Minano Nihongo 1

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007
(Gm 25/50 bi ca Minna No Nihongo)
Bi 1
Ch : t bi ny tr v sau, quy c l:
* Ch Romaji khi cc bn nhn thy ch thng tc l ch vit bng HIRAGANA, cn ch
IN l vit bng KATAKANA. V d:
<anata> : (ch thng) tc l ch ny vit bng HIRAGANA
<TEREBI> : (ch IN) tc l ch ny vit bng KATAKANA
* cc t nh <onamaewa>, <kochirawa>,<dewa>..... th y l do ng php nn c l
wa, cn khi vit bng HIRAGANA l vit ch <ha> tc l <onamaeha>, <kochiraha>,
<deha>.....
I. T VNG
<watashi> : ti
<watashitachi>: chng ta, chng ti
<anata> : bn
<anohito> : ngi kia
<anokata> : v kia
<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc ch, mi ngi
<san> : anh , ch
<chan> : b ( dng cho n ) hoc gi thn mt cho tr con ( c nam ln n)
<kun> : b (dng cho nam) ho c gi thn mt
<jin> : ngi nc
<sensei> : gio vin
<kyoushi> : gio vin ( dng ni n ngh nghip)
<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin
<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty
<shain> : nhn vin cng ty
<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn hng
<isha> : bc s
<kenkyuusha> : nghin c u sinh
<ENJINIA> : k s
<daigaku> : trng i hc
<byouin> : bnh vin
<denki> : in
<dare> : ai (hi ngi no )
<donata> : ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn)
: <sai> : tui
<nansai> : my tui
<oikutsu> : my tui (Dng lch s hn)
<hai> : vng
<iie> : khng
<shitsurei desu ga> : xin l i ( khi mun nh ai vic g )
<onamaewa> : bn tn g?
<hajimemashite> : cho l n u gp nhau
o Vn Sng- clairsang@yahoo.com
http://chuyenhungyen.net

: rt hn hnh c lm quen
<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi
<kara kimashita> : n t
<AMERIKA> : M
<IGIRISU> : Anh
<INDO> : n
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<kankoku> : Hn quc
<TAI> : Thi Lan
<chuugoku> : Trung Quc
<DOICHI> : c
<nihon> : Nht
<FURANSU> : Php
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<sakura daigaku> : Trng H Sakura
<fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph S
IMC: tn cng ty
<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in kh Power
<BURAJIRUEA> : hng khng Brazil
AKC: tn cng ty
II. NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____<ha>_____<desu>
* Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t <ha> (c l <wa>, ch khng phi l <ha> trong
bng ch - y l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l <wa> lun, cc bn c hiu
khi vit s l vit ch <ha> trong bng ch
* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t TO BE ca
ting Anh.
* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:

<watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu>
( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____<wa>_____<ja>/<dewa>
* Mu cu vn dng tr t <wa> nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny ta c th
dng <ja> hoc <dewa> i trc <arimasen> u c.
* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.
Vd:

()

<SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.>
( anh Santose khng ph i l sinh vin.)
Mu cu 3:_____<wa> _____<desu><ka>
* y l dng cu hi vi tr t
<wa> v tr t nghi vn <ka> cui cu
* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE

ca ting Anh)
Vd:

<MIRA- san wa kaishain desu ka>
( anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng?)
( anh Santose cng l nhn vin cng ty)
Mu cu 4: _____<mo> _____<desu (ka)>
* y l mu cu dng tr t <mo> vi ngha l cng l ( too trong ting Anh
m!!!!)
* y l tr tr c th dng hi v tr li. Khi dng hi th ngi tr li bt buc phi
dng <hai> xc nhn hoc <iie> ph nh cu hi. Nu xc nhn
kin th dng tr t <mo>, chn ph nh th phi dng tr t <ha>.
Cch dng: thay th v tr ca tr t <wa> v mang ngha cng l
Vd:
A: ( )
<Watashi wa BETONAMU jin desu. Anata mo ( BETONAMU jin desu ka?)
(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)
B:
<Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU jin desu. Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata mo?>
(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy phi khng)
A:
<iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.>
(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)
CH : i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi wa hoc cc cu hi trng lp ta c
th lc b bt cho cu vn ngn gn.
IMC
<MIRAsan wa IMC no shain desu>
(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)

<TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka>
(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)

<TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu>
(B Teresa 9 tui)
() ()
<ano hito (kata) wa dare (donata) desu ka>
(Ngi ny (v ny) l ai (ngi no) vy ?

<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
Mu cu 5: _____ <wa>___<no>
- y l cu trc dng tr t <no> ch s s hu.
- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngh a cu vn hay hn.
Vd:
IMC .
<IMC no shain>
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC>

<Nihongo no hon>
(Sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 6: _____<wa> <nansai><oikutsu> <desu ka>
_____ <wa><sai> <desu>

- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t) <nansai>
<oikutsu> dng hi tui
- <nansai> Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).
<oikutsu> Dng hi 1 cch lch s.
Vd:

<Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?>
(B Taro my tui vy ?)

<Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.>
(B Taro 9 tui)

<Yamada san wa oikutsu desu k a?>

(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tu i vy?)

<Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu>
(Anh Yamada 45 tui)
S m:
<ichi>
<ni>
<san>
<yon> (<shi>)
<go>
<roku>
<nana> (<shichi>
<hachi>
<kyuu>
<juu>
<juuichi>
<juuni>
<nijuu>
<nijuuichi>
<nijuuni>
<issai> 1 tui
<nijuu issai> 21 tui
<hatachi> 20 tui
Mu cu 7:
a. _____<wa> <san(sama)><desu ka>
b. _____ <wa> <dare><donata><desu ka>
- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.
- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t <dare>
<donata>
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l <dare>, khi mun ni 1 cch lch s th dng
<donata>.
Vd:
a.
<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
b.
<ano hito wa dare desu ka>
(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)

<ano kata wa donata desu ka>
(V ny l ngi no vy?)

Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( c
ngha l ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ti ng Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun t
h mnh trc ngi khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch <san> hoc
<sama> ( khi gii thiu ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao)
Mu cu 8:__A___
+ ___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.

- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)
Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ng i nc no?)
+ A san wa BETONAMU jin desu.( A l ng i Vit Nam)
Mu cu 9: ___A__ ___1_____2__
+ ___A__ __1(2)___
- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?
Vd:
A
- A san wa ENGINIA desuka, isha desuka. ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)
A
+ A san wa isha desu. ( A l bc s
Mu cu 10: ___A__ _____
A
- y l cu hi v bn cht ca mt s vt, s vic
- Nghi l: A l _____ g?
Vd:
-Kono hon wa nanno hon desuka. ( cu n sch ny l sch g?)
+ Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cu n sch ny l sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 11: ___A__
A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
- Kore wa nan desuka. (y l ci g?)
+ Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)

Mu cu 12:
A
y l cu hi lch s.
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
Vd:
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa ho c Anatano namae wa nandesuka) (
Tn bn l g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
Mu cu 13:

- y l cu hi dng hi qu hng ca ai . Dng Nghi vn t hi ni chn
- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?
Vd:
- Inaka wa doko desuka ( Qu c a bn u?)
+ watashi no inaka wa CANTO desu.( qu ti Cn Th)
Bi 2
on: January 16, 2007, 05:23:42 AM
I. T Vng
: <kore> y
: <sore>
: <are> kia
: <kono> ~ny
: <sono> ~
: <ano> ~kia
: <hon>Sch
: <jisho> T in
: <zasshi> tp ch
: <shimbun> bo
: <NOTO> tp
: <techou> s tay
: <meishi> danh thip
: <KA-DO> card
: <TELEHONKA-DO> card in thoi
: <embitsu>vit ch
: <BO-RUPEN> Vit bi
: <SHA-PUPENSHIRU> vit ch bm
: <kagi> ch kho
: <tokei> ng h

: <kasa>Ci d
: <kaban> ci cp
: <KASETTO TE-PU> bng ( casset)
: <TE-PUREKO-DA->my casset
: <TEREBI>ci TV
: <RAZIO> ci radio
: <KAMERA> ci my chp hnh
: <KOMPYU-TA-> my vi tnh
: <jidousha> xe hi
: <tsukue> ci bn
: <isu> ci gh
: <CHOKORE-TO> ko scla
: <KO-HI-> c ph
: <eigo> ting Anh
: <nihongo> ting Nht
: <~go> ting ~
: <nan> ci g
: <dou> th no
: <chigaimasu> khng ph I, sai ri
: <sodesuka> th ?
: <anou> .. ( ngp ngng khi ngh hoc suy ngh 1 vn )
<honnokimochidesu> y l cht l ng thnh
: <douzo> xin mi
: <doumo> cm n
: <doumo arigatou gozaimasu> Xin chn thnh
cm n
: <korekara osewa ninari masu> T nay mong c gip
<kochirakoso yoroshiku> chnh ti m i l ngi mong c gip .
II. Ng Php - Mu cu:
_____ <_____wa nanno~ desuka>
- ngha: _____ l ci g?
- Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s vt, hin
tng. Ta cng c th dng hi vi ngha l s hu khi thay i t hI <nan> bng
t hi <dare> m sau ny chng ta s hc ti!
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
(y l sch g?)
+ kore wa Nihongo no hon des u.
(y l sch ting Nht)
_____ <_____ wa nanyoubi desuka?>
- ngha: _____ l th my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy hm nay hoc l mt s kin s vic g .
- V d:
a. Kyou wa nanyoubi desuka.

