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Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Cisco proprietary protocol Classful routing protocol

Updates are broadcasted via 255.255.255.255

Works with Bellman ford algorithm Administrative distance is 100 Metric : Composite Metric (BW+Delay+Load+MTU+Reliability) Max Hop count are 255 (100 is default) Load balancing of 6 equal or unequal paths Used for large organizations
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IGRP Timers

Update timer
time between consecutive updates (90 secs) Invalid timer

time a router waits to hear updates (270 secs) the

route is marked unreachable if there is no update during this interval Flush timer time before the invalid route is purged from the routing table (630 secs) Holddown timer specifies the amount of time for which information about poorer routes are ignored. (280 secs)
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Autonomous System Number

A unique number identifying the Routing domain of the routers. Ranges from 1- 65535 Public 1 64512 Private 64513 - 65535

IGRP - Network Diagram

10.0.0.1/8 S0

11.0.0.1/8 S0

HYD

E0 192.168.1.150/24

S1 10.0.0.2/8

CHE

E0 192.168.2.150/24

S1 11.0.0.2/8

BAN

E0 192.168.3.150/2

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
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Disadvantages of IGRP

Only works on Cisco Routers Slow convergence Formation of Routing loops

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> telnet 192.168.1.150 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Hyderabad Router ================================ User Access Verification password : **** Directly Connected Networks on Hyderabad> enable HYDERABAD Router password : **** Hyderabad# configure terminal 192.168.1.0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 10.0.0.0 Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0 Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000 Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Hyderabad(config-if)# exit Hyderabad(config)#
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Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing Hyderabad(config)# ip routing Hyderabad(config)# router igrp 5 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 Hyderabad(config-router)# Configuring IGRP Router(config)# router igrp <as no> Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>

Hyderabad(config)# no ip routing Hyderabad(config)# ip routing Hyderabad(config)# router igrp 5 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 Hyderabad(config-router)# ^Z Hyderabad# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0 I 11.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 I 192.168.2.0/24 [100/8576] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0 Metric of but IGRP 100 is nothing I for IGRP routes Administrative Distance I 192.168.3.0/24 [100/10576] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0 Composite Metric Hyderabad# 10

Hyderabad# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "igrp 5" Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 49 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 5 Routing for Networks: 192.168.1.0 10.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.0.0.2 100 00:01:10 Distance: (default is 100) Hyderabad#
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Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> telnet 192.168.2.150 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Chennai Router ================================ User Access Verification password : **** Chennai> enable Directly Connected Networks on CHENNAI Router password : **** Chennai# configure terminal 192.168.2.0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 10.0.0.0 Chennai(config)# interface serial 1 11.0.0.0 Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 Chennai(config-if)# no shut Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Chennai(config-if)# interface serial 0 Chennai(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 Chennai(config-if)# no shut Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
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Chennai(config)# no ip routing Chennai(config)# ip routing Chennai(config)# router igrp 5 Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 Chennai(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 Configuring IGRP Chennai(config-router)# Router(config)# router igrp <as no> Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>

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Chennai(config)# no ip routing Chennai(config)# ip routing Chennai(config)# router igrp 5 Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 Chennai(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 ^ Chennai(config-router)# Z Chennai# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/8576] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:28, Serial1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 I 192.168.3.0/24 [100/8576] via 11.0.0.2, Metric of but IGRP 00:00:54, Serial0 100 is nothing I for IGRP routes 14 Administrative Distance Chennai# Composite Metric

Chennai# show ip protocols Routing Protocol is "igrp 5" Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 56 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 5 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 11.0.0.0 192.168.2.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 11.0.0.2 100 00:00:22 10.0.0.1 100 00:00:59 Distance: (default is 100) Chennai#
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Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> telnet 192.168.3.150 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Banglore Router ================================ User Access Verification password : **** Banglore> enableDirectly Connected Networks on Banglore Router password : **** Banglore# configure terminal 192.168.3.0 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 11.0.0.0 Banglore(config)# interface serial 1 Banglore(config-if)# ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 Banglore(config-if)# no shut Banglore(config-if)# clockrate 64000 Banglore(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Banglore(config-if)# exit Banglore(config)#
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Banglore(config)# no ip routing Banglore(config)# ip routing Banglore(config)# router igrp 5 Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 Banglore(config-router)# Configuring IGRP Router(config)# router igrp <as no> Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>

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Banglore(config)# no ip routing Banglore(config)# ip routing Banglore(config)# router igrp 5 Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 Banglore(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0 Banglore(config-router)# ^Z Banglore# show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set I 10.0.0.0/8 [100/10476] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/10576] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 Metric of IGRP 100 is nothing but for IGRP routes I I 192.168.2.0/24 [100/8576] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 Administrative Distance Composite Metric C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 Banglore#
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Banglore# show ip protocols Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 11 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 5 Routing for Networks: 192.168.3.0 11.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 11.0.0.1 100 00:01:02 Distance: (default is 100) Banglore#

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Hyderabad# ping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad# ping 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad#

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Chennai# ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Chennai# ping 192.168.3.1 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Chennai#

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Banglore# ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Banglore# ping 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Banglore#

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