Cold War TheTheWestWestand theand theEastEast Definition: TheDefinition: Theantagonismantagonismbetween the United States andbetween the United States

andthe Soviet Union using third partythe Soviet Union using third partynations to do the fighting.nations to do the fighting. 19461946--19901990 European influence declines! War Liteless killing, but with all the tension of a World War! There are now two great nations inThere are now two great nations inthe world, which starting fromthe world, which starting fromdifferent points, seem to bedifferent points, seem to beadvancing toward the same goal: theadvancing toward the same goal: theRussians and the AngloRussians and the Anglo--Americans. . Americans. .. . Each seems called by some secret . . Each seems called by some secret design of Providence one day to hold design of Providence one day to hold in its hands the destinies of half thein its hands the destinies of half theworld.world. -- A l e x i s d e T o c q u e v i l l e , Alexis de Tocqueville, D emocracy in America D emocracy in America (1835)(1835) Read this, dont write this! The Vision vs. The RealityThe Vision vs. The Reality Roosevelt dreams of a world dividedRoosevelt dreams of a world dividedbetween U.S., Britain, Russia, & between U.S., Britain, Russia, & ChinaChina w i t h p e a c e f o r a l l with peace for all Protracted conflict ensuesProtracted conflict ensues l w a r s i n l i b e r a t e d c o u n t r i e s civil wars in liberated countries ns of international Communismambitions of international s demands for security along itsRussias demands for security along itsbordersborders Read this, dont write this! 19461946---Sir Winston Churchill delivers his IronSir Winston Churchill delivers his IronCurtain speech at Westminster College inCurtain speech at Westminster College inMissouri. This is considered the beginning of theMissouri. This is considered the beginning of theCold War.Cold War. From Stettin in the Baltic toTrieste in the Adriatic, an ironcurtain has descended across thecontinent. 1946, Truman decided that he was "tired of babysittingthe Soviets who understand only an iron fist and stronglanguage." The Doomsday Clock appears for the first time on thecover of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Thehands of the Doomsday Clock, a symbol of nuclear danger, move closer to midnight as world tensionsincrease or farther from midnight as tensions ease.

US hydrogen bomb 1952 US hydrogen bomb 1952 USSR first hydrogen bomb 1953 USSR first hydrogen bomb 1953 2 010 Creating a Global Balance of Power? Dont write this! PostPost--WWIIWWII--InInEastern Europe,Eastern Europe,the Sovietsthe Sovietsgradually took overgradually took overthe countries theythe countries theyhad liberated,had liberated, (Poland,(Poland,East Germany, Hungary, EasternEast Germany, Hungary, EasternAustria, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria,Austria, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria,Albania and Romania)Albania and Romania) allallbecame part of thebecame part of theSoviet BlockSoviet Block Truman DoctrinesTruman Doctrinesgoal was to stopgoal was to stopthis spread.this spread. Soviet Union The Truman Doctrine - 1 9 4 7 t o c o n t a i n Communism, (starting in Greece.) Click here for video The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan :: --an offer for economic assistancean offer for economic assistanceto all European governmentsto all European governments Stalin was convinced that it was a capitalist plot.Stalin was convinced that it was a capitalist plot. de any of the eastern European countries to forbade any of the eastern European countries toparticipateparticipate ed COMCON as alternative, it failedOffered COMCON as alternative, it failed Western European nations were enthusiastic.Western European nations were enthusiastic. Marshall Plan was a life saver for EuropeThe Marshall Plan was a life saver for Europ llion was used for repairs to highways, port $13 Billion was used for repairs to highways, portfacilities, bridges, and railroads and for gettingfacilities, bridges, and railroads and for gettingfactories back into production.factories back into production. P resident Harry S.Truman and GeneralGeorge C. Marshall. Dollar Diplomacy!

