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When Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met at Yalta in February 1945, it as clear that the !llies ould de"eat #ermany$ %he &nited States and #reat 'ritain anted a united #ermany and inde(endent nations in )astern )uro(e a"ter the ar$ Soviet dictator Stalin anted a ea*, divided #ermany and an )astern )uro(e under communist control$ Des(ite Stalin+s (romises, ,oland, C-echoslova*ia, .un/ary, Romania, and 'ul/aria became satellite states o" the Soviet &nion, alon/ ith the eastern (art o" #ermany$ !"ter another meetin/ that summer at ,otsdam, .arry S$ %ruman, ho as no ,resident, became convinced that the Soviet &nion had as(irations to ard orld domination$ %hus be/an the 401year1lon/ Cold War. Churchill a/reed ith ,resident %ruman and said an iron curtain had descended u(on )uro(e$ )ast o" the curtain, Stalin as ti/htenin/ his /ri( and tryin/ to s(read communism to other coun1 tries$ %ruman as*ed Con/ress "or money to hel( %ur*ey and #reece "i/ht communism$ .is (romise o" aid became *no n as the Truman Doctrine. 2t set a ne course "or !merican "orei/n (olicy$ %he /oal o" another !merican (olicy, called containment, as to use !merican (o er to hel( nations resist communism$ Contain1 ment+s "irst success as based on Secretary o" State #eor/e C$ 3arshall+s economic recovery (lan "or )uro(e$ &nder the Marshall Plan, the &nited States /ave about 415 billion in /rants and loans to Western )uro(ean nations, startin/ in 1946$ 2n 7une 1946, Stalin decided to bloc* all shi((in/ "rom estern #ermany into West 'erlin8dee( inside communist )ast #ermany8 ho(in/ that ould ma*e the city "all to the communists$ %he &nited States and 'ritain sto((ed his (lan by airli"tin/ su((lies, includin/ "ood, "uel, and clothin/, into West 'erlin$ %he Berlin airlift sho ed that communism could be contained$ %o continue to bloc* Soviet e9(ansion, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, "ormed in 1949$ % elve Western )uro(ean and North !merican nations a/reed to act to/ether to de"end Western )uro(e$ 2n 1955, West #ermany :oined N!%;$ 2n res(onse, the Soviet &nion and its satellite states "ormed the Warsa Pact. !ll communist states o" )astern )uro(e e9ce(t Yu/oslavia (romised to de"end one another i" attac*ed$

!e"ie #uestions
$. What as %ruman+s (romise o" aid to countries "i/htin/ commu1 nism called<

%. Which event (roved that the (olicy o" containment or*ed<

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