Hm nay l th my?
+Kyou wa kayoubi desu.
Hm nay l th ba
b. KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desuka.
NOEL l th my?
+ KURISUMASU wa suiyoubi desu.
NOEL ngy th T.
_____ <_____wa nannichi desuka?>
- ngha: _____ l ngy my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1 s kin g .
- V d:
Tanjoubi wa nannichi desuka?
Sinh nht ngy my?
+ Tanjoubi wa 17(jyu nana) nichi desu.
Sinh nht ngy 17.
<kore>
<sore> <wa nan desuka?>
<are>
- ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g?
- Cch dng:
a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore> v khi vt
xa ngi tr li
b. Vi <sore> dng hi vt gn ngi ni chuyn vi mnh, khi tr li phi dng
<sore>
c. Vi <are> dng hi vt khng gn ai c nn tr li vn l <are>
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
y l sch g?
+ Sore wa Kanjino hon desu.
l sch Kanji
- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn!
- V d:
Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?
cun tp ch l tp ch g?
+ kono zasshi wa KOMPU -TA- no zasshi desu.
cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.

Phn ph lc:
<nanyobi> th my
<getsuyoubi> th Hai
<kayoubi> th Ba
<suiyoubi> th T
<mokuyoubi> th Nm
<kinyoubi> th Su
<doyoubi> th By
<nichiyoubi> Ch Nht
<nannichi> ngy my
Nht trong 10 ngy u ngi ta c cch c khc i so vi cc ngy cn lI, v chng ta
c th dng cho c hai trng hp l ngy ~ hoc ~ngy
<tsuitachi> ngy 1 ( ho c 1 ngy)
<futsuka> ngy 2 ( ho c hai ngy)
<mikka> ngy 3 (//)
<yokka> ngy 4 (//)
<itsuka> ngy 5 (//)
<muika> ngy 6 (//)
<nanoka> ngy 7 (//)
<youka> ngy 8 (//)
<kokonoka> ngy 9 (//)
<to-ka> ngy 10 (//)
Cc ngy cn li ta m bng cch rp cch m s vi ch <nichi> l c (vd:
jyuuichinichi=ngy 11.) nhng c 1 s trng hp c bit sau: v tng t cho cc s
cn li ( vd: nijyuu yokka= ngy 24)
<jyuu yokka> Ngy 14
<jyuu kunichi> ngy 19 (i m khc bit so vi m s thng thng ca s
ny l s chn khng c trng m, ku thay v kuu
<hatsuka> ngy 20 ci n ch c 1 ln thi!!! Khng lp li nha!!!
Bi 3
on: January 16, 2007, 05:26:09 AM
I. T Vng
<koko> y
<soko>
<asoko> kia
<doko> (nghi vn t) u
<kochira> ( knh ng) y
<sochira> (//)
<achira> (//) kia
<dochira> (//)(nghi vn t) u, hng no
Quote

<kyoshitsu> phng hc
<shokudo> nh n
<jimusho> vn phng
<kaigishitsu> phng hp
<uketsuke> quy tip tn
<ROBI-> i snh (LOBBY)
<heya> cn phng
<TOIRE (ote arai)> Toilet
<kaidan> cu thang
<EREBE-TA-> thang my
<ESUKARE-TA-> thang cun
<(o) kuni> quc gia ( nc)
<kaisha> cng ty
<uchi> nh
<denwa> in thoi
<kutsu> i giy
< NEKUTAI> Cravat ( neck tie)
<WAIN> ru ty (wine)
<tabako> thuc l
<uriba> ca hng
<chika> tng hm
<ikkai> tng 1
<nankai> (nghi vn t) tng my
<~en> ~ yn ( tin t Nht bn)
<ikura> (nghi vn t) Bao nhiu ( hi gi c)
<hyaku> Trm
<sen> ngn
<man> vn ( 10 ngn)
<sumimasen> xin li
<(~o) misete kudasai> xin cho xem ~
~<jya (~o) kudasai> vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~
<shin oosaka> tn a danh Nht
<ITARIA>
<SUISU> Thu S
II. Ng php - Mu cu
<koko>
_____ <soko wa _____ desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____
- Cch dng dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no

- VD:
Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn ti p tn)
<koko>
<_____ wa soko desu>

<asoko>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia.
_____
- Cch dng: dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng

c dng ch cho ai mt ni no hoc ngi no .
- VD:
a. Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou >
b. Shokudou wa ashoko desu. < Nh n kia>
______
<_____wa doko desuka.>
- ngha: _____ u?
- Cch dng: dng hi ni chn hoc a im ca mt ngi no ang u. Chng
ta c th kt hp cu hi ny cho c hai cu trc 1. v 2. trn.
- VD:
a. koko wa doko desuka? (y l u?)
b. ROBI- wa doko desuka? (i snh u?)
c. SANTOSU san wa doko desuka? ( Anh SANTOSE u?)
+ SANTOSUSAN wa kaigi jitsu desu. ( Anh SANTOSE phng hp)
_____
<kochira>
<_____wa sochira desu .>
<achira>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)

- Cch dng: Tng t vi cch hi a im, ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng n c dng
th hn s lch thip, cung knh i vi ngi ang nghe. Ngha gc ca cc t ny ln
lt l (Hng ny//kia)
- VD:
Kaigi jitsu wa achira desu. (phng h p ng kia )
Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu. (y l ngi Take Yama)
_____
<_____ wa dochira desuka?>
- ngha: _____ u? ( nu dung cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?)

- Cch dng: y l cu hi lch s cung knh ca cch hi thng thng.
- VD:
ROBI- wa dochira desuka? ( i snh hng no ?)
Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka?(ngi Take Yama l v no ?)
______ <_____ wa doko no desuka?>
______ <_____wa ~ no desu>
- ngha: _____ ca nc no vy?
______ l ca nc ~
- Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong cu tr lI, ta
c th thay i ch ng ( l mn thnh cc t nh <kore> <sore> v <are> a ra
ng trc tr t WA v i t thay th vo v tr sau tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta
c th b hn lun ci t i cho cu ngn gn.
- VD:
kono tokei wa doko no desuka? (ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)
sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu. ( l ng h Thu S)
_____ < _____ wa nanai desuka?>
_____ <______wa ~ai desu>
- ngha: ______ tng my?
______ tng ~.
- Cch dng: y l cu hi a m ca mt ni no tng th my.
- VD:
RESUTORAN wa nankai desuka? ( nh hng tng my?)
RESUTORAN wa gokai desu. ( nh hng tng nm)
_____ [/color] ( _____ wa ikura desuka?)
______ (_____wa ~ desu)
- ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu?
_____ gi ~
- Cch dng: Dng hi gi mt mn .
- VD:
kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka? ( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)
sore wa hyaku go jyuu en desu. ( ci gi 150 yn)
Phn Ph:

< nanai> Tng my
< ikkai> tng 1
<nikai> tng 2
<sangai> tng 3
<yonkai> tng 4
< gokai> tng 5
<rokkai> tng 6
<nana kai> tng 7
<hakkai> tng 8
<kyuukai> tng 9
<jyuukai> tng 10
Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.
Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao
hn ( v d: tng 11 : jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)
Bi 4
on: January 16, 2007, 05:27:28 AM
I) T VNG
<okimasu> : thc dy
<nemasu> : ng
<hatarakimasu> : lm vi c
<yasumimasu> : ngh ngi
<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp
<owarimasu> : kt thc
<DEPA-TO> : ca hng bch ha
<ginkou> : ngn hng
<yuubinkyoku> : bu in
< <toshokan> : th vin
<bijutsukan> : vin bo tng
<denwabangou> : s in thoi
<nanban> : s my
<ima> : by gi
<ji> : ~gi
<fun> <pun> : pht
<han> : phn na
<nanji> : my gi
<nanpun> : my pht
<gozen> : sng (AM: trc 12 gi)
<gogo> : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi)
<asa> : sng
<hiru> : tra
<ban> : ti
<yoru> : ti
Quote

<ototoi> : ngy hm kia
<kinou> : ngy hm qua
<kyou> : hm nay
<ashita> : ngy mai
<asatsute> : ngy mt
<kesa> : sng nay
<konban> : ti nay
<yuube> : ti hm qua
<yasumi> : ngh ngi (danh t)
<hiruyasumi> : ngh tra
<maiasa> : mi sng
<maiban> : mi ti
<mainichi> : mi ngy
<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh
<BANKOKU> Bangkok
<RONDON> Lun n
<ROSANZERUSU> : Los Angeles
<taihendesune> : vt v nh
<bangouannai> : dch v 116 (hi s in thoi)
<otoiawase> : (s in thoi) bn mun bit / hi l
<(o) onegaishimasu> : lm n
<kashikomarimashita> : hi u ri
II) MU CU - NG PHP
Ng Php
ng T
ng t chia lm 3 lai :
- ng t qu kh
- ng t hin ti
- ng t tng lai
a) ng t hin ti - tng lai
C ui l ch masu
V d :
watashi wa kuji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 9 gi )
watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

- Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh : ashita(ngy mai)... th ng t trong
cu l tng lai
V d :
ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)

( Ch e cu trn vit l he nhng c l e v y l ng php )
b) ng t qu kh

C ui l ch mashita
V d : nemashita ( ng)
tabemashita ( n)
Hin ti sang qu kh : masu - mashita
( b ch su thm ch shita vo )
Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t, nhng y l 3 tr t s cp :
a) he (c l e) : Ch dng cho 3 ng t
- ikimasu : i
- kimasu : n
- kaerimasu : tr v
b) o (ch o th hai) : Dng cho cc tha ng t
c) ni : dng cho cc ng t lin quan n thi gian nh
- nemasu : ng
- okimasu : thc dy
- yasumimasu : ngh ngi
- owarimasu : kt thc
c Bit : aimasu ( gp )
V d :
watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )
watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )

(Bi 5 cha c )
Bi 6
on: January 16, 2007, 05:29:33 AM
I/ T VNG
<tabemasu> : n
<nomimasu> : ung
<suimasu> : ht
<tabako o suimasu> : ht thu c
<mimasu> : xem
<kikimasu> : nghe
<yomimasu> : c
<kakimasu> :vit, v
<kaimasu> : mua
<torimasu> : chp
<shashin o torimasu> : c hp hnh
<shimasu> : lm, chi
<aimasu> : gp
<tomodachi ni aimasu> : g p bn
Quote

<gohan> : cm
<asagohan> : ba sng
<hirugohan> : ba tra
<bangohan> : ba ti
<PAN> : bnh m
<tamago> : trng
<niku> : tht
<sakana> : c
<yasai> : rau
<kudamono> : tri cy
<mizu> : nc
<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr
<gyuunyuu> : sa
<MIRUKU> : sa
<JU-SU> : nc tri cy
<BI-RU> : bia
<(o)sake> : ru sake
<SAKKA-> : bng
<TENISU> : tenis
CD <CD> : a CD
<BIDEO> : bng video
<nani> : ci g
<sorekara> : sau
<chotto> : mt cht
<mise> : tim, qun
<RESUTORAN> : nh hng
<tegami> : th
<REPO-TO> : bi bo co
<tokidoki> : thnh thong
<itsumo> : thng, lc no cng
<ishshoni> : cng nhau
<iidesune> : c, tt nh
<ee> : vng
<kouen> : cng vin
<nandesuka> : ci g v y ?
<(o)hanami> : vic ngm hoa
<oosakajoukouen> : tn cng vin
<wakarimashita> : hiu ri
<ja, mata> : hn gp li
II/ NG PHP - MU CU
1/ Ng Php : itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... )
Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen thng xuyn.

