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NGUN CP IN V XC NH TH T PHA
1.1. NGUN CP IN
1.1.1. Mc ch: bit cch s dng b ngun cp Power Supply.
1.1.2. Gii thiu ngun cp in
B ngun Power Supply cung cp c ngun AC ln DC, ngun khng i v ngun
bin thin (thay i c), l ngun cp cho tt c cc th nghim c gii thiu trong ti
liu ny.
N c ni vi 1 ngun cp ba pha bn dy (dy th nm ni mass), 220/380V.
im kt ni l pha sau b ngun v c ni bng cp.
B ngun Power Supply cung cp cc in p nh sau:
1. Ngun in khng i 220/380 V, ba pha c ly t 4 u cc (im) l 1, 2, 3 v
N. in p xoay chiu khng i 380 V c th ly t u 1 v 2, 2 v 3, hay 1 v 3.
in p xoay chiu khng i 220 V c th ly t 1 trong cc u 1, 2 hoc 3 v N.
Dng in nh mc ca ngun ny l 10 A/pha.
2. Ngun in bin thin 0 - 220/380 V, ba pha c ly t 4 u 4, 5, 6 v N. in
p xoay chiu bin thin 0 - 380 V c th ly t 4 v 5, 5 v 6, hay 4 v 6. in p
xoay chiu bin thin 0 - 220 V c th thu c t 1 trong cc u 4, 5 hay 6 v N.
Dng in nh mc ca ngun ny l 3 A/pha.
3. in p mt chiu khng i 220 V c ly t 8 v N. Dng in nh mc ca
ngun 1 chiu khng i l 1 A.
4. in p mt chiu bin thin 0 - 220 V c ly t 7 v N. Dng in nh mc
ca ngun ny l 5 A.
Dng in nh mc ca nhng ng ra khc nhau khng th c s dng ng thi.
Ti cng mt thi im, nu s dng dng in ca hn mt ng ra th dng in s b gim
xung. im trung tnh N ca cc ngun cp c ni vi nhau v ni vi dy trung tnh ca
ngun cp.
Lu : in vn cn trong b ngun Power Supply khi cu dao ng xung.
Khng c di chuyn b ngun Power Supply khi cha tho cp ni pha sau.
Nhng ng ra in p c iu chnh bi mt cng tc chn in p v 1 Volt k
c gn sn trn y ch in p ng ra tng ng vi v tr ca cng tc chn in p.
in p c hin th trn Volt k hin th lc ny c th l in p mt chiu khng i hay
bin thin, in p xoay chiu bin thin. Power Supply c bo v qu ti v ngn mch.
Bn cnh cu dao ng ct ba pha 10 A pha trc, tt c cc ng ra u c cu ch bo v
ring. Chng c th c khi ng li bng cng mt nt Reset pha trc b ngun.

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Dng in nh mc ng ra c th tng cao trong mt khong thi gian ngn m
khng gy nh hng n b ngun hay cu dao. iu ny c bit rt c li khi ng c in
mt chiu hot ng di tnh trng qu ti hay trong lc khi ng ng c khi dng in
c th ln n 100 A.
Thit b cn thit
TN THIT B
AC Voltmeter
Power Supply
Connection leads (dy dn)

