1 BI TH NGHIM S 1 PHI HP TC NG CA CC BO V QU DNG IN TRONG MNG IN HNH TIA MT NGUN CUNG CP I. MC CH TH NGHIM 1. Phi hp cc bo v lm vic theo nguyn l qu dng in. 2. Khai thc mt s chc nng ca rle s MiCOM P122 v MiCOM P142. II. NI DUNG TH NGHIM 2.1. M hnh th nghim trn b m phng h thng in (PSS) ~ RelayC RelayB RelayA GS GTX DTX1 Line2 ET R TP20 TP17 TP2 Hnh 1.1. M hnh th nghim bo v qu dng in Trong : GS Thanh ci h thng GTX My bin p li TP: im th nghim DTX1 My bin p phn phi Line 2 ng dy s 2 ET My bin p ni t Ti A (v tr RGTB) t rle MiCOM P122, in p dy 220 V, BI c t s bin i n BI = 10/1. Ti B (v tr RD1 A) t rle MiCOM P142, in p dy 220 V, BI c t s n BI = 7/1. Ti C (RD1 B) t rle MiCOM P142, in p dy 110 V, BI c t s bin i n BI = 14/1. Thng s ca cc phn t: GS: GTX:
ET: 127 V/phase 220V/220V, 5 kVA, /Y-11 Z 1 =Z 2 =Z 0 = 1,38 220V/110V, 2 kVA, t u dy zig zag vi trung tnh ni t. Z 1 =Z 2 =Z 0 = 0,44 Line 2: DTX1: Z 1 =Z 2 =Z 0 = 3,70 220V/110V, 2 kVA, Y/-1 Z 1 =Z 2 =Z 0 = 3,60 Khi th nghim cc dng ngn mch pha th ta khng s dng my bin p ni t ET. Khi th nghim cc dng ngn mch chm t th ta ni thm ET to ng i cho dng in th t khng pha sau DTX1. Dng in ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20 s tng i ln, v vy ta cn ni trung tnh ca ET vi in tr R = 1 gim dng in ngn mch. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
2 My bin p ni t ET c tng tr nh nn ta c th b qua khi tnh ton dng in ngn mch. y tng tr ca cc phn t trong s ch c thnh phn cm khng X, cc thng s c quy i v cp in p 220 V. 2.2. Tnh ton dng in khi xy ra cc s c ngn mch Vic tnh ton c th do sinh vin chun b trc khi th nghim. Kt qu tnh ton ghi trong Bng 1.1. Dng ngn mch Dng in s cp ca cc BI, A TP20 TP17 TP2 Ngn mch ba pha V tr A Dng in pha 14,60 25 92 V tr B Dng in pha 14,60 25 - V tr C Dng in pha 29,20 - - Ngn mch hai pha b c V tr A Dng in pha a Dng in pha b Dng in pha c V tr B Dng in pha a Dng in pha b Dng in pha c V tr C Dng in pha a Dng in pha b Dng in pha c Ngn mch pha a chm t V tr A Dng in pha a 10 25,7 97 Dng in pha b 0 6,3 5,3 Dng in pha c 10 6,3 5,3 Dng in th t khng 0 13 86 V tr B Dng in pha a 10 6,3 5,3 Dng in pha b 0 6,3 5,3 Dng in pha c 10 6,3 5,3 Dng in th t khng 0 18,9 16 V tr C Dng in pha a 30 0 0 Dng in pha b 0 0 0 Dng in pha c 0 0 0 Dng in th t khng 30 0 0 Bng 1.1. Kt qu tnh ton dng in trn m hnh th nghim 2. 3. Ci t chc nng bo v qu dng in cho cc rle 2.3.1. Chc nng bo v qu dng in pha (I>) B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
3 i vi rle qu dng in, dng in khi ng I k ca bo v c chn theo cng thc kinh nghim: max lv v m at k I k k . k I . Trong : k at - h s an ton, thng ly trong khong 1,1 n 1,2. k m - h s m my ca cc ph ti ng c c dng in chy qua ch t bo v. k v - h s tr v, bng 0,85 0,9 vi rle c v bng 0,95 vi rle s. I lvmax - dng lm vic ln nht cho php i vi phn t c bo v. Trong bi th nghim ny ta ch kim tra hot ng ca cc bo v khi xy ra ngn mch nn dng in khi ng c t thng nht l 1 A cho cc rle (y chnh l dng in th cp ca cc BI). Di y ta ch ci t thi gian tc ng ca cc rle. i vi rle MiCOM, ta c th la chn c tnh thi gian ct trong nhiu loi c tnh khc nhau, y ta chn thng nht c tnh thi gian ct cho rle theo chun IEC, loi c tnh SI (Standard Inverse). Phng trnh c tnh ct ca rle: TMS 1 ) I I ( 14 . 0 t 02 . 0 k