NATONATOand theand theWarsaw PactWarsaw Pactdispute thedispute themilitary alliance balance of power inmilitary alliance balance of power inEurope.Europe. Creating a Global Balance of Power. Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift 19481948 19501950-- N o r t h NorthKorea invadesKorea invadesSouth Korea.South Korea.UN forces, ledUN forces, ledby the US, driveby the US, drivethe Norththe NorthKoreans back.Koreans back.Truce signed inTruce signed in1953 is still1953 is stillholding today.holding today. Click here for video Hot Spot : Korea 19511951--Julius and EthelJulius and EthelRosenbergRosenberg--convicted of convicted of espionage for sellingespionage for sellingnuclear secrets to thenuclear secrets to theSoviet Union.Soviet Union. Papers released afterPapers released afterthe fall of the fall of communism indicatecommunism indicatethat Ethel wasthat Ethel wasinnocent.innocent. Click here for video SPYING!!! Atomic Family Increases to Three Atomic Family Increases to Three 195 2 195 2 -- U K a n n o u n c e s i t UK announces ithas nuclear weapon.has nuclear weapon. All 2 00 British AAll 2 00 British A--BombsBombswill target Moscowwill target Moscow Click here for video Creating a Global Balance of Power? 19531953--Stalin dies.Stalin dies. Stalin is credited with causingStalin is credited with causing50 million deaths in the USSR.50 million deaths in the USSR. Result : New Premier,Khrushchev will begin policy of de-Stalinization.

Click here for video A Ray of Hope? McCarthyism, or McCarthyism, or the Red Scarethe Red Scare In the wake of theIn the wake of theRosenberg trialJosephRosenberg trialJosephMcCarthy looks forMcCarthy looks forcommunists in Americacommunists in America 19531953--Charlie Chaplin,Charlie Chaplin,(Communist) is denied(Communist) is deniedentry into the US.entry into the US. Robert Oppenheimer,Robert Oppenheimer,scientific director duringscientific director duringthe warthe war-time Manhattantime ManhattanProject, is accused of Project, is accused of harboring Communistharboring Communistsympathies.sympathies. Hot Spot: VietnamHot Spot: Vietnam 19541954--After battleAfter battleof of Dien Bien PhuDien Bien Phu,,the Frenchthe Frenchwithdraw fromwithdraw fromIndochina.Indochina. Vietnam is divided.Vietnam is divided. US will send forcesUS will send forcesfrom 1954from 1954--1973.1973. Click here for video N on N on -Aligned Movement Aligned Movement Bandung ConferenceBandung Conference Neutral (not really)Neutral (not really) Led by Indonesia andLed by Indonesia andIndiaIndia Played both sidesPlayed both sides Communist YugoslaviaCommunist Yugoslavia(led by Marshall Tito)(led by Marshall Tito)took a coursetook a courseindependent of theindependent of theUSSR.USSR. Click here for video Global Diplomacy 19541954--The U.S. and Canada agree to build the DEWThe U.S. and Canada agree to build the DEW(Distant Early Warning)(Distant Early Warning) --line of radar stations to warn of line of radar stations to warn of approaching USSR missiles or aircraft.approaching USSR missiles or aircraft.

False readings will periodically bring the world to theFalse readings will periodically bring the world to the brink of warit would really be flocks of birds or the brink of warit would really be flocks of birds or themoonmoon !! Just ReadDont write. It wont be on the test. Missiles: Killing you from far awayMissiles: Killing you from far away American launchedAmerican launchedrockets can now hitrockets can now hitthe USSR.the USSR. Click here for videoCreating a Global Balance of Power? Submarines:Submarines: Killing you from under water Killing you from under water 19561956----The PolarisThe Polarismissile can be launchedmissile can be launchedfrom a submergedfrom a submergedsubmarine.submarine. Click here for videoCreating a Global Balance of Power? Because of deBecause of de--Stalinization,Stalinization,Hungary thinks it can beHungary thinks it can beless communist.less communist. Soviet tanks put downSoviet tanks put downattempts at democraticattempts at democraticreform.reform. DeDe--Stalinization meansStalinization meanslittle for Europe.little for Europe. H ungarian Tragedy 1956 Click here for video 19561956--KhrushchevKhrushchevtells ambassadorstells ambassadorsfrom the West,from the West,"History is on our"History is on ourside. We will buryside. We will bury you!you! West takes this asWest takes this asa threata threat Space Race BeginsSpace Race Begins 19571957--USSR launches theUSSR launches thefirst satellitefirst satellite -S p u t n i k . Sputnik. The U.S. taken byThe U.S. taken bysurprise.surprise. USSR then launches a dogUSSR then launches a dog("Laika") into orbit.("Laika") into orbit. U.S. Shocked to find itsU.S. Shocked to find itsstudents behind in mathstudents behind in mathand scienceand science Result : Result :