Cu trc :
thi gian + Ch ng + <wa> + <itsumo> + <nani>, <doko> +
<o>, <e> + ng t
V d :
<watashi wa itsumo asagohan o tabemasu>
( Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng )
Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
V d : Phan nh Phng
<watashi wa itsumo tomodachi to Phan nh Phng KURAZU de SAKKA - o shimasu>
(Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b cu lc b Phan nh Phng)
2/ Ng Php : ishshoni> (Cng nhau)
Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng vi mnh.
Cu trc :
Cu hi : (thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> + <ishshoni> + ni chn + <de>
+ <nani>; <doko> + <o>; <e>; <ni> + ng t + <masen ka>
Cu tr li :
ng : <ee>, ng t + <mashou>
Khng ng : V + <masen> (....<chotto....>
V d :
<ashita watashi wa ishshoni RESUTORAN de hirugohan o tabemasen ka>
(Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh hng nh? )
ng :
<ee, tabamashou><Vng, c thi>
Khng ng : ...)
<tabemasen, (chotto....)>
[Khng c (v g ....)]
Lu : Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
Bi 7
I\ T VNG
<kirimasu> : ct
<okurimasu> : gi
<agemasu> : tng
<moraimasu> : nhn
<kashimasu> : cho mn
<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu> Dy
<naraimasu> : hc
<kakemasu> :gi in
<[denwa o kakemasu]> : g i in thoi
<te> : tay

<hashi> : a
<SUPU-N> : mung
<NAIFU> : dao
<FO-KU> : na
<hasami> : ko
<FAKUSU> <(FAKKUSU)> : my fax
<WA-PURO> : my nh ch
<PASOKON> : my tnh c nhn
<PANCHI> : ci bm l
<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci b m giy
<SEROTE-PU> : bng keo
<keshiGOMU> : cc gm
<kami> : giy ( tc )
<hana> : hoa (ci mi)
<SHATSU> : o s mi
<PUREZENTO> : qu tng
<nimotsu> : hnh l
<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v
<KURISUMASU> : l Noel
<chichi> : cha ti
<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn
<okaasan> : m ca bn
<mou> : ri
<mada> : cha
<korekara> : t by gi
<sutekidesune> : tuyt vi qu nh
<gomenkudasai> : xin li c ai nh khng ?
<irashshai>
: anh (ch) n chi
<douzo oagari kudasai>: xin m i anh (ch) vo nh
<shitsureishimasu> : xin li, lm phin
<(wa) ikagadesuka> : c c khng ?
<itadakimasu> : cho ti nh n
<ryokou> : du lch
<omiyage> : qu c sn
<YO-ROPPA> : Chu u
Lu : t <hashi> c hai ngha. Mt ngha l a, ngha cn li l cy cu. phn
bit nu ngha l a th c xung ging (ging nh hch x vy ), cn ci kia th c
ln ging. Cn <kami> cng c hai ngha l tc v giy, nhng mnh khng bit cch
phn bit, chc da vo ngha ca cu. T <hana> th cng tng t nh
<hashi> ngha l ln ging l hoa, cn xung ging th l ci mi
II\ NG PHP - MU CU

Mu cu 1:
Cu trc: <dougu> + <de> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmasu>
Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g .
V d:

<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>
[Ti ct tc bng ko ( hoc ct giy cng c )]

<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka>
(Hm qua bn n cm ti bng g th ?) (V duyn qu )

<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>
(Hm qua ti n cm ti bng a.)
Mu cu 2:
Cu trc: <wa> + <kongo>+ <de> + <nan desuka>
Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no theo ngn ng no c l g.
V d:
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de nan desu ka>
(Good bye ting Nht l g th ?)
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de sayounara desu>
(Good bye ting Nht l sayounara)
Mu cu 3:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <agemasu>
Cch dng: Khi tng ai ci g
V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

(Ti tng qu cho bn)
Mu cu 4:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <moraimasu>
Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt ci g t ai .
V d:

<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>
(Ti nhn hoa t bn b)

Mu cu 5:
Cu trc:
+ Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>
+Tr li:
V
<hai, mou Vmashita>
<iie, mada desu>

Cch dng:Dng hi mt ai lm cng vic no cha
V d:

<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>
(Bn n cm ti cha ?)
<hai, mou tabemashita>

(Vng, ti n ri)
<iie, mada desu>

(Khng, ti cha n)
Lu :
+S khc nhau gia hai ng t <benkyoushimasu> v
<naraimasu> u c ngha l hc. Nhng <benkyoushimasu> ngh a l t
hc, cn <naraimasu> th c ngh a l hc t ai , c ngi no truyn t.
+C th thm vo cc yu t hc nh u, dp g...... cho cu thm sng ng. V vi
ng t <kashimasu>: cho mn; <karimasu>: mn,
<oshiemasu> : dy v <naraimasu> : hc th cc mu cu cng tng t nh
vy.
+Nu cu ting Vit ca mnh v d l :
"Bn ti cho ti mn qu" th khi b n vit ra ting Nht th phi vit l "Ti nhn mn qu t
bn ti" ch khng th vit l "Bn ti cho ti mn qu" v i vi ngi Nht th l iu
bt lch s. i vi ngi Nht th h lun ni l h nhn ch khng bao gi ni l ngi
khc cho mnh.
+() <dougu> : dng c
<kongo> : ngn ng
Bi 8
vo lc: Thng Mt 16, 2007, 05:32:07
I. T VNG
Trch dn

<minikui> : Xu
<HANSAMUna> : p trai
<kireina> : (cnh) p, p (gi), sch
<shizukana> : yn tnh
<nigiyakana> : nhn nhp
<yuumeina> : ni ting
<shinsetsuna> : t t
<genkina> : khe
<himana> : rnh ri
<isogashii> : bn rn
<benrina> : tin li
<sutekina> : tuyt vi
<ookii> : to ln
<chiisai> : nh
<atarashii> : mi
<furui> : c
<ii> : tt
<warui> : xu
<atsui> : (tr) nng
<tsumetai> : (nc ) lnh
<atsui> : (tri) nng
<samui> : (tri) lnh
<muzukashii> : (bi tp) kh
<yasashii> : (bi tp) d
<kibishii> : nghim khc
<yasashii> : du dng, hin t
<takai> : t
<yasui> : r
<hikui> : thp
<takai> : cao
<omoshiroi> : th v
<tsumaranai> : chn
<oishii> : ngon
<mazui> : d
<tanoshii> : vui v
<shiroi> : trng
<kuroi> : en
<akai> :
<aoi> : xanh
<sakura> : hoa anh o
<yama> : ni
<machi> : thnh ph
<tabemono> : thc n
<tokoro> : ch
<ryou> : k tc x
<benkyou> : hc tp ( danh t )

<seikatsu> : cuc sng
() <(o)shigoto> : cng vic
<dou> : nh th no
<donna> : no
<dore> : ci no
<totemo> : rt
() <amarimasen(kunai)> : khng lm
<soshite> : v
<ga,> : nhng
<ogenki desu ka> : c kh e khng ?
<sou desu ne> : nh
<fujisan> : Ni Ph S
<biwako> : h Biwaco
<SHANHAI> : Thng Hi
<shichi nin no samurai> : b y ngi v s o (tn phim)
<kinkakuji> : tn cha
<naremasu> : quen
<nihon no seikatsu ni naremashita ka>: quen vi cuc
sng Nht Bn cha ?
<mou ippai ikaga desu k a> : Thm mt ly na nh
<iie, kekkou desu> : thi, ri
<sorosoro, shitsureishimasu> : n lc ti phi v
<mata irashshatte kudasai>: l n sau li n chi nh.
II. NG PHP - MU CU
By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht
Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :
+ <ikeiyoushi> : tnh t
+ <nakeiyoushi> : tnh t <na>
1. Tnh t <na>
a. Th khng nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>
V d:
<Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.>

(Bo th t t )
<kono heya wa kirei desu.>

(Cn phng ny th sch s.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t
<ja arimasen>,

khng c <desu>
V d:
A
<A san wa shinsetsu ja arimasen>
(A th khng t t.)
<kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>

(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <deshita>
V d:
A
<A san wa genki deshita>
(A th khe.)
B

(B th ni ting.)
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <ja arimasen
deshita>
V d:
A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
B

(B th khng ni ting.)
Lu :Khi tnh t <na> i trong cu m ng sau n khng c g c th chng ta khng
vit ch <na> vo.
V d:
A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
ng: v khng c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.
A
<A san wa genki na ja arimasen deshita>
Sai: v c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.
e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung
Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th mi xut hin ch <na>
V d:
<Ho Chi Minh shi wa nigiyaka na machi desu>

(Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt thnh ph nhn nhp.)
Quc
<Quc san wa HANSAMU na hito desu>

<Quc l mt ngi p trai >
Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.
2 Tnh t
a. Th khng nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>
V d:
<kono tokei wa atarashii desu>

(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>

(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
Khi ph nh, tnh t s b i v thm vo <kunai>vn c <desu>
V d:
<BETONAMU no tabemono wa taka kunai desu>

(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)
cu trn, tnh t <takai> b thm <kunai> thnh <taka
kunai>
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
th ny, tnh t s b i v thm vo <katta>, vn c <desu>
V d:

<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashi katta desu>
(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)
cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b thm <katta> thnh
<isogashi katta>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
th ny, tnh t s b i v thm vo <kuna katta>, vn c <desu>
V d:

<kinou watashi wa isogashi kuna katta desu>
(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)
cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b thm <kuna katta> thnh
<isogashi kuna katta>
Lu : i vi tnh t khi nm trong cu th khng nh u vit nguyn dng.
V d: <isogashii> khi nm trong cu th khng nh vn l
<isogashii>
e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung

Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th vn gi nguyn ch
V d:

<fujisan wa takai yama desu>
( Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.
f. Tnh t c bit
chnh l tnh t <ii> ngha l tt. Khi i sang ph nh trong hin ti, khng nh
qu kh, ph nh qu kh th <ii> s i thnh <yo>, cn khng nh hin ti
th vn bnh thng.
V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
<yo kunai desu>: ph nh trong hin ti
<yo katta desu>: khng nh qu kh
<yo kuna katta desu>: ph nh qu kh
3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>
a. <amari>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th ph
nh ca tnh t c ngha l khng...lm.
V d:
Tnh t <na>
A
<A san wa amari HANSAMU ja arimasen>
(Anh A th khng c p trai lm.)
Tnh t

<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai desu>
(Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon lm.)
b. <totemo>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th khng
nh ca tnh t c ngha l rt.....
V d:
Tnh t <na>

<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>
<Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi>
Tnh t

<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>
<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)
4. Cc mu cu
a. Mu cu 1:

S + <wa> + <dou> + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi mt vt hay mt ngi no (t khi dng) c tnh ch t nh th
no.
V d:
<fujisan wa dou desu ka>

<Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy?>
<fujisan wa takai desu>

<Ni Ph S th cao.)
b. Mu cu 2:
S + <wa> + <donna> + danh t chung + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi mt ni no , hay mt quc gia no , hay ai c tnh ch t
nh th no (tng t nh mu cu trn nhng nhn mnh hn)
V d:
A
<A san wa donna hito desu ka>
(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)
A
<A san wa shinsetsu na hito desu>
(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)
<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy?)
<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Cn lu l khi trong cu hi t hi l <donna> th khi tr li bt buc bn phi c
danh t chung i theo sau tnh t hoc <na> theo nh ng php mc e ca hai phn
1 v 2.
c. Mu cu 3:
<hito> + <no> + <mono> + <wa> + <dore> + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi trong mt ng vt th ci no l ca ngi .
V d:
A
<A san no kaban wa dore desu ka>
<Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ?>
.......
<......kono kiiroi kaban desu>
<.......ci cp mu vng ny y.>
d. Mu cu 4:
S + <wa> + Adj 1 + <desu> + <soshite> + Adj2 + <desu>
Cch dng: <soshite> l t dng ni hai tnh t cng (r vi ngon ; p vi
sch ; t vi d.....) vi nhau, c ngha l khng nhng... m cn....
V d:

<HOCHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite kirei desu>
<Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp m cn sch s na.>
A
<A san wa minikui desu, soshite warui desu>
<Anh A khng nhng xu trai m cn xu bng na.>
e. Mu cu 5:
S + <wa> + Adj1 + <desu> + <ga> + Adj2 + <desu>
Cch dng: Mu cu ny tri ngc vi mu cu trn l dng ni hai tnh t m mt bn
l khen v mt no , cn bn kia th ch mt no (r nhng d ; p trai nhng xu
bng........).
V d:
B

<Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng.>
<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga, oishii desu>

<Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy mc nhng m ngon.>
Bi 9
on: January 16, 2007, 05:33:33 AM
I. T VNG
<wakarimasu> : hiu
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<sukina>: thch
<kiraina> : ght
<jouzuna>: .....gii
<hetana> : ......d
<ryouri> : vic nu nng thc n
<nomimono> : thc ung
<SUPO-TSU> : th thao
<yakyuu> : d cu
<DANSU> : khiu v
<ongaku> : m nhc
<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in
<JAZU> : nhc jazz
<KONSA-TO> : bui ha nhc
<KARAOKE> : karaoke
<kabuki> : nhc kabuki ca Nht
<e> : tranh
<ji> : ch
<kanji> : ch Hn

<hiragana> : Ch Hiragana
<katakana> : ch Katakana
<RO-MAji> : ch romaji
<komakaiokane> : tin l
<CHIKETTO> : v
<jikan> : thi gian
<youji> : vic ring
<yakusoku> : hn
<goshujin> : chng (ca ngi khc)
/ <otto / shujin> : chng (ca mnh)
<okusan> : v (ca ngi khc)
/ <tsuma / kanai> : v (ca mnh)
<kodomo> : tr con
( <yoku (wakarimasu)> : (hiu) r
<daigaku> : i hc
<takusan> : nhiu
<sukoshi> : mt cht
<zenzen~nai> : hon ton~khng
<daitai> : i khi
() <hayaku (kaerimasu)> : (v ) sm
<hayaku> : nhanh
<~kara> : ~v, do
<doushite> : ti sao
<zannen desu ne> : ng ti c tht
<moshimoshi> : alo
<ishshoni~ikaga desu ka> cng...c c khng?
() ..... <(~wa) chotto......> : th...(ng khng c)
<dame desu ka> : khng c phi khng ?
<matakondo onegaishimasu> : h n k sau
II. NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng php - Mu cu 1:
Ng php:
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasu> : c ci g ...
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasen>: khng c ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ + +
<~wa> + <mono ( vt)> + <ga> + <arimasu ka> : ai c ci g khng ?
V d:
Lan

<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka>
(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)

<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>
(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)
Quc
<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka>
(Quc c xe p khng?)

<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
*Ng php - Mu cu 2:
Ng php:
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasu> : hiu vn g ...
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasen>: khng hi u vn g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> +<wakarimasu ka> : ai c hiu ci vn no khng ?
V d:
Bo
<Bo kun wa nihongo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu>
(Vng, ti hiu cht cht>
Quc
<Quc kun wa kankokugo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa kankokugo ga zenzen wakarimasen>
(Khng, ti hon ton khng hi u)
*Ng php - Mu cu 3:
Ng php:
Danh t +
+
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...

Danh t +
+
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...

Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +

<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <suki> + <desu ka> : ai c thch ci g hay khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <kirai> + <desu ka> : ai c ght ci g khng ?
V d:
Long
<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka>
(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki desu>
(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)
A
<A san wa KARAOKE ga suki desu ka>
(A c thch karaoke khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa KARAOKE ga amari suki ja arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng thch karaoke l m)
Ch : Cc bn nn hn ch dng <kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi ngi Nht, nu
cc bn ch hi khng thch th nn dng ph nh ca <suki> l
<suki ja arimasen> cng vi <amari> gim mc ca cu ni , tr khi mnh qu
ght th .
*Ng php - Mu cu 4:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <jouzu> + <desu> : gii ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <heta> + <desu> : d ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> + <desu ka> : ai c gi i v ci g khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g khng ?
V d:
B

(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)
B
<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja arimasen>
(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)
A
<A san wa SUPO-TSU ga jouzu desu ka>
(A c gii th thao khng ?)
A
<hai, A san wa SUPO-TSU ga totemo jouzu desu>
(Vng, anh A rt gii th thao)

Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn trnh dng <heta> v n c th gy mch
lng ngi khc y. Ch nn dng ph nh ca <jouzu> cng vi <amari>
l <amari jouzu ja arimasen> tr khi ngi qu d.
*Ng php - Mu cu 5:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
V d:
A
<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta>
(Sng nay A khng n trng)
Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :
B:
B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><T i sao sng nay bn khng n
trng?>
A:
A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshi ta kara>
(Bi v ti khng khe)
*Ng php - Mu cu 6:
V l do g nn lm ci g .
,
~
+ danh t + V
<~kara>, <~wa> + danh t + <wo> + <Vmasu>
V d:

<watashi wa nihongo no hon ga arimasen kara>
(Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht>

<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua sch ting Nht)

<watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu kara>
(Bi v ti c nhiu tin)

<watashi wa kuruma wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua xe hi)
*Ng php - Mu cu 7:
Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +
Ch ng + <donna> + danh t chung + <ga> + <jouzu>/<suki> + <desu ka> : Ai c
gii/thch v mt loi ca mt lnh vc no .
V d:
A /

<A san wa donna SUPO-TSU ga suki / jouzu desu ka>
(Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ?)
/
<watashi wa SAKKA- ga suki / jouzu desu>
(Ti thch/gii bng )
Bi 10
on: January 16, 2007, 05:34:35 AM
I. T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)

<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<iroirona> : nhiu loi
<otoko no hito> : ngi n ng, con trai
<onna no hito> : ngi ph n, con gi
<inu> : con ch
<neko> : con mo
<ki> : cy
<mono> : vt
() <FIRUMU><(FUIRUMU)> : cu n phim
<denchi> : cc pin
<hako> : ci hp
<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in
<reizouko> : t lnh
<TE-BURU> : bn trn
<BEDDO> : ci ging
<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo
<mado> : ca s
<POSUTO> : thng th
<BIRU> : ta nh cao tng
<kouen> : cng vin
<kissaten> : qun nc
<honya> : tim sch
<ya> : hiu, sch
<noriba> : bn xe, bn ga, tu
<ken> : huyn (tng ng tnh ca VN)
<ue> : trn
<shita> : di
<mae> : trc