Trong : Dng in khi ng ca rle l I k = 1 A. Dng in th cp ca BI chy qua rle l I, A. TMS (Time Multiplier Setting) l bi s thi gian t. I/I k l bi s dng in t. TMS l gi tr th hin t l gim thi gian tc ng theo tnh ton. V d thi gian tc ng theo tnh ton l: 1) (TMS t 1 ) I I ( 14 . 0 t tt 02 . 0 k
Khi t TMS = 0,5 th thi gian tc ng ch cn mt na so vi gi tr tnh ton: t t = 0,5t tt . Bi vy TMS l cng c hu ch ta thc hin ci t thi gian tc ng ca cc bo v m bo s phn cp thoi gian tc ng. Cc ng cong hnh 1.2. gip ta tra c thi gian tc ng ng vi bi s dng in t v gi tr TMS cho trc.
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4
Hnh 1.2. c tnh thi gian ct loi IEC SI a. Ci t cho rle ti v tr C V rle C bo v cho phn t cui cng nn ta c th chn thi gian tc ng nh nht c th cho rle. Ta chn gi tr TMS nh nht i vi vi rle MiCOM P142 l TMS = 0,025. Theo Bng 1.1. ta c dng in ngn mch s cp ca BI rle C khi ngn mch ba pha ti TP20 l I = 29,20 A. Gi tr dng in i vo rle l: 29,20/14 = 2,09 A (v BI c t s 14/1). B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
5 Thi gian tc ng ca rle ti C l: s 24 , 0 025 , 0 . 1 09 , 2 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
(Ta cng c th tra th Hnh 1.2 vi Multiple of I s = 2,09, TMS = 0,025). b. Ci t cho rle ti v tr B Rle ti B lm nhim v bo v chnh cho my bin p DTX1 v bo v d phng cho rle C. Do khi ngn mch ti TP20 th thi gian tc ng ca rle B phi tha mn: s 54 , 0 3 , 0 24 , 0 t t t RC RB
Khi s c ti TP20, dng in s cp ca BI ca rle B l 14,60 A, dng in i vo rle B l 14,60/7 = 2,09 A (BI c t s n BI = 7/1). Gi tr TMS tm nh iu kin v thi gian tc ng nh ni trn: 057 , 0 TMS TMS 1 09 , 2 14 , 0 54 , 0 t 02 , 0
Gi tr TMS gn nht c th t vo rle l TMS = 0,05. Khi thi gian tc ng ca rle ti B khi ngn mch ti TP20 l: s 48 , 0 05 , 0 1 09 , 2 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
Khi ngn mch ti TP17, dng in ngn mch pha s cp ca BI ca rle B l 25 A (Bng 1.1), dng in i vo rle l 25/7 = 3,57 A. Nh vy, thi gian tc ng ca rle B khi ngn mch ba pha ti TP17 l: s 28 , 0 05 , 0 1 57 , 3 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
c. Ci t cho rle ti v tr A Rle ti A lm nhim v bo v chnh cho ng dy 2 (line 2) v bo v d phng cho rle B. Do khi ngn mch ti TP17 th thi gian tc ng ca rle A phi tha mn: s 58 , 0 3 , 0 28 , 0 t t t RB RA
Khi s c ti TP17, dng in s cp ca BI ca rle A l 25 A, dng in i vo rle A l 25/10 = 2,50 A (BI c t s n BI = 10/1). Gi tr TMS tm nh iu kin v thi gian tc ng nh ni trn: 077 , 0 TMS TMS 1 5 , 2 14 , 0 58 , 0 t 02 , 0
Gi tr TMS gn nht c th t vo rle l TMS = 0,075. Khi thi gian tc ng ca rle ti A l: s 57 , 0 075 , 0 1 5 , 2 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