U.S.U.S.education system willeducation system willmove to catch up.move to catch up. 19581958--The first US satellite : Explorer I.The first US satellite : Explorer I. US plans to detonate nuclear bomb onUS plans to detonate nuclear bomb onthe moondecides not to.the moondecides not to. U.S. Space Race Success P ropaganda P ropaganda SciSci -Fi Movies are really about the Cold War Fi Movies are really about the Cold War A liens = SovietsZombies = Communists 1949 Mao wins Communist Revolution in China1949 Mao wins Communist Revolution in China USSR demands concessions in China similar tothose granted under Imperialism. China does not want lecture from USSR.(Communism our way) 19591959----Soviet technicians withdrawn from ChinaSoviet technicians withdrawn from Chinaas the Sinoas the Sino--Soviet split widens.Soviet split widens. China wants Taiwans seat in the UN. Mao and Khrushchev call each other names : revisionist and left-wing adventurer. China becomes nuclear power in 1964 .Result : U.S. warms to Chinathe enemy of my enemy is my friend China Goes CommunistRussia Cheers (for a Minute) 19591959--NixonNixon look at all the look at all thethings Americanthings Americanwomen have! women have! KhrushchevKhrushchev Russian women Russian womenhave things thathave things thatmatter, notmatter, notluxuries luxuries Kitchen Debates

19601960--France tests its firstFrance tests its firstfission weapon.fission weapon. wants to be seen as awants to be seen as aworld power.world power. withdraws from NATOwithdraws from NATOand follows anand follows anindependent course.independent course. (yes, you can laugh, the(yes, you can laugh, thewhole world did.) Notwhole world did.) Notme says Ms. Noccame says Ms. Nocca Click here for video France Joins Nuclear Family 19601960----The USSRThe USSRshoots downshoots downFrancis GaryFrancis GaryPowersPowers, a CIA pilot, a CIA pilotover flying theover flying theUSSR.USSR. Result : SpyResult : Spysatellites replacessatellites replacesairplaneairplane.. Click here for video More Spying Warm Spot: CubaWarm Spot: Cuba Bay of Pigs 1961 fails to oust CastroBay of Pigs 1961 fails to oust Castro October, 196 2 October, 196 2 Cuban Missile Crisis. TheCuban Missile Crisis. Theworld teeters on the brink of nuclear warworld teeters on the brink of nuclear warfor a period of 5 days.for a period of 5 days. Results : Soviets back down, US agrees notResults : Soviets back down, US agrees notto invade Cuba and to remove missilesto invade Cuba and to remove missilesfrom Turkey.from Turkey. Click here for video 19611961--USSR announced thatUSSR announced thatYuri GagarinYuri Gagarinhadhadsuccessfully orbited thesuccessfully orbited theEarthEarth