<ushiro> : sau
<migi> : bn phi
<hidari> : bn tri
<naka> : bn trong
<soto> : bn ngoi
<tonari> : bn cnh
<chikaku> : ch gn y
<tono aida> : giav
() <ya(nado)> : chng hnhay (hoc)
<ichiban> : nht
<danme> : ngn th
() <(doumo) sumimasen> : xin l i
trong
<CHIRISO-SU> : tng t
<SUPAISUKO-NA-> : quy gia v
II. NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 1:
Ng Php:
Noun + +
Noun + <ga> + <imasu> : c ai , c con g
Mu Cu:

<doko> + <ni> + <dare> + <ga> + <imasu ka> : u c ai vy ?
V d:

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai v y ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 2:
Ng Php:
Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ?
/ + + /
<dare / nani> + <ka> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka>
i vi lai cu hi ny, cu tr li bt buc phi l:
/
: pha

<hai, imasu / arimasu>
hoc l:
/
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
Ch :
Cc bn cn phn bit cu hi tr t <ga> v <ka> i vi ng t <imasu> v
<arimasu>
Cu hi c tr t <ga> l yu cu cu tr li phi l k ra (nu c) hoc nu khng c th
phi tr li l:
/ /
<nani / dare mo arimasen / imasen>
V d:
Tr t <ga>

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai v y ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )
hoc l:

<kouen ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong cng vin khng c ai c )
Tr t <ka>
/ /
<kissaten ni dare / nani ka imasu ka / arimasu ka>
(Trong qun nc c ai / vt g khng ?)
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
(Vng c)
hoc l:
, /
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
(Khng c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 3:
Ng Php:
<shita (bn di)>
<mae (ng trc)>
<migi (bn phi)>
<naka (bn trong)>
<tonari (bn cnh)>
<aida ( gia)>
<ue ( trn)>
<ushiro (ng sau>
<hidari (bn tri)>
<soto (bn ngoi)>
<chikaku (ch gn y)>

Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr
+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /
<tokoro> + <no> + t xc nh v tr + <ni> + <dare> / <nani> + <ga> + <imasu ka /
arimasu ka> : u c ai hay vt g, con g
V d:

<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)

<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)

<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ?)

<watashi no kokoro no naka ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c )
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 4:
Ng Php:
Mu cu <arimasu> v <imasu> khng c tr t <ga>
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn +
+ t ch v tr +

/
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> + <arimasu> /
<imasu>
V d:

<HANOI shi wa doko ni arimasu ka>
(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)

<HANOI shi wa betonamu ni arimasu>
(Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam)
Khi vt no hay ai l ch ng th sau ni chn v trc ng t <arimasu>
v <imasu> khng cn tr t <ga>
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 5:
Ng Php:
()<ya(nado)> : Chng hn nh....
V d:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>

(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)
Cch 1:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue to hon to enpitsu to kaban to jis ho ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch, c p, t in.)
Cch 2:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue ya hon nado ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn nh bn, sch...)
Nh vy cch dng ()<ya(nado)> dng rt ngn cu tr li, khng cn
phi lit k ht ra.
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 6:
Ng Php:
Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + +
/
Danh t 1 + <wa> + Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> +
<arimasu> / <imasu>
Hoc:
Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + +
/
Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + Danh t 3 + <ga> +
<arimasu> / <imasu>
V d:

<kissaten wa honya to hana ya no aida ni arimasu>
(Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa)
Hoc:

<honya to hanaya no aida ni kissaten ga arimasu>
( gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt qun nc)
Bi 11
on: January 16, 2007, 05:35:38 AM
I T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)
[] [nihon ni imasu] : Nht Bn
<kakarimasu> : mt, tn
<yasumimasu> :ngh ngi

<hitotsu> : 1 ci ( vt)
<futatsu> : 2 ci
<mittsu> : 3 ci
<yottsu> : 4 ci
<itsutsu> : 5 ci
<muttsu> : 6 ci
<nanatsu> : 7 ci
<yattsu> : 8 ci
<kokonotsu> : 9 ci
<too> : 10 ci
<ikutsu> : bao nhiu ci
<hitori> : 1 ngi
<futari> : 2 ngi
<nin> : ngi
<dai> : ci, chic (my mc)
<mai> : t, (nhng vt mng nh o, giy...)
<kai> : ln, tng lu
<ringo> : qu to
<mikan> : qut
<SANDOICHCHI> : sandwich
() <KARE(RAISU)> : (cm) c ri
<AISUKURIMU> : kem
<kitte> : tem
<hagaki> : bu thip
<fuutou> : phong b
<sokutatsu> : chuyn pht nhanh
<kakitome> :gi bo m
<EAMERU> : (gi bng) ng hng khng
<funabin> : gi bng ng tu
<ryoushin> : b m
<kyoudai> : anh em
<ani> : anh trai (ti)
<oniisan> : anh trai (b n)
<ane> : ch gi (ti)
<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)
<otouto> : em trai (ti)
<otoutosan> : em trai (b n)
<imouto> : em gi (ti)
<imoutosan> : em gi (b n)
<gaikoku> : nc ngoi
<jikan> : ting, gi ng h
<shuukan> : tun
<kagetsu> : thng
<nen> : nm
<gurai> : khong
<donokurai> : bao lu

<zenbude> : tt c, ton b
<minna> : mi ngi
<dake> : ch
<irashshaimase> : xin mi qy khch
() <ii (o)tenki desu ne> : tr i p qu nh !
<odekake desu ka> : i ra ngoi y h ?
<chotto made> : nmt cht
<itteirashshai> : (anh) i nh (l ch s hn)
<itterashshai> : (anh) i nh
<itte mairimasu> : (ti) i y (l ch s hn)
<itte kimasu> : (ti) i y
<sorekara> : sau
<OSUTORARIA> : nc c
II NG PHP - MU CU
Mu Cu - Ng Php 1:
* Ng Php:
V tr ca s lng trong cu : ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + + / / / / ... + /
Danh t + <ga> + <tsu / nin / dai / mai / kai...> + arimasu / imasu
* V d:

<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga hitori imasu>
(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng.)

<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni mai arimasu>
(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 2:
* Ng Php:
Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g : <wo> + <kudasai>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + <wo> + s lng + <kudasai>
* V d:
<kami wo ni mai kudasai>
(a cho ti hai t giy, lm n)

Mu Cu - Ng Php 3:
* Ng Php:
Trong khong thi gian lm c vic g : tr t <ni>
* Mu Cu:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>
* V d:

<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>
(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 4:
* Ng Php:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g .
<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha l khong bao nhiu .
* Mu Cu:
<dono kurai> + danh t + <wo> + V <V masu>
danh t + <ga> + s lng + <gurai> + / <arimasu / imasu>
* V d:
Long
<Long san wa dono kurai nihon go wo benkyou shi mashita ka>
(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)

< san nen benkyoushi mashita>
(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)

<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>
(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio vin.)
Lu : Cch dng cc t hi s lng cng tng t tc l cc t hi vn ng sau tr
t.
* V d:

<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan dai
arimasu ka>
(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)

<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi dai dake arimasu>
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
A
<A san no gokazoku ni hito ga nan nin imasu ka>
(Gia nh ca anh A c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)

<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo nin imasu>
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
Bi 12
on: January 16, 2007, 05:37:20 AM
NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
Gii thiu v cch s dng Tnh t , Tnh t <na>
( Xin xem li BI 8 )
* Ng php 2:
C php ca cu so snh hn:
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + Adj +
Noun 1 + <wa> + Noun 2 + <yori> + Adj + <desu>
* V d:

<BETONAMU ryouri wa nihon ryouri yori yasui desu>
(Thc n ca Vit Nam th r hn thc n Nht Bn)

<kono kuruma wa ano kurama yori ookii desu>
(Chic xe hi ny th ln hn chic xe hi kia)
* Ng php 3:
C php ca cu hi so snh:
Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + + + Adj +
Noun 1 + <to> + Noun 2 + <to> + <dochira> + <ga > + Adj + <desu ka>
C php ca cu tr li:
Noun + + + + Adj +
Noun + <no> + <hou> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>
* V d:
A B
<A san to B san to dochira ga HANSAMU desu ka>
(Gia anh A v anh B th ai p trai hn ?)
A
<A san no hou ga HANSAMU desu>
(Anh A p trai hn)
* Ng php 4:
C php ca cu so snh nht:
<doko>
<itsu>

<dare>
Noun + <de> + <nani> + <ga> + <ichiban> + Adj + <desu ka>
<dore>
<.......>
* V d:

<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka desu ka>
( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht vy ?)

<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban nigiyaka desu>
( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn nhp nht)

<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban sega takai desu ka>
(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)

<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban sega takai desu>
(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)
Bi 13
on: January 16, 2007, 05:39:02 AM
NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>
Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt ci g .
V d:

<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)

<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
* Ng php 2:
+ (, ) + V + + ()
<Nani> + <ga(wo, e)> + V<tai> + <desu> + <(ka)>
ng t trng ng php ny c ui l <tai>, cch i nh sau:
b <masu> thm <tai>
<tabe masu> --------------> <tabe> ---------------> <tabe tai> : mun
n

<ne masu> --------------> <ne> ---------------> <ne tai> : mun ng
Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .
V d:

<ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka>
(Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?)

<ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeri tai desu>
(Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.)
A
<A san wa nani wo tabe tai desu ka>
(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)

(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)
Ch : Khi m cu hi l <hoshii> th cu tr li phi l <hoshii>. Cn cu hi
l <tai> th cu tr li cng phi l <tai>
* Trng hp ph nh ca tnh t <hoshii> v V <tai> (y l ng t nhng
ph nh nh tnh t)
- V y l tnh t nn ph nh ca n s l:
b thm <kunai>
<hoshii> ---------> <hoshi> ------------------> <hoshi kunai> (khng
mun)
V <tai> ---------> V <ta> ------------------> V <takunai> (khng mun lm)
V d:

<watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshi kunai desu>
(Ti khng mun c bn.) (C n )

<watashi wa PAN ga tabe takunai desu>
(Ti khng mun n bnh m.)
* Ng php 3:
Noun (ni chn) + <e> +Noun (V khng <masu> + <ni> + <iki masu> /
<ki masu> / <kaeri masu>
Cch dng: Dng khi mu n biu th rng : i n u lm g .
V d:
* ng t

<watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu>
(Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.)

* Danh t

<ashita, watashi wa kyouto no omatsuri ni iki masu>

(Ngy mai ti i n l hi Tokyo)
Bi 14
on: January 16, 2007, 05:44:00 AM
NG PHP
Ng php bi ny rt l kh, v y l mt trong nhng ng php thng xuyn dng trong
ting Nht, nu khng nm k phn ny, cc bn s khng th no bc ln tip uc.
* Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)
Trc gi chc hn cc bn khi hc ng t u ch hc qua ch khng h l ng t
trong ting Nht c chia lm 3 nhm. Trc khi vo th <Te>, cc bn cn phi nm
vng v bit cch phn bit ng t no nhm no.
A CC NHM NG T
1) NG T NHM I
ng t nhm I l nhng ng t c ui l ct (trc <masu> tc l nhng ch
sau y:
, <shi>, <chi>, <ri>, <hi>, <gi>, <ki>, <ni>...
V d:
<asobi masu> : i chi
<yobi masu> : gi
<nomi masu> : ung
...........
Tuy nhin cng c mt s ng t c gi l c bit. Nhng ng t tuy c ui l ct
nhng c th n nm trong nhm II, hoc nhm III. Tuy nhin nhng ng t nh th
khng nhiu.
V d:
<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)
<kari masu> : mn (thuc nhm II)
<ki masu> : n (thuc nhm III)
2) NG T NHM II
ng t nhm II l nhng ng t c ui l ct <e>(trc <masu> tc l nhng
ch sau y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>, <be>.....
V d:
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m

..........
ng t nhm ny th hu nh khng c ngoi l (t ra l ti thi im Hira ang hc) .
3) NG T NHM III
ng t nhm III c gi l DANH - NG T. Tc l nhng ng t c ui l ch
<shi>, v khi b <masu> v <shi> ra th ci phn trc n s tr thnh danh t.
V d: b <masu>
<benkyoushi masu>: hc ---------------><benkyou> : vic hc
: hc ---------------> : vic hc
<kaimonoshi masu>: mua s m --------------><kaimono> : s mua sm
: mua sm --------------> : s mua sm
.......
Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l danh ng
t.
V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.
.............
B TH TE
Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn hc qua ng
t nhng th <masu>, v nhng ng t c ui l <masu>. V by gi th
Te chnh l t th masu chuyn thnh da vo mt s quy tc. y l quy tc c bn:
1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia rc ri nht.
* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh 
<kaki masu> : vit -------------------------------- ><kaite>
: vit -------------------------------- >
<kikimasu> : nghe-------------------------------><kiite>
: nghe------------------------------->
<aruki masu> : i b-------------------------------><aruite>
: i b ------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi> cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh 
<oyogi masu>: bi --------------------------------------------- -><oyoide>
: bi ---------------------------------------------- >
<isogi masu> : vi v-------------------------------------------- ><isoide>

: vi v ------------------------------------------- >
* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>, <bi> cc bn s i thnh <n de>
V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi> . Thm <n de>
<nomi masu> : ung --------------------------------------- ><nonde>
: ung --------------------------------------- >
<yobi masu> : gi ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: gi --------------------------------------- >
<yomi masu> : c --------------------------------------- ><yonde>
: c ---------------------- ---------------->
i vi hai ng t <yobi masu> v <yomi masu> th khi chia th <te>,
cc bn phi xem xt ng cnh ca cu bit c n l ng t <yobi masu>
hay ng t <yomi masu>.
* Nhng ng t c ui l , <chi>, <ri> cc bn i thnh <tsu nh v ch
te> (khng bit phi vit sao
V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,( ,(<chi> . Thm <tsu nh v ch te>
<magari masu>:quo ---------------------------------------- ><magatte>
:quo ---------------------------------------- >
<kai masu> : mua ---------------------------------------- ><katte>
: mua ---------------------------------------- >
<nobori masu> : leo ---------------------------------------- ><nobotte>
: leo ----------------------------------------- >
<shiri masu> : bit ----------------------------------------- ><shitte>
: bit ----------------------------------------- >
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch cn thm <te>
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<oshi masu> : n -----------------------><oshi te>
: n ----------------------->
<dashi masu>: gi-----------------------><dashi te>
: gi ---------------------->
<keshi masu> : tt----------- -----------><keshi te>
: tt----------------------->
* Ring ng t <iki masu> do l ng t c bit ca nhm I nn s chia nh
sau:
b <masu>, <ki>. Thm <tsu nh v te>

<iki masu> : i---------------------------------><itte>
: i--------------------------------->
2) NG T NHM II
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II, v y l nhm c cch chia n gi n nht.
* i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b <masu> thm <te>.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<tabe masu> : n -------------------------------><tabete>
: n ------------------------------->
<ake masu> : m -------------------------------><akete>
: m ------------------------------->
<hajime masu> : bt u----------------------------><hajimete>
:bt u --------------------------->
* Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit thuc nhm II, cch chia nh sau:
b <masu> thm <te>
<abi masu> : tm----------------------------><abite>
: tm---------------------------->
<deki masu> : c th-------------------------><dekite>
: c th--------------------->
 : c------------------------------><ite>
: c------------------------------>
<oki masu> : thc dy----------------------><okite>
: thc dy---------------------->
<ori masu> : xung (xe)------------------><orite>
: xung (xe)------------------>
<kari masu> : mn-------------------------><karite>
: mn------------------------->
3)ng t nhm III
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm III. V nhm ny cch chia c ng v cng n
gin.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<shi masu> : lm, v ---------------------------><shi te>
: lm, v --------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do ---------------------------><sanposhite>
: i do --------------------------->
<benkyoushi masu>:hc ----------------------------><benkyoushite>
: hc --------------------------->
y l ng t c bit nhm III:
<ki masu> : i --------------------><kite>

: i -------------------->
* Ng php 2:
- Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th <te>, th cc bn va
mi hc.
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .
V d:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>
(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny)

<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>
(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)
* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh
V d:
*
<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete imasu>
(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)
*
<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>
(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)
+
<hai, futte imasu>
(, ng vy)
+
<iie, futte imasen>
(Khng, khng c ma)
* Ng php 3:
- Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ?
V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>
V d:

<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>
(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>
(Vng, lm n.)
Bi 15
on: January 16, 2007, 05:46:41 AM
NG PHP
Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi 14.
* Ng php 1:
- Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h
c th lm iu g .
V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>
V d:

<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>
(Bn c th chp hnh)

<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>
(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)
* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nn
<ha> trong bng ch, nhng vn c l <wa>.
khi vit phi vit ch
V d:

<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>
(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)

<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>
(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?)
*
<hai, ii desu>
(c ch.)
*
<iie, ikemasen>
(Khng, cc con khng c php)
Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen> th
nu bn tr li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php
* <iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> : khng c php
Lu : i vi ng t <shitte imasu> c ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph nh l

<shiri masen>
V d:

<watashi no denwa bango wo shitte imasu ka>
(Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?)
*
<hai, shitte imasu>
(Bit ch)
*
<iie, shirimasen>
(Khng, mnh khng bit)
Bi 16
on: January 16, 2007, 05:49:57 AM
I/Ng php+ Mu cu 1
Ng php:Cch ghp cc cu n thnh cu ghp b ng cch dng th
Mu cu:V1 V2 V
Vidu:
Ti dy vo lc 6 gi sng, n sng , ri n trng.
Ti qua, ti lm bi tp, xem ti vi, c sch mt cht ri ng.

II/ Ng php+Mu cu 2
*Ng php:Ni 2 hnh ng li vi nhau. Sau khi lm ci g ri lm ci g .
*Mu cu:V1
*V d:
Sau khi n cm th ti i xem phim.
III/Ng php +Mu cu 3
*Ng php:Ni v c im ca ai , ca ci g hoc mt ni no .
*Mu cu:N1 N2 A
N y l danh t, N2 l thuc tnh ca N1, A l tnh t b ngha cho N2.
*V d:
+
Nht Bn th c nhiu ni.
+HaNoi Pho
H Ni th ph ngon.
IV/ Ng php+Mu cu 4
*Ng php: Cch ni cu i vi tnh t
*Mu cu:
Tnh t ui b thm
Tnh t ui b thm
*V d:
Cn phng ny va rng va sng
C ta va p va tt bng.
Bi 17
on: January 16, 2007, 06:00:22 AM
I\ Mu cu yu cu ai khng lm g y.
*Cu trc : V
-Cch chia sang th
_Cc ng t thuc nhm I: Tn cng ca ng t l
th tng ng khi chuyn sang th se l
~V d:
(Khng ht ...)
( Khng i ...)
_Cc ng t thuc nhm II: Tn cng ca ng t thng l
tuy nhin cng c nhng ngoi l l nhng ng t tuy tn cng khng phi
vn vn thuc nhm II. Trong khi hc cc bn nn nh nhm ca ng t . Cc ng t
nhm II khi chuyn sang th th ch vic thay bng .
~V d: -> ( Khng n...)
-> ( Khng cho vo...)
_Cc ng t thuc nhm III: l nhng ng t tn cng thng l khi chuyn
sang th th b thm ~V d: -> ( ng
lo lng...)
** -> Khng n..)
~V d cho phn ng php:
Xin ng ht thuc
Xin ng qun tin :grin:

