This PH which is specific to every protein is called iso-electric point .

At this PH : - the protein will not move in an electric field { i.e does not have the property of electrophoresis }. - The solubility of protein is at minimum & will be precipitated . 5. Solubility of proteins : - Every ptrotein has a specific solubility at a certain PH & certain concentration of salt . - At the isoelectric point , the solubility of protein is minimum & is easily precipitated . - High concentration of neutral salts causes precipitation of proteins .This is called salting out phenomenon . Example of salting out is the precipitation of globulin by 1/2 saturation of ammonium sulfate . - Small concentration of neutral salts help the solubility of protein . This is called salting in phenomenon . Example of salting in is the solubility of globulin in water by the help of small concentration of sodium chloride . Methods of precipitation of protein : 1. At the iso-electric point . 2. By high concentration of neutral salts , e.g : sodium chloride , ammonium sulphate ,etc 3. By organic solvents which are miscible with water , e.g : ethyl alcohol , acetone , etc 4. By salts of heavy metals , e.g : silver nitrate , lead acetate , etc 5. By strongs and heavy acids , e.g : trichloracetic acid , tanic acid , etc

6. Buffering action of proteins : - A buffer solution is the solution which resists the change of its PH by the addition of acids or alkalies . - Proteins act as buffers because they contain many ionic groups . Some of these groups are negatively charged while the others are positively charged . Examples of the ionizable groups are the carboxyl group , amino group , thiol group of cysteine , imidazole group of histidine , etc. 7 . Electrophoresis : - It is the migration of proteins in an electric field at a certain PH . - Every protein migrates by a certain rate depending on the number of net electric charges carried by this protein at this PH . - In alkaline medium protein migrate to anode . In acid medium protein migrate to cathode . At the isoelectric point the protein is electrically stable & there is no movement at all .