President KennedyPresident Kennedyannounced the ambitiousannounced the ambitiousgoal of sending angoal of sending anAmerican safely to theAmerican safely to themoon before the end of themoon before the end of thedecade.decade. Kennedy MAY have beenKennedy MAY have beenredirecting Americanredirecting Americanattention from failed Cubaattention from failed Cuba policy. policy. More Space Race 19611961--USSR beginsUSSR beginsbuilding the Berlinbuilding the Berlinwall.wall. The wall will fall onThe wall will fall on9 November 1989;9 November 1989;East and WestEast and WestGermany willGermany willreunite as thereunite as theFederal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany on 3Germany on 3October 1990.October 1990. Click here for video Berlin Cut Off 19631963--The Limited Test Ban Treaty, whichThe Limited Test Ban Treaty, whichbans atmospheric nuclear testing, goes intobans atmospheric nuclear testing, goes intoeffect.effect. The hotline is established between the USThe hotline is established between the USand the USSR.and the USSR. US President John F. Kennedy gives his "IchUS President John F. Kennedy gives his "Ichbin ein Berliner" speech in divided Berlin.bin ein Berliner" speech in divided Berlin.Results of Cuba and Berlin Instability in the Soviet UnionInstability in the Soviet Union 19641964----Krushchev is deposed by BrezhnevKrushchev is deposed by Brezhnev Brezhnev Doctrine : The USSR will invade andBrezhnev Doctrine : The USSR will invade andsupport socialist governments that are threatened.support socialist governments that are threatened. Results : Dtente and stagnation of Soviet economyResults : Dtente and stagnation of Soviet economy Dtente: Relaxation of TensionDtente: Relaxation of Tension B rezhnev felt that the economic burden of the nuclear B

rezhnev felt that the economic burden of the nuclear arms race was unsustainable.arms race was unsustainable. The American economy was also in financial troubleThe American economy was also in financial troubleas the Vietnam War drained government financesas the Vietnam War drained government finances Soviet thinkers also felt that a less aggressive policySoviet thinkers also felt that a less aggressive policycould detach the Western Europeans from their could detach the Western Europeans from their American ally.American ally. USSR feared a SinoUSSR feared a Sino--American alliance against them.American alliance against them. Rough parity had been achieved in stockpilingRough parity had been achieved in stockpilingnuclear weapons with a clear capability of mutuallynuclear weapons with a clear capability of mutuallyassured destruction (MAD).assured destruction (MAD). B rezhnev and Nixon each hoped improved relations B rezhnev and Nixon each hoped improved relationswould boost their domestic popularity and securewould boost their domestic popularity and securetheir power.their power. Attempts to Disarm Attempts to Disarm At height of Cold War each side had aboutAt height of Cold War each side had about40,000 nuclear weapons.40,000 nuclear weapons.1969 SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)1969 SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)197 2 Anti197 2 Anti--Ballistic Missile Treaty signedBallistic Missile Treaty signed197 2 the five197 2 the five--year SALT Interim Agreementyear SALT Interim Agreementfreezes the number of ballistic missilefreezes the number of ballistic missilelaunchers at 197 2 levels.launchers at 197 2 levels.1973 Agreement on Prevention of Nuclear War1973 Agreement on Prevention of Nuclear War 2 003 SORT Treaty 2 0 0 3 S O R T T r e a t y r e d u c e d n u c l e a r s t o c k p i l e s reduced nuclear stockpilesto not more than

22 00 warheads each forto not more than 22 00 warheads each forthe USA and Russia.the USA and Russia. Maintaining a Global Balance of Power 19661966--A US BA US B--5 2 bomber carrying four one5 2 bomber carrying four onemegaton Hmegaton H--bombs collides with a KCbombs collides with a KC--135135tanker over Palomares, Spain. As bothtanker over Palomares, Spain. As bothaircraft disintegrate in flight, the Haircraft disintegrate in flight, the H--bombsbombsfall free. One lands in the Mediterraneanfall free. One lands in the MediterraneanSea, three land in the village of Palomares.Sea, three land in the village of Palomares. Laugh so you dont cry! Dont write this down. Prague Spring : Brezhnev Doctrine carried out for the first time.Click here for videoCzechoslovakia attempts socialism with a human face. Reforms are crushed when Soviet tanks roll in. 19681968----More thanMore than100 nations ratify100 nations ratifythetheNuclear NonNuclear Non--Proliferation TreatyProliferation Treaty In exchange forIn exchange fornot buildingnot buildingnuclear weapons,nuclear weapons,nations receivenations receivenuclear powernuclear powertechnology.technology. Nuclear Non-Proliferation holdouts include : holdouts include : Israel,Israel,India,India,Pakistan,Pakistan,South Africa,South Africa,Argentina,Argentina,and Brazil.and Brazil.Why these nations?Blue=nuclear freeRed=nuclearYellow=undecided 19791979--the USSR sends tanks, troops, aircraftthe USSR sends tanks, troops, aircraftto Afghanistan to support a faltering Marxistto Afghanistan to support a faltering Marxistgovernment. (International Marxism)government. (International Marxism) The US and many Muslim states wouldsupport Afghan rebels who would fightfor religious and ideological reasonsaswell asnationalisticreasons. Hot Spot : Afghanistan Reinvigoration of religious revolutionaries!! Collapse of Communism!Collapse of Communism! The Soviet Unions Final CzarThe Soviet Unions Final Czar

