Level Measuring Sensors

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3. Continuous Level Measurement and Detection Systems:

Continuous level sensors are more sophisticated and can provide level monitoring of an entire system. They measure fluid level within a range, rather than at a one point, producing an analog output that directly correlates to the level in the vessel. To create a level management system, the output signal is linked to a process control loop and to a visual indicator. They include; Radar Systems Ultrasonic Systems RTD Laser Magnetostrictive

3.1.

Level Detection and Measurement by Use of Radar:

Principle of operation: Extremely short microwave impulses with low emitted power in the 6.3 GHz frequency range are emitted by the antenna system to the measured product, reflected by the product surface and received again by the antenna system. They spread with light velocity and the time from the emission to receipt of the signals is proportional to the level in the vessel. A special time spreading procedure enables a reliable and precise measurement of extremely short time periods. Working: The two technologies on the market are frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) or pulsed wave time of flight. Pulsed Wave systems emit a microwave burst towards the process material; this burst is reflected by the surface of the material and detected by the same sensor which now acts as a receiver. Level is inferred from the time of flight (transmission to reception) of the microwave signal. evaluated by sampling and building up a historical profile of the echoes. FMCW systems, however, continuously emit a swept frequency signal and distance is inferred from the difference in frequency between transmit and receive signals at any point in time. FMCW is therefore the only method that is

An Advantage of radar is its broad applicability on most liquids and measurement independent of pressure, temperature, vapor, and (to a degree) product dielectric constant. A Disadvantage is that the measurement may be lost because of heavy agitation of the liquid or the formation of foam. Application: Microwave or radar level measurement can be applied in storage, buffer, and process tanks in which temperature gradients, inert-gas blankets, and vapors are present. It can