II\ Mu cu phi lm g :
* Cu trc: V ->V Th b thay bng
~V d:
Ti phi lm bi tp
Ti phi ung thuc

III\ Mu cu khng lm g cng c
*Cu trc: V ->V ( B thay bng
~V d:
Khng n sng cng c
Ngy mai khng n trng cng c

Bi 18
on: January 16, 2007, 06:03:58 AM
NG PHP
Bi ny, chng ta s c hc mt th mi (theo gio trnh Minna) nh ng qu quen vi
mt s gio trnh khc. l th :
<jishokei> (Th t in) hay cn gi l th nguyn mu thc cht l th nguyn

mu ca mi ng t. Khi ngi Nht qua y dy ting Nht, v lch s h dng
<nagaikatachi> (tc th <masu> dy chng ta. V th cc bn thy tt c
mi ng t chng ta hc t trc n gi u bt u th <masu> trc ri mi
chuyn qua cc th khc. Th nhng iu li gy kh khn cho chng ta cch chia
ng t, bi v thc cht chia t th nguyn mu sang cc th khc li d hn l t th
<masu> chia sang cc th khc. Tuy nhin nu bn no c th tip thu tt th ci kh khn
ny ch l g c.
V d:
+ Chia t th <masu> sang th mnh lnh (th ngn ca <tekudasai> sau ny s hc)
----------->
kakimasu---------->kake
------------>
machimasu----------- > mate
+ Chia t th nguyn mu sang th mnh lnh
----------->
kaku ----------->kake
------------>
matsu------------> mate
Nhn th cc bn cng bit cch no d chia hn phi khng.
Th nhng chng ta qu quen vi cch chia th nht nn chng ta s khng thay i.
Cn cch chia th hai th l ca trng Sakura s dng (V Hira hc song song hai bn nn
bit)
A TH NGUYN MU
INHM I
i vi ng t nhm I cc bn b <masu> v chuyn ui t ct (i) sang ct (u)
V d:

b <masu> i ct (i) thnh ct (u)
------------------------>------------------------------> : vit
kakimasu kaki kaku
------------------------>------------------------------> : mua
kaimasu kai kau
------------------------>------------------------------> : ci ra
nugimasu nugi nugu
------------------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np
dashimasu dashi dasu
------------------------>------------------------------> : ng
tachimasu tachi tatsu
----------------------->-------------------------------> : gi
yobimasu yobi yobu
----------------------->-------------------------------> : c
yomimasu yomi yomu
------------------------>------------------------------- > : chp (hnh)
torimasu tori toru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm II th rt l n gin. Cc bn ch vic b <masu>, thm <ru>
V d:
b <masu> thm <ru>
------------------------------------- > :n
tabemasu taberu
----------------------------------- > : nh
oboemasu oboeru
---------------------------------> : suy ngh
kangaemasu kangaeru
------------------------------------- > : tm (ng t c bit)
abimasu abiru
------------------------------------- > : c th (dng t c bit)
dekimasu dekiru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>

V d:
i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>
------------------------------------------------- > : hc
benkyoushimasu benkyousuru
-------------------------------------------------> : kt hn
kekkonshimasu kekkonsuru
------------------------------------------------- > : n (ng t c bit)
kimasu kuru
B NG PHP
INg php 1:
+Ai c th, c kh nng lm g .
+Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi <koto ga dekimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V( + + +
Noun +wo + V(jishokei) + koto + ga + dekimasu
V d:

<watashi wa 100 ME-TORU oyogu koto ga dekimasu>
(Ti c th bi 100 mt)
A
A
A san wa kanji wo 300 ji oboeru koto ga dekimasen
(Anh A khng th nh 300 ch kanji)
IINg php 2:
+i vi ng t chia th nguyn mu cng vi <maeni>
danh t cng vi <no> cng vi <maeni>
thi gian cng vi <maeni>
C php:
Noun + + V() + : Trc khi lm ci g ,.........
Noun + wo + V(jishokei) + maeni
Noun + + : Trc ci g ,................
Noun + no + maeni
+ : Cch y........,.......... ....
jikan + maeni
V d:

<watashi wa mainichi neru maeni, manga wo yondeimasu>
(Mi ngy trc khi ng, ti u c truyn tranh)

<shiken no maeni, benkyoushita bunpou wo fukushuushi nakerebanarimasen>
(Trc k thi, phi n li nhng vn phm hc)
DamSen
DamSen
<3 nen maeni, DamSen kouen e kimashita>
(Cch y 3 nm ti n cng vin m Sen)
IIINg php 3:
+ S thch l g
+ Chia ng t (nu c) th nguyn mu cng vi <kotodesu>
C php:
Noun + V() + +
Noun + V(jishokei) + koto + desu
V d:
Q : A
A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka
(A san, s thch ca bn l g vy)
A :

watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu
(S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh)

Bi 19
on: January 16, 2007, 06:06:01 A M
NG PHP
ATH <TA>
Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th <ta>. V sao
khng mi, l v cch chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch chia ca th <te>. Cc
bn ch vic chia nh th <te> v thay <te> thnh <ta>
V d:
-------------------->--------> : vit (nhm I)
kakimasu kaite kaita
-------------------->-------- > : c (nhm I)
yomimasu yonde yonda
-------------------->--------> : n (nhm II)
tabemasu tabete tabeta
--------->--------> : hc (nhm III)
benkyoushimasu benkyoushite benkyoushita
B NG PHP
INg php 1:
+ tng lm vic g cha ?
+ Chia ng t th <ta> cng vi <koto ga arimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V() +
Noun + wo + V(ta) + koto ga ari masu
V d:

<watashi wa okinawa e itta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng i n okinawa)

<watashi wa sushi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng n sushi)
IINg php 2:
+ Lit k nhng vic lm mt cch tng trng.
+ Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th <te> ca
ng t, nhng nu dng cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic mnh lm ra. Cn ng

php ny th cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm tng trng thi.
+ Chia th <ta> ca ng t, cng vi <ri>. ng t cui l <shimasu> v dch
l "no l....,no l......"
C php:
V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +.........+
V1(ta) + <ri> , + V2(ta) + <ri> , + V3(ta) + <ri> +........ + <shimasu> : no l...,no
l......
V d:
A
A
<A san, maiban nani wo shimasu ka>
(A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?)

<Maiban, watashi wa hon wo yonda ri, TEREBI wo mita ri shimasu>
(Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....>
IIINg php 3:
+ Tr nn nh th no .
C php:
Danh t + <ni> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (i) (b i) + <ku> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (na) + <ni> + <narimasu>
V d:

<TERESA chan wa, se ga taka ku narimashita>

HOCHIMINH
HOCHIMINH
<Ima, HOCHIMINH shi wa kirei ni narimashita>
(By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri>

<kotoshi, watashi wa 17 sai ni narimashita>
(Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)
Bi 20
on: January 16, 2007, 06:07:45 AM

NG PHP
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu n, cc bn
s rt kh khn khi hc ln cao v lng tng trong vi c giao tip vi ngi Nht.
Xin gii thiu:
<futsuukei> (ng Du)
<mijikaikatachi> (Sakura)
C hai cch gi m trng ng Du v Sakura s dng u ch ni v TH NGN. Nhng
m cch ging v mt s ch trong bi hc th hi khc nhau. y Hira s ghi theo kinh
nghim ca mnh.
A - Gii thiu:
Th ngn l th chuyn dng trong vn ni, trong vn vi t khng nn dng.
Ngi Nht dng n :
- Giao tip vi ngi thn ca mnh, ngi trong gia nh mnh
- Giao tip vi ngi nh hn mnh, chc v nh hn mnh (cp di trong cng ty)
v dng rt thng xuyn trong cuc sng.
Hn cc bn hc gio trnh Minna s thc mc ti sao khi ngi Nht dy ting Nht cho
chng ta li dy bng th di (th <masu> m cc bn ang hc) ? n gin l v lch s.
Th ngn khng c dng cho :
- Ngi mi quen ln u, ngi khng thn thit.
- Cp trn ca mnh
Do vy bt buc h phi dng th di dy chng ta.
Th th ngn c kh khng. Xin tha khng, t nh t l vi ng t . V nu cc bn hc k
bi v cc th ca ng t t bi 1-19 th coi nh hon tt 3/4 ng php ca bi ny.
Phn cn li ch l "ru ria" thi.
B - Cch chia v mt s im cn ch :
Th ngn s c 3 loi : Th ngn ca ng t
Th ngn ca danh t v tnh t <na>
Th ngn ca tnh t
1 - NG T
Khng nh hin ti:
V() -----------> V ()
V<masu>----------- > V <jishokei>
V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimasu> ---------------- > <hanasu> : ni
------------------>
----------------- >
<tabemasu> ------------------> <taberu> : n
----------------- >
----------------->
<benkyoushimasu> ----------------> <benkyousuru> : hc
Ph nh hin ti:
V()
----------> V()
V<masen> -----------> V<nai>
V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<hanashimasen> ----------------> <hanasanai> : khng ni
----------------->
--------------- >
<tabemasen> ----------------- > <tabenai> : khng n
-------------------->
-------------------->
<benkyoushinai> -------------------> <benkyoushinai> : khng h c
Khng nh qu kh:
V()
-----------------> V()
V<mashita> ----------------> V<ta>
V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimashita> ---------------> <hanashita> : ni
------------------>
----------------->
<tabemashita> ----------------> <tabeta> : n
----------------->
----------------->
<benkyoushimashita> --------------> <benkyoushita> : hc
Ph nh qu kh:
V()
-------->
V()
V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
V d:
------------->
-------------->
<hanashimasendeshita> -----------> <hanasanakatta> : khng ni
--------------->
--------------->
<tabemasendeshita> -------------> <tabenakatta> : khng n