MODEL
8426
8821
9128

1.1.3. Trnh t th nghim

CH !
Nhng th nghim ny dng in p cao, khng ni mch khi
ngun in ang m. Ngun in phi tt sau khi hon tt mi ln o.
1. Hy kim tra cu trc ca b ngun. Trn b mt ca b iu khin, hy xc nh:
a) Cu dao ng ct ba pha.
b) Ba n bo hiu s hot ng ca mi pha.
c) Volt k lp sn trn b ngun.
d) Cng tc chn in p.
e) Nm iu chnh in p.
f) Cc u ra ca ngun khng i 220/380 V (1, 2, 3 v N).
g) Cc u ra ca ngun bin thin 0 - 220/380 V (4, 5, 6 v N).
h) Cc u ra ca ngun mt chiu khng i (8 v N).
i) Cc u ra ca ngun mt chiu bin i (7 v N).
j) Nt khi ng li (Reset).
k) Cc ni t (mu xanh).
2. in vo ch trng gi tr in p mt chiu hoc xoay chiu v dng in nh mc
ng vi cc u cc sau:
a) 1 v N = V A.
b) 2 v N = V A
c) 3 v N = V A
d) 4 v N = V A
e) 5 v N = V A
f) 6 v N = .V A
g) 7 v N = V A
h) 8 v N = V A
i) 1, 2 v 3 = ..V A
j) 4, 5 v 6 = ..V A

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3. Trn Power Supply chc chn rng cu dao ang ng (v tr off) v nm iu chnh
in p v tr min v b ngun c ni vi ngun cp bng cp.
4. a) Chnh cng tc chn in p v tr 7-N v sau m ngun Power Supply.
b) Vn nm iu chnh in p t t n ht c theo chiu kim ng h. o v ghi li
gi tr in p ln nht v nh nht c ch ra bi Volt k c lp sn trn b ngun.
EDCmax = V
EDCmin = V
c) Vn nm iu chnh in p v 0, sau tt ngun.
5. a) Chnh cng tc chn in p v tr 4-N v sau m ngun Power Supply.
b) Vn nm iu chnh in p t t n ht c theo chiu kim ng h. o v ghi li
gi tr in p ln nht v nh nht c ch ra bi Volt k c lp sn trn b ngun.
EACmax = V
EACmin = V
c) Vn nm iu chnh in p v 0 sau tt ngun.
6. a) Chnh cng tc chn in p v tr 8-N.
b) Bt ngun cung cp in.
c) o v ghi li gi tr in p.
E8-N = V
d) Gi tr in p ny c b nh hng khi vn nm iu chnh khng?
C
Khng
e) Tt ngun.
7. M ngun Power Supply, vn nm iu chnh in p t t n ht c theo chiu kim
ng h. ng vi mi v tr sau y ca cng tc chn in p, o v ghi li gi tr in p:
E4-5 = V
E5-6 = V
E6-4 = V
E4-N = V
E5-N = V
E6-N = V
Gi tr in p mi ln o c b nh hng khi vn nm iu chnh khng?
C
Khng
Vn in p v 0 v tt ngun.
1.2. TH T PHA
1.2.1. Mc ch: Bit cch xc nh th t pha ca mt ngun in ba pha.
1.2.2. Tm tt l thuyt
Th t pha ca mt ngun in ba pha l th t thi gian m ba in p ln lt thay
th ln nhau, c ngha l th t m chng ta thu c nhng gi tr dng ln nht. Hiu bit
v th t pha rt quan trng khi nhng ngun ba pha khc c kt ni song song hay khi bit
chiu quay ca nhng ng c ln. Th t pha cng rt quan trng trong cc thit b o ba
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pha nh l cc r le ni tip v var k. Nu th t cc pha khng c kim tra, gi tr o
c s c th khc so vi kt qu thc ca n.
Th t pha thng c ch ra trn cc thanh ci bng cc mu khc nhau (thng
thng l pha 1 mu vng, pha 2 mu xanh v pha 3 mu ) hay n c th c xc nh
bng cch s dng thit b ch th t pha c trn th trng. Khi khng c nhng thit b ny,
ta cng c th xc nh c th pha bng cch kt ni hai in tr bng nhau v mt t in
theo hnh sao n ba thit b u cui ca ngun cung cp nh trong hnh 1-1. in p qua hai
in tr l khng bng nhau v c th t pha l (in p cao) (in p thp) (t in).
V d, nu in p qua hai in tr l 20 V v 80 V nh trn hnh 1-1 th th t cc
pha s l B-A-C. Cc in p ln lt k tip nhau theo mt trnh t B-A-C-B-A-C; do th
t B-A-C cng ging nh th t A-C-B hay th t C-B-A.