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6 2.3.2. Chc nng bo v qu dng in th t khng (I 0 >) Dng in th t khng y c tnh ton nh vo cc dng in pha (tng ca ba dng in pha). Gi tr dng in khi ng cho chc nng ny ta cng thng nht t l I k = 1 A (pha th cp ca BI). Cc c tnh thi gian tc ng cng c chn thng nht l IEC SI. Di y ta s i xc nh cc gi tr TMS phi hp thi gian tc ng gia cc rle. a. Ci t cho rle ti C Khi xt s c ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20 vi iu kin trung tnh my bin p ET ni qua in tr R = 1 ta tnh c dng in th t khng pha s cp ca BI ca rle C l 30 A. Gi tr dng in pha th cp l 30/14 = 2,1 A. Do rle C bo v cho phn on cui cng nn ta chn thi gian tc ng nh nht ng vi TMS = 0,025. Thi gian tc ng ca rle C (chc nng I 0 >) khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20 l: s 23 , 0 025 , 0 1 1 , 2 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
b. Ci t cho rle ti B Theo Bng 1.1, khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP20, rle ti B tnh c dng in th t khng (tng cc vector dng in pha) l 0, ng thi rle B cng nhn c cc dng in pha a v pha c c gi tr pha s cp l 10 A (gi tr pha th cp l 10/7 = 1,43 A). V vy, chc nng bo v qu dng in th t khng ca rle B khng th d phng cho rle C c. Nu rle ti C khng tc ng (v d nh b kha tc ng), chc nng bo v qu dng in pha ca rle B s tc ng vi thi gian: s 97 , 0 05 , 0 1 43 , 1 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
Rle A nhn c dng in s cp tng t nh rle B nhng v t s bin i ca BI l 10/1 nn dng in pha s cp l 1 A (gi tr ny thc t nh hn v dng in ngn mch c tnh ton th ch xt n cm khng ca cc phn t). Nh vy, rle A c th s khng nhn bit c s c ang xy ra ti TP20. Nh vy ci t chc nng I 0 > cho rle B, ta phi da vo s c ti TP17. Khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP17, dng in th t khng m rle B tnh ton c l 18,9 A, gi tr pha th cp ca BI l 18,9/7 = 2,7 A. Thi gian tc ng ca rle B c th c tnh vi TMS = 0,05: s 35 , 0 05 , 0 1 7 , 2 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
c. Ci t cho rle ti A Rle ti A lm nhim v d phng cho rle ti B nn khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP17, thi gian tc ng ca rle A l: s 65 , 0 3 , 0 35 , 0 t t t RB RA
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7 Dng in th t khng i qua s cp ca BI ca rle A l 13 A (Bng 1.1), gi tr pha th cp l 13/10 = 1,3 A. Gi tr TMS c tm t iu kin thi gian ct: 024 , 0 TMS TMS 1 3 , 1 14 , 0 65 , 0 t 02 , 0
Gi tr gn nht c th chn l TMS = 0,025. Khi thi gian tc ng ca rle A khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP17 l: s 66 , 0 025 , 0 1 3 , 1 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
Khi ngn mch mt pha chm t ti TP2 th dng in th t khng pha s cp BI ca rle A l 97 A, gi tr pha th cp l 97/10 = 9,7 A. Thi gian tc ng: s 07 , 0 025 , 0 1 7 , 9 14 , 0 t 02 , 0
Ta nhn thy dng in ngn mch khi ngn mch chm t gn thanh ci h thng l rt ln v vy cn thit phi ni t cc im trung tnh qua in tr hoc in khng gim dng in ngn mch. 2.4. Tin hnh th nghim 2.4.1. Ci t thng s cho rle MiCOM P122 v MiCOM P142 a. Ci t cho cc rle MiCOM P142 Configuration Settings Active Settings Group 1 Settings Group 1 Enabled Earth Fault 1 Disabled Earth Fault 2 Enabled Trong chc nng Earth Fault 1, dng in th t khng c o trc tip t h thng qua mt my bin dng trn dy trung tnh ni t. Trong Earth Fault 2, dng th t khng c tnh bng tng dng in ba pha. Do khng c my bin dng ni dy trung tnh ni t ca my bin p trn b th nghim nn ta ch s dng Earth Fault 2 (Enable).
