Tnh in v nhng tc hi

Trong cuc sng, tnh in tn ti mi ni v ngi ta khng ch lm

n n do tc dng khng ng k. Tuy nhin trong sn xut, tnh in li
l vn ln lm au u nhiu nh sn xut v nhng tc hi do n gy
ra.
1. Tnh in sinh ra nh th no?
S ma st, p lc, s tip xc hay tch ri l
nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy ra tnh in. nh
hng ca tnh in c d dng nhn bit qua
hin tng b git khi m ca xe hi sau khi dng
xe li. Loi vt liu, cu to vt liu, lc nn, lc
tch ri, m lin quan xc nh ln ca tnh
in.
C 3 yu t chnh nh hng n ln ca tnh in:

Cc loi vt liu khc nhau khi ma st to ra lng

tnh in khc nhau. Nhng vt liu c kh nng sinh
lng tnh in ln khi ma st l: nha, giy, lng th
hoc cc cht cch in khc.

ln ca tnh in ph thuc vo lc ma st. Lc

ma st cng ln th lng tnh in cng ln v ngc
li

Lng tnh in t l nghch vi m trong khng

kh. Do , cng 1 hin tng tnh in ca cng vt
th vi lc ging nhau lng tnh in pht sinh
ma kh s ln hn ma ma.

Nhng nhn t ny l cn nguyn ca nhng bng ti v nhng h thng khc vi nhng dy

ai cch in hot ng nh my pht tnh in, thm ch mt bng ti di chuyn chm c kh
nng lm h hi nhng linh kin in t. ma st, p lc, s tip xc hay tch ri l
nhng nguyn nhn chnh ca tnh in.
2. S c gy ra bi tnh in

S phng tnh in (ESD Electrostatic Discharge):

Tng t nh hin tng st trong t nhin. Tnh in trn b mt vt th s phng

cc in tch xung t qua trc my to ra tia la in. Khi tnh nng lng to ra ca tia la
in vt qua im chy n ca vt liu ( y l cc dung mi gas , xng .. v.v bay hi) s
lm pht sinh ngn la gy ha han.

S bm ht (ESA Electro Static Atraction):

Cc ht bi nh khi gn t trng tnh in s b phn cc tri du. Sau cc ht bi

ny s b ht vo b mt vt th do lc ht. iu ny gy nh hng rt ln n qu trnh sn
xut v cht lng sn phm. Nhng tc hi thng thy l gim cht lng sn phm, mc in
b nhim bn, b lem khi in , kt my , lm h bn in trn ng ng

Tc hi i vi con ngi:

Vi mt lng in tch rt ln trn b mt vt th , to ra mt t trng cc mnh

mi trng xung quanh . T trng ny c tc hi v lu di vi sc khe con ngi , trong
, nh hng nhiu nht l h thn kinh , h sinh dc , h tun han. c bit lc tnh in
c kh nng git ngi thao tc gy ra tai nn lao ng.
3. Tc hi ca tnh in trong sn xut
Tnh in trn b mt ca vt th, khi ln n mc thch hp (khong
3000 volt) s to ra mt t trng tnh in, t trng ny s tc ng gy
ra s phn cc ca cc vt th khi cc vt th ny lt vo trng tnh in,
vic phn cc ny to ra lc ht Culon ln ht cng bc cc vt th
ny vo b mt ca vt mang tnh in.
Hin tng ht bi ny nh hng ti cht lng ca cc qa trnh sn
xut cn sch b mt nh: In n, lp t, ng gi thc phm, dc phm,
trng ph, sn, xi m v cc qui trnh sn xut in t v.v..
Bi vy, trong sn xut chng ta thng gp phi cc vn kh chu:
- Mng film, chai l b bm dnh bi, tch in lm gim cht lng sn
phm.
- Cc bao b lm ra khng th xp ngay hng
- Tnh in cao gy ra tia la in dn n chy n. Ha hon t nhng ni
d chy nh dung mi in
- Mc in b lem ( vt chn chim, ko ru)
- Cng nhn b in git gy tai nn lao ng
- Ph phm tng do ngi cng nhn khng mun li gn mng film
- Quy trnh ng rt b ht bi, ming ti b h
- Cc sn phm nm khng ng v tr v y nhau do nhim tnh in gy
ph phm
- Kt mng vo cc trc cun ca my
- V nhiu tc hi khc

4. Gii quyt vn tnh in:

Cc cht liu khc nhau s c nhng gii php khc nhau. i vi cc cht
liu n in th phng php thng gp nht l ni t trc tip.i vi
nhng cht liu khng dn tnh in nh vt liu t nhin, hn hp th ch
c mt gii php duy nht l dng ionizer. y l phng php to ra cc
ion trung ho nhng vng b tnh in, nu khng c trung ha bi
nhng in tch t do, tnh in mt i rt chm. Nhng vt liu cch in
cho php nhng nhm in tch m v in tch dng hnh thnh. Khi
nhng in tch khng th di chuyn trn b mt ca vt liu ny, vic ni
t khng th loi b nhng in tch ny. S ion ha l phng tin duy
nht loi b tnh in nhng vt liu cch in. S ion ho cc in
t t do trong khng kh bng phng php phn cc in p cao to ra

lin tc lung in tch m v in tch dng. Nhng in tch ny s kt

hp vi nhng in tch tri du trn b mt ca vt liu do trit tiu
c tnh in trn b mt cch in.

Cc thit b chng tnh in c th kh c cc ion bng cch trung ho

chng