Hnh 1-1
Th t pha ca mt ngun ba pha c th thay i bng cch thay i mt trong hai pha
bt k. Trn nhng c cu in nh, iu ny c thc hin d dng, nhng trn nhng
ng dy truyn ti in ln v cc thanh ci ln, vic thay i dy dn l mt vic kh khn
v tn km. V l do ny, th t pha trn cc my cng sut ln thng c ghi bn ngoi
tin s dng.
Xc nh th t pha
Trong thc th, cc ngun in c ly ra t cc thanh ci nhng chng khng phi
bao gi cng cng th t pha. V d, nh hnh 1-2 m t cch 3 ngun P, Q, R ly ta t 3
thanh ci (3 pha) A-B-C nhng th t pha ca n khng phi lun nh nhau. Khi kt ni hai
ngun khc nhau vi nhau, nu khng cng th t pha vi nhau s gy ra hin tng ngn
mch, rt nguy him. Do , cn bit chnh xc th t pha ca cc ngun khc nhau. Cch xc
nh y (xem hai pha ca 2 ngun khc nhau c cng th t pha khng) rt n gin, ta ch
cn o in p gia hai pha . Nu in p o c l 0 V th ta kt lun 2 pha cng pha,
ngc li nu c in p gia 2 pha th chng khng cng pha. Trong phn th nghim ny
chng ta s tin hnh kim tra xem cc ngun ca ta c cng th t pha khng.

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Hnh 1 - 2
Thit b cn thit
TN THIT B
Resistive load
Capactive load
AC Voltmeter
Power Supply
Connection leads (dy dn)

MODEL
8311
8331
8426
8821
9128

1.2.3. Trnh t th nghim

Lu !
Nhng th nghim ny dng in p cao, khng ni mch khi ngun in ang m.
1. Ni mch nh hnh 1-3.

Hnh 1-3
2. o in p E1 v E2
E1 = V
E2 = V
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3. Xc nh th t pha t gi tr E1 v E2
Th t pha l
4. Nu th t pha l 2-1-3, hy i mt trong hai dy pha ca cm n ch ngun cp
c kt ni.
Lu : Th t pha 1-2-3 l th t pha d nh v trong cc th nghim tip theo,
chng ta s xem rng cc mch in u c thit lp theo th t pha ny.
5. Mc mch nh hnh 1-3, nhng ngun l 4-5-6 v xc nh th t pha ca ngun ny.
Th t pha l
(Th t pha ca ngun 1-2-3 v 4-5-6 phi cng pha nhau mi chnh xc)
6. Ln lt ni 3 Volt k o in p cc u 1-4, 2-5, v 3-6. Vn nt iu chnh in
p ca ngun cp mt vng theo chiu kim ng h v bt cng tc ngun cp. Ghi li cc gi
tr ca cc Volt k.
E1-4 = V
E2-5 = V
E3-6 = V
Gi tr o ca cc Volt k c 3 Volt k phi ch gi tr l 0 khng?
Phi
Khng
Tip theo, quay nt iu khin mt vng ngc chiu kim ng h. Ghi li cc gi tr
ca cc Volt k.
E1-4 = V
E2-5 = V
E3-6 = V
Gi tr o ca cc Volt k c gn bng nhau phi khng?
Phi
Khng
Gii thch vic lm ny?
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7. Trong hnh 1-5, hy v gin pha din t mi quan h gia cc in p ca b
ngun E12, E23, E31, E1N, E2N v E3N da trn biu c cho trong hnh 1-4 trnh by mi
quan h gia cc pha vi th t pha l 1, 2, 3 v 1, 3, 2.

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Th t pha 1-2-3

Th t pha 1-3-2
Hnh 1-4

Hnh 1-5

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