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8 CT and VT Ratios
Relay C - RD1B Relay B - RD1A Main VT Primary 110V 220V Main VT Secondary 110V 110V Phase CT Primary 14A 7A Phase CT Secondary 1A 1A Group 1- Overcurrent Function IEC S Inverse IEC S Inverse I> Direction Non Directional Non Directional I>1 Current Set (Prim) 14A 7A I>1 TMS 0,025 0,05 Earth Fault 2
Function IEC S Inverse IEC S Inverse IN>1 Current 1A 1A IN>1 TMS 0,025 0,05 b. Ci t cho rle MiCOM P122 Configuration Settings Group Select Group 1 CT Ratio Line CT primary 10A Line CT Sec 1A Check phase rotation is ABC I>? Yes, I>1,0Tn Earth Fault 2 Function Ie> Yes Ie> 1,0Ien Delay Type IDMT IDMT IEC SI TMS 0,025
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9 2.4.2. Kim tra hot ng ca cc bo v a. S ni dy Tin hnh ni dy theo s hnh 1.3.
Hnh 1.3. S ni dy cho th nghim bo v qu dng in b. Trnh t th nghim Th nghim vi cc s c pha pha (chc nng I>) 1. Ni ng h m thi gian ct vo im TP20 v t thi gian ti a cho ng h l 1,5 sec 2. Kho cc chc nng qu dng ct nhanh ca rle D1A v D1B. 3. M cc my ct: CB22, CB24, CB26. 4. ng cc my ct CB23 v CB25. 5. Ni s to s c 3 pha ti im TP20 v ng my ct to s c (gn v tr ng h m thi gian). 6. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1B (ti C) B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
10 7. Truy cp rle D1B v ghi li cc thng s: a. Chc nng bo v g tc ng. b. ln dng in s c. c. Thi gian tn ti s c. d. Thi gian lm vic ca rle. e. Thi gian tc ng ca my ct. 8. Kho tm thi rle D1B v to s c nh bc 5. 9. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A (ti B). 10. Truy nhp rle D1A v ghi li cc thng s nh bc 7. 11. To s c ti TP17 12. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A. 13. Kho tm thi rle D1A v to s c mt ln na ti TP17 14. Quan st phn ng ca rle GTB ti A. 15. Lp li cc thao tc t bc 5 vi cc dng s c ngn mch 2 pha, ghi li cc thng s v nu nhn xt v thi gian tc ng cng nh s phn cp thi gian lm vic gia cc bo v trong trng hp ny c g thay i S lm vic chn lc gia cc bo v cn c m bo hay khng? Th nghim vi cc s c pha t (chc nng I 0 >) 1. To s c 1 pha ti im TP20 2. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1B. 3. Truy cp rle D1B v ghi li cc thng s: a. Chc nng bo v g tc ng. b. ln dng in s c. c. Thi gian tn ti s c. d. Thi gian lm vic ca rle. e. Thi gian tc ng ca my ct. 4. Kho tm thi rle D1B v to s c 1 pha ti TP20 5. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A. 6. Truy nhp rle D1A v ghi li cc thng s nh bc 3. 7. To s c ti TP17 8. Quan st phn ng ca rle D1A. 9. Kho tm thi rle D1A v to s c mt ln na ti TP17 10. Quan st phn ng ca rle GTB ti A. III. YU CU BO CO TH NGHIM Bo co th nghim phi bao gm nhng ni dung sau: B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
11 1. Mc ch th nghim 2. S ni dy ca mng in th nghim 3. Tnh ton dng in ngn mch khi xy ra ngn mch ti cc im TP20, TP17 v TP2 trong mng in (ngn mch ba pha, ngn mch mt pha chm t, ngn mch hai pha). 4. Qu trnh ci t cho cc rle. 5. Kt qu cc dng in ngn mch do rle ghi li. 6. Kt qu kim tra thi gian tc ng ca cc rle. 7. Nhn xt v gii thch v phn ng ca cc rle.