19871 9 8 7 G o r b a c h e v Gorbachevcampaigns : campaigns : glasnost & glasnost & perestroikaperestroika(openness(opennessand restructuring)and restructuring) WHY Soviet CommunismWHY Soviet CommunismCollapses?Collapses? st of arms race i l u r e o f p l a n n e d Failure of plannedeconomyecono p r e s s i o n o f p e o p l e Repression of w e r o f N a t i o n a l i s m Power of Nationalism(Baltic states, Ukraine,(Baltic states, Ukraine, Stan countries) Stan countries) Soviet Union CollapsesSoviet Union Collapses 1991 Communist1991 CommunistCoup in SovietCoup in SovietUnion failsUnion fails Yeltsin facesYeltsin facesgenerals. Soldiersgenerals. Soldiers side withside withreformers.reformers. GorbachevGorbachevresigns;resigns;YeltsinYeltsinelectedelectedPresidentPresident \ Communism: Instability and CollapseCommunism: Instability and Collapse PopeJohn Paul IIworks to endcommunism 1989 Demonstrations in1989 Demonstrations inTiananmenTiananmenSquareSquare. China resists political change. China resists political changebut grants economic changebut grants economic change Solidarity partySolidarity party(led by Lech Walesa)(led by Lech Walesa)wins overwhelming electoral victorywins overwhelming electoral victoryin Polandin Poland East Germans begin to escape toEast Germans begin to escape toWest Germany through HungaryWest Germany through Hungary Berlin Wall fallsBerlin Wall falls Romania votes out Communist ruleRomania votes out Communist rule(Ceausescu goes(Ceausescu goesviolentlyviolently)) Hungary and Czechoslovakia voteHungary and Czechoslovakia voteCommunists out, they leaveCommunists out, they leavepeacefullypeacefully(Velvet Revolution(Velvet Revolutioncompared to Prague Spring)compared to Prague Spring) Click here for video

Aftermath of Collapse of Communism Aftermath of Collapse of Communism Warsaw Pact nations join NATOWarsaw Pact nations join NATO 1 2 Communist nations join the1 2 Communist nations join theEU ( 2 004)EU ( 2 004) 19911991 -- A l b a n i a Albania votesvotesCommunists back intoCommunists back intopower..wants stability199 2 power..wants stability199 2 votes them out againvotes them out again Germans will prosecute someGermans will prosecute someCommunist leadersCommunist leaders China and Vietnam relaxChina and Vietnam relaxcommand economy and allowcommand economy and allowlimited capitalism, but remainlimited capitalism, but remainone partyone party--statesstates North Korea and Cuba are onlyNorth Korea and Cuba are onlyCommunist nations leftCommunist nations left Whose POV is this map from? A N ew World Order A N ew World Order America = the new one and onlyAmerica = the new one and onlysuper powersuper power soft power soft power u s e o f d e m o c r a t i c use of democraticinstitutions & capitalist economyinstitutions & capitalist economy American popular cultureAmerican popular culture m o v i e s , movies,music, clothes, fast foodmusic, clothes, fast food Adult suffrageAdult suffrage

900 only one country had universal suffrage(New In 1900 only one country had universal s 2 000 2 000 139 democracies (mind you only 86 were true 139 democracies (mind you only 86 were truedemocracies)democracies)