S.No Functional .

group

Functional group Name

Sec.prefix (treated as a Substituent)

1.
R

O OH
O R O O R

Carboxylic acid

carboxy

sec.suffix when Ccontainig principle functional gp selected or numbered in parent chain -oic acid

sec.suffix when C-containing principle functional gp.not numbered in parent chain then use carbon containing suffix . -carboxylic acid

IUPAC

Alkanoic acid Alkanecarboxylic acid Alkane sulphonic acid Alkanoic anhydride (when both acids are same) Aalkanoic alkanoic anhydride (when both acids are different) Alkyl.alkanoate Alkylalkanecarboxylate

2. 3.

R-SO3H

Sulphonic acid Anhydride

sulpho -

-sulphonic acid -oic anhydride -carboxylic anhydride

4.
R

O OR

Ester

-oate
O

-carboxylate

(i)R C O alkanoyloxy (ii)RO alkoxy carbonyl Halo carbonyl

5.
R

O X

Acyl halide

-oyl halide

-carbonyl halide

Alkanoyl halide Alkane carbonyl halide Alkanamide Alkane carboxamide Alkanenitrile Alkane carbonitrile

6.
R

O NH2

Amide

Carbamoyl

-amide

-carboxamide

7.

R-CN

Cyanide

Cyano

-nitrile

-carbonitrile

8.

R-NC

Isocyanide

Isocyano

-isonitrile or -carbylamine or -isocyanide -al

Alkyl isocyanide or Alkyl isonitrile or Alkyl carbylamine

9.

R-CHO

Aldehyde

10.
R

O R

Ketone

(i)oxo (when carbon of CHO gp selected in parent chain (ii)formyl (when C of CHO gp not selected in parent chain Oxo or keto

-carbaldehyde

Alkanal Alkanecarbaldehyde

-one

Alkanone

11. 12. 13.

R-OH R-SH R-NH2

Alcohol Thiol Amine

Hydroxy Thio or mercapto Amino

-ol -thiol -amine

Alcohol Alkanethiol Alkanamine N-alkylalkanamine N,N-dialkylalkanamine N-alkyl-N-alkylalkanamine

General scheme of IUPAC:

secondary prefix + primary prefix + word root + primary suffix + secondary suffix

Bicyclo compound General: secondary prefix + bicyclo [x.y.z] + word root + primary suffix + secondary suffix here x : is the total no. of carbon in largest bridge except bridge head atom y : is the total no. of carbon in smaller bridge except bridge head atom z : is the total no. of carbon in smallest bridge except bridge head atom Spiro compound :

secondary prefix + spiro[x.y] + word root + primary suffix + secondary suffix

Here x : is the total no. of carbon in smaller ring except spiro atom y : is the total no. of carbon in larger ring except spiro atom