INTRODUCTION

An escalator is a moving staircase a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal. Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, transit systems, convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public buildings.

Means of vertical transportation, for both people and other loads, have been employed by mankind since ancient times. In early agricultural societies, these devices relied on men, animal or water power to lift the load. Rudimentary rope and pulley arrangements were used to support and move the required weight. Reference to this type of equipment can be found as far back as Ancient Greece. Everyone knows that reducing energy consumption has become a priority for the India Many new methods of reducing electricity are being considered, including new technologies for escalators. In general, there are three alternatives to reduce escalator energy consumption: Turn the escalator off. Make all escalators intermittent-run escalators by installing a Automatic drive and numerous sensors to stop the escalators when no one is on it. Install a specially designed energy-saving technology to start and start the escalators by sensing the human. We also add the technology to generate power from escalators when it is in running condition by joining the Generator to the shaft of the escalator system.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

This function halts the escalator completely when not in use, then automatically restarts the escalator when sensors that incorporated in the pole with the direction indicator installed before the first step of the escalator detect a passenger. The escalator shuts down once again when no passengers are detected for a specified duration.

HARDWARE
SENSORS
Two pairs of IR Transmitter and Receiver are used as sensors. The transmitter is an IR LED and the receiver is a IR Receiver Module. When Infra red rays falls on the IR Module, it conducts electricity according to the amount of IR rays falls on it. Two sensors are connected in such a way that one sensor in way up and one sensor in way down.

MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller used in this circuit is AT89c51. According to the signal received from the sensors, it controls the motors through driver section and relays.

DRIVERS AND RELAYS

According to the signal from the microcontroller, the driver section energizes the relays to control the motors in the Esculator. Relay is an electromagnetic switch.

MOTORS
There are two DC motors connected. The DC motors have inbuilt gear setup to reduce the speed and increase the load capacity. DC motor has positive and negative polarities. If the voltage is reversed, the direction of the motor is also reversed.

ADVANTAGES:
The advantages are as follows. The Escalator can work in both automated & continuous mode. Escalator can be made ON only when required, thereby saving electrical energy by avoiding unnecessary running of escalator as an conventional one. Escalator in automated mode gives priority the last person arrived there by fulfilling demands of specific situation of number of people approaching to escalator with interference of time interval Escalator can be worked on scheduled mode.

APPLICATION:
1. Department stores/shopping: As noted above, a few escalator types were installed in major department stores. Escalators proved instrumental in the layout and design of shopping venues in the twentieth century. In Departmental Stores and Shopping Malls they are actually used to carry Shoppers & Customers from one floor to the other. It also helps individuals to move along with their Luggage. 2. Public Transportation (Railway station, Airport etc): It always help passenger to reach desired platform or gate on a given time. It also help passengers on airport to undergo fast check-inns and check-outs. 3. Factories and other Industrial Production Environments: Escalators helps to carry its workers between floors four times a day. The machines did not run all day: rather, escalators ran solely to transport employees to/from midday meals and in/out of the mill. "The profitable and practicable feature of the Escalator, from the viewpoint of the owner, is the increased efficiency of each operator due to the elimination of stair climbing." 4. Military use : Escalators were also utilized on aircraft carriers such as the , to transport pilots from "ready rooms" to the flight deck. It is used in mall elevator for power saving. It is used in hotel. It is used in seminar hall. It is used in cinema hall. It is used in air ports. It is used in officers.

FUTURE SCOPE
Skirt guard lighting that lights up passengers' feet, and handrail lighting that enhances building design. To save energy, the VX Series escalators use LEDs for all lighting, including comb lighting. In addition to the standard white, other color options (4 colors) are available for LEDs. Cuts power consumption by detecting the weight of the passengers riding the escalator at any given moment. The function automatically slows the escalator when it carries fewer passengers. Operating an escalator at high speed consumes more power; the key to saving energy lies in determining how to reduce escalator speed. A slower escalator saves energy but is less convenient for passengers. Extensive user surveys indicate that the optimal speeda speed that's energy-efficient without giving passengers the impression the escalator is running slowlyis 25 m/min. This function runs the escalator at a slow 10 m/min when carrying no passengers. When a sensor detects an approaching passenger, the escalator gently accelerates to 30 m/min. When no passengers use the escalator for a specified duration, the escalator returns to the slower speed of 10 m/min, thereby reducing energy use.

REFERENCES
Books: The first moving staircase in England- The Drapers Record Nov,19,1898 :465 Non Conventional Energy Sources Khanna Publication, Delhi By G. D. Rai Electronic Circuit Manual Data Sheets Electronics For You Magazine

Websites: www.witachi.co.jp. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalator www.howstuffworks.com www.popularscience.com www.escaltorsystem.com