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12 BI TH NGHIM S 2 NGHIN CU BO V SO LCH MY BIN P I. MC CH TH NGHIM 1. Tm hiu nguyn l bo v so lch cho my bin p. 2. Ci t v kim tra hot ng ca rle s MiCOM P633 vi chc nng bo v so lch v bo v qu dng in cho my bin p. II. C S L THUYT i vi cc my bin p (MBA) cng sut ln, m bo tnh tc ng nhanh, nhy v chn lc cao, ngi ta s dng chc nng bo v so lch (differential protection - 87) lm bo v chnh, chc nng bo v qu dng in c s dng lm bo v d phng. Ngoi ra chc nng bo v chng qu ti nhit (49), cc chc nng bo v khng da vo i lng in nh qu nhit thng du, rle kh (Buchholz), rle cnh bo mc du thp lun c s dng i vi cc MBA du cng sut ln. Trong khun kh thc hin th nghim v nghin cu trn b m phng h thng in (PSS Power System Simulator) chng ta ch xem xt chi tit vic ng dng hai chc nng bo v so lch v qu dng d phng cho MBA. 2.1. Nguyn l bo v so lch Bo v so lch da trn nguyn tc so snh bin dng in gia hai u ca mt phn t. Tn hiu dng in em ra so snh c ly t th cp ca cc BI ni vo cc u ca phn t c bo v.
Hnh 2.1. Minh ha nguyn l bo v so lch Dng in i qua rle bng: I R = I T1 - I T2
Trong : I R - Dng in chy qua rle hay cn gi l dng in so lch. I T1 - Dng in th cp BI 1 . I T2 - Dng in th cp BI 2 . Vng tc ng ca bo v so lch c gii hn bng v tr t ca cc t my bin dng cc u phn t c bo v. Trong ch lm vic bnh thng hoc s c ngoi vng, tr s dng in chy vo vng bo v bng tr s dng in chy ra khi vng bo v. Trn hnh v m t 18.1 ta thy rng dng in chy qua rle s bng hiu hai dng th cp BI v bng khng, rle khng lm B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
13 vic. Ngc li nu c s c trong vng bo v (hnh v 18.2), dng in chy qua rle bng tng hai dng th cp BI v khc khng, rle s tc ng ct my ct. Bo v so lch dng in thuc dng chn lc tuyt i (Unit Protection), chng ta c th t thi gian tr bng 0.
Hnh 2.2. ng i ca dng in khi ngn mch trong vng bo v so lch Trong thc t do c sai s ca cc thit b trong h thng bo v so lch, c bit l cc my bin dng in (BI), lm cho vic so snh tr s dng in vo v ra khng th chnh xc tuyt i c. Ngay c trong ch lm vic bnh thng, hay c bit l khi c s c ngn mch ngoi, cc BI c kh nng b bo ho mch t, s tn ti mt dng in khng cn bng chy qua rle v dn n kh nng tc ng nhm ca h thng bo v. Chnh v l do trn ngi ta phi tin hnh hm khng cho rle tc ng nhm. C nhiu phng php cng nh cch thc ngn chn tc ng nhm ca cc rle so lch. i vi h thng bo v so lch s dng rle c-in ngi ta dng thm cun hm, s dng s tng tr cao ... Trong cc rle s ngi ta s dng phn mm to ra cc c tnh tc ng c ngha tng t nh rle c-in trc y. c tnh tc ng ca chc nng bo v so lch s c xem xt thng qua vic tm hiu rle Areva P632 c trnh by pha sau. Cng c th ni thm rng c tnh tc ng ca cc loi rle s u kh ging nhau mc d c trnh by v s dng cng ngh khc nhau. 2.2. Cc vn t ra khi ng dng bo v so lch cho MBA Khi p dng nguyn l so lch dng in bo v cc my bin p v bin p t ngu, cn lu cc vn nh sau: 2.2.1. S khc bit v tr s ca dng s cp BI Dng in s cp BI hai (hoc nhiu pha) ca my bin p thng khc nhau v tr s theo t s bin i gia in p cc pha. cn bng dng in th cp ca cc BI trong ch lm vic bnh thng, ngi ta la chn t s bin i ca BI cc pha hoc ni tip qua cc BI trung gian BIG sao cho tr s cc dng in a vo so snh trong rle phi gn bng nhau. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