--------------->
------------->
<benkyoushimasendeshita> -------- > <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc
Cc bn hiu cha no? Nu nhn xt k th cc bn s thy:
- Cc th ca ng t m cc bn tng hc trong cc bi trc theo cc th u th hin
c trng ca th .
(VD: ng php trong bi th <nai> u ni v ph nh, th <ta> th v qu kh...)
- Cc ng t b <masu> + <tai> (mun) hoc ang th <nai> th uc coi nh l mt
tnh t v chia theo tnh t
VD:
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabenai> (tnh t ---------> <tabenakatta>
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabetai> (tnh t --------> <tabetakunai>
2 - DANH T V TNH T <NA>
Do danh t v tnh t c cch chia ging nhau.
Khng nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
-------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <desu> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <da>
V d:
-------------------------->
------------------------- >
<ame desu> -------------------------> <ame da> : ma

------------------------->
------------------------->
<shinsetsu desu> ------------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

Ph nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ---------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasen> ------------- > Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nai>
V d:
-------------------->
------------------->
<ame ja arimasen> --------------------> <ame ja nai> : khng ma

------------------->
------------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasen> -------- > <shinsetsu ja nai> : khng t t

Khng nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -----------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <deshita> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <datta>

V d:
------------------------>
----------------------- >
<ame deshita> ---------------------> <ame datta> : ma

---------------------->
---------------------- >
<shinsetsu desu> ---------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

Ph nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasendeshita> -> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nakatta>
V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<ame ja arimasendeshita> --------------> <ame janakatta> : khng ma

---------------->
---------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasendeshita> -------> <shinsetsu janakatta> : khng t t

3 - TNH T
Tnh t ny th cc bn ch vic b desu thi. V chia theo bnh th ng
V d:
--------------------> : cao
--------------------->
<takai desu>------------------> <takai>
------------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunai desu>--------------> <takakunai>
-----------------> : cao
----------------->
<takakatta desu>---------------> <takakatta>
-----------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunakatta desu>------------> <takakunakatta>

Mt s im cn ch :
- Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l ln ging)
V d:
NI BNH THNG HI
---------------->
- -------------->
<hanashimasu> --------------> <hanasu> : ni

- Cu hi - <Nan desu ka> - ci g s c ni tt l - <nani>
Bi 21
on: January 16, 2007, 05:53:00 PM
I/Mu cu: Ti ngh l.....
* Nu cm tng, cm ngh , kin v s phng on ca mnh v 1 vn no .
-Cu trc:
V (Th thng thng)+
A
A
N
-V d:
~ )
Hm nay, ti ngh rng thy INOUE s khng ti.
~
Ti ngh rng bi kim tra tun sau s kh.
~
Ti ngh rng ngi Nht th thn thin
~
Ti ngh rng Nht th giao thng tin li.
II/Mu cu s dng khi hi ai ngh v 1 vn no nh th no
-Cu trc:
~N~
V N th bn ngh nh th no.
-V d:

Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.

Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.
III/Mu cu dng truyn li dn trc tip v truyn li dn gin tip
A-Truyn li dn trc tip
-Cu trc:
Li dn trc tip
-V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?
Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
B-Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
-Cu trc:
-V d
Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.
Th tng ni rn-g ngy mai s i gp tng thng.

IV/Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s ng tnh ca
ngi khc.
-Cu trc:V
A
A
N
-V d:
Hm nay tri nng nh.
Th su c ngh c phi khng?
Bi 22
on: January 16, 2007, 05:57:55 PM
**Mnh quan h**
I/Cu trc: N1 Mnh b ngha cho N2
-Xt v d sau:V d 1.
+ y l tm nh.
+ Anh ti chp.
Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h
---> y l bc nh anh
ti chp.
-Phn tch cu trn s thy
=N1
Mnh b ngha cho N2
N2
V d 2.
y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
V d 3
y l tin ti nhn c t m.
II/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1 N2
-Xt v d sau:
Hanoi Hanoi
Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni

-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
-Mt s v d khc:
+H H l ngi ang eo knh
--> H Ngi ang eo knh l H
+Minh Minh
Mnh l ngi ang i giy en.
---> Minh Minh
Ngi ang i giy en l Minh.

III/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N V
** y ch n gin l phn m rng ca cu trc I.
Quay li v d 2 trong phn I. Nu bn mun ni rng n ci bnh do b ti lm th s
th no?
--->
Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
+
Hy cho ti xem nh chp H CH MInh.

+
Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic
IV/Cu trc:Mnh b ngha N A A
**y cng l phn m rng ca cu trc I ging nh 3 vy.
hiu r cc bn xem cc v d sau.
+
Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
+
Ti thch ci o s mi nh n c t m ti.
+
Ti mun c nh to.
V/Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N
*Tng t IV:
-V d:

Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm
+
Ti khng c thi gian vit th
+
Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn (ti)
Thm mt s cc v d khac gip cc bn hiu r hn v Mnh quan h.

Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.
Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm.

Ti mun kt hn vi ngi c th ni ting Nht.
****n y chc cc bn cng hiu c phn no v mnh quan h ri nhi?Mi
thc mc nu c rt mong cc bn ng gp kin, mnh s tr li bng tt c kh nng c
th.
Bi 23
on: January 16, 2007, 06:00:28 PM
I/Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm mt vic g
hay trong mt trng thi no .
-Cu trc:
V ,....
A
,....
A
,....
N
,....
-V d:
Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
+
Khi c bo th eo knh.
+
Khi khng hiu cch pht m ca ting Nht, th hy hi thy gio.

+
Khi hoa qu r ti rt hay i mua.
Khi yn tnh ti c sch.

+
Khi c bi kim tra th ti b m.
***Ch : Khi V1(V2 th V2 y phi xy ra trc V1
V d 1:
+
Khi v nh th mua sch ( y hnh ng mua sch phi xy ra trc hnh ng v nh v
nu bn v nh ri th sao m mua c sch ng khng?:grin:
V d 2:
+
Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] ( y th hnh ng ni tadaima xy ra sau hnh ng v

nh, v phi v nh ri th bn mi c th ni c m)
II/Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc
V(+
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh ng s ko theo s vic , hnh
ng tip theo mt cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn cch s
dng my mc)

-V d:
+
i ht con ng ny ri th s c cng vin.

+
n ci nt ny ri th s c v ra
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s to ln.
Bi 24
on: January 16, 2007, 06:04:53 PM
I/Mu cu + Cu truc
1/-Mu cu: Mnh nhn t ai mt ci g .
-Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
+
Ti c anh ti tng giy

+
Ti c ngi yu tng hoa

**C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thay i.
--->
2/-Mu cu: Khi ai lm n ho c lm h mnh mt ci g
-Cu trc :
S N V(Th
-V d:
+

M ti mua cho ti ci o len
+
Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thy
i
--->
II/Mu cu + Cu trc
1/-Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
-Cu trc:
S N
-V d
+ Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch

+ Thanh
Thanh
Ti tng bn Thanh hoa
2/-Mu cu: Khi mnh lm cho ai mt ci g
-Cu trc
S N V(Th )
-V d:
+ Quyen Hanoi
Quyen Hanoi
Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v Ha Ni
+ Ha
Ha
Ti gip bn H chuyn nh
III/Mu cu+Ng php
1/-Mu cu: Mnh nhn c t ai mt ci g
-Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka

+
Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA

2/-Mu cu:Mnh c hng li t 1 hnh ng ca ngi no .
-Cu trc
S N V(Th )
-V d:
+
Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht

+ Dao
Dao
Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch
Bi 25
on: January 16, 2007, 06:07:29 PM
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc
-Mu cu: V 1(iu kin) V 2( kt qu).
**Nu iu kin v 1 xy ra th s c kt qu v 2.
-Cu trc
V(-qu kh thng) V 2
A -qu kh thng) V 2
A -qu kh thng) V 2
N(-qu kh thng) V 2
-V d:

+V d vi ng t.
~
Nu tri ma th ti s khng ra ngoi.

~
Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
~
Nu xe but khng ti th s i bng taxi.

+V d vi tnh t
~

(Khi)Nu tri lnh th hy bt iu ha
~
(Khi)Nu c thi gian rnh th hy hc bi .

+V d vi danh t
~
(Khi)Nu thi tit p th ti i do.

II/Mu cu + Cu trc
-Mu cu V 1 V 2
** D cho .... th vn. c tc dng nhn mnh thm ca cu vn nhng nu khng
c th ngha ca cu vn c th hiu c.
-Cu trc:
V(-Th V 2.
A (A )
V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
N (N )
V 2.
-V d:
+Vi ng t:
~
Cho d c hc nh th no i chng na th van truot bai kiem tra

~
Cho d c tui th ti vn mun lm vic

+Vi tnh t:
~
D bun ng nhng ti vn phi vit bo co.

~
D cho nng thn c yn tnh th ti vn mun sng thnh ph

+Vi danh t
~
Cho d b m nhng ti vn khng i bnh vin.

--------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------Tm dng bi 25. See again.
Cc bi mi s cp nht trong BOX Ting Nht trong forum chuyn Hng Yn

Minano Nihongo 1

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Minano Nihongo 1

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Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

(Gm 25/50 bi ca Minna No Nihongo)

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<wa> v tr t nghi vn <ka> cui cu

* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

_____ <wa><sai> <desu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<_____ wa soko desu>

- Cch dng: dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng

<_____wa doko desuka.>

- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)

<_____ wa dochira desuka?>

- ngha: _____ u? ( nu dung cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?)

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )

watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<iie, mada desu>

<hai, mou tabemashita>

<iie, mada desu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.>

<kono heya wa kirei desu.>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>

<Ho Chi Minh shi wa nigiyaka na machi desu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<kono tokei wa atarashii desu>

<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>

<BETONAMU no tabemono wa taka kunai desu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<fujisan wa dou desu ka>

<fujisan wa takai desu>

<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>

<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga, oishii desu>

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Gio trnh Minna No Nihongo 2007

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...

- ngha: _ u? ( nu dung cho ngi th l : l v no?)