) =

A
0

I f R in = R o u t = R , t h e e q u a t io n h a s a p a r t ic u la r ly s im p le f o r m c o e c ie n t s . In t h is c a s e t h e s o lu t io n is g iv e n b y A (t) = N o te th a t A (t) C V
0

a s it h a s c o n s t a n t

C V
0

+ (A
0

C V
0

)e

R V 0

a s t

I f R in = R o u t , t h e e q u a t io n c a n a lw a y s b e s o lv e d b y u s in g a n in t e g r a t in g f a c t o r . I n t h is c a s e t h e s o lu t io n is o n ly v a lid u n t il t h e t a n k w ill o v e r o w o r r u n o u t o f u id . E X A t = 0 2 0 g a H o w M P L E , b r in e l/ m in m u c h 1 . c o n a n d s a lt A ta n k t a in in g th e n th is in t h in it ia lly 5 p o u n d e m ix e d e ta n k a c o n t a in s s o f s a lt s o lu t io n fte r 3 0 m 2 p e is in 0 0 g r g a d ra u te s a l o f p u r e w a t e r . B e g in n in g a t t im e llo n is a d d e d t o t h e t a n k a t a r a t e o f in e d fr o m t h e t a n k a t t h e s a m e r a t e . ? th e ta n k t 0 . a t t im e t, A ( 0 ) = 0 .

S O L U T IO N . L e t A ( t ) b e t h e a m o u n t o f s a lt in A c c o r d in g t o o u r t e m p la t e , A (t) = In p a r t ic u la r , A ( 3 0 ) = E X A M P B e g in n in a ra te o f F in d t h e L E 2 g a t 2 g a c o n c A 5 0 0 t im e t = l/ m in a n e n t r a t io n . 1 0 0 0 (1 e -g a llo 0 , w d th e o f p n t a te w e o llu 1 0 0 0 (1 e

3
t 1 0

),

9 5 0 ( lb ) . n ta p o is a t in s 1 0 llu t a n d r a in e th e m 0 ts d o m g a llo o w a t a e n t n s o s in t ra te it o v f fre o th o f 1 e r o sh e t g a w s w a te r. a n k a t l/ m in . .

a n k o r ig in a lly c o r c o n t a in in g 5 0 % ll-s t ir r e d s o lu t io n t a n t s in t h e t a n k
1

S O L U T IO N . L e t A ( t) b e t h e m a s s o f p o llu t a n t m o m e n t o f o v e r o w , t h e n t h e d e s ir e d c o n c e n t r d i e r e n t ia l e q u a t io n A (t) d 1 , d t A ( t ) = 1 0 0 + t H e n c e d A (1 0 0 + t) + A = 1 0 0 + d t d 1 0 0 + t d t ( ( 1 0 0 + t ) A ) = (1 0 0 + t)A A (t) = = 1 0 0 t +

2 1 1

s a t t im e t , A ( 0 ) = 0 . If t 0 is t h e a t io n is A ( t 0 ) / 5 0 0 . W e h a v e t h e A (0 ) = 0 .

+ c ,

c =

1 0 0 + 2 1 0 0 + T h is s o lu t io n is o n ly v a lid fo r 0 t t h a t t 0 = 4 0 0 . T h u s A ( 4 0 0 ) / 5 0 0 = 12 25 t

t t

t 0 . S in c e 5 0 0 = 1 0 0 + t 0 ( 2 1 ) , w e c o n c lu d e o r 4 8 % is t h e a n s w e r .