14
Hnh 2.3. iu chnh bin trong bo v so lch MBA 2 cun dy. Theo hnh 2.3, gi s my bin p c in p cc pha U 1 /U 2 , t s bin i ca my bin p l n = 2 1 U U , t s bin i ca cc bin dng cc pha ln lt l n 1 , n 2 th t s bin i ca my bin dng trung gian BIG l: n tg = 2 1 n n n Nu n tg qu ln, ngi ta c th ni tip nhiu bin dng trung gian t c t s bin i mong mun. 2.2.2. S khc bit v gc pha ca dng s cp BI My bin p thng c t u dy khc nhau, v d Y/ , Y0/Y0/ . Dng in s cp BI cc pha my bin p c th lch pha tu theo t u dy MBA. c c dng th cp a vo rle so snh c cng gc pha, bin dng cc pha my bin p v bin dng trung gian cn phi c t u dy ph hp tu thuc vo t u dy ca my bin p. i vi h thng bo v s dng rle c-in, ngi ta c th thc hin nh sau: Nu t u dy pha th cp ca tt c BI l ni sao, t u dy ca bin dng trung gian hng v pha ni sao ca my bin p s ni sao v ngc li, nh minh ho trn hnh v 2.3. Vic a thm bin dng trung gian ng thi cng x l c dng khng cn bng gy ra do thnh phn dng th t khng khi trung tnh ca cun dy my bin p ni t m c ngn mch chm t xy ra trong h thng. 2.2.3. Hm bo v so lch khi ng my bin p khng ti Tu vo thi im ng my bin p khng ti vi ngun in m tr s ban u ca dng in t ho my bin p c th ln gp nhiu ln dng in danh nh ca my bin p. Trng hp xu nht tng ng vi dng t ho ln nht s xy ra khi ng my ct vo thi im in p ngun c gi tr tc thi qua im 0. Khi qu trnh qu chm dt, dng in t ho tr li tr s xc lp khong vi phn trm dng danh nh. V dng in t ho qu (I inrush ) ch chy qua cun dy my bin p ni vi ngun v bin p ang ch khng ti, nn dng in cun dy cc pha cn li u bng khng. Trong trng hp ny, nu khng c bin php hm thch hp, bo v so lch c th tc ng nhm do nhn nhn hin tng B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
15 ng my bin p khng ti nh c ngn mch bn trong my bin p. Khi phn tch, ngi ta thy rng dng t ho li thp MBA khng c dng sin vi thnh phn sng hi bc hai chim t l ln. Nu thnh phn bc hai c tch ra v a vo tng cng cho dng hm ca bo v so lch th s ngn chn c tc ng nhm. 2.2.4. Hm bo v so lch khi xy ra bo ho mch t my bin p Khi lm vic trong h thng, my bin p thng chu nhng in p xung kch, cn gi l qu in p, c gi tr gp nhiu ln tr s in p nh mc, gy hin tng qu kch. Nu mch t b bo ho th dng chy qua rle ca bo v so lch s khc khng, rle c nguy c tc ng nhm. Tng t nh dng in t ho xung kch khi ng MBA khng ti, dng in chy qua MBA lc b bo ho mch t khng sin, vi t l thnh phn hi bc 5 rt ln. Ngi ta da vo t l thnh phn dng in hi bc 5 trn dng in tn s c bn (I 5*f /I 1*f ) hm, ngn chn tc ng nhm. 2.2.5. Rle tng tr cao Khi xy ra ngn mch ngoi vng bo v, dng ngn mch qu ln v duy tr c th gy nn bo ho bin dng, dn n s tc ng nhm ca bo v. m bo tc ng chn lc ca bo v so lch khi c ngn mch ngoi, ngi ta s dng nguyn l bo v so lch tng tr cao v trong mt s trng hp ng dng, phng thc ny c nhiu u im hn vic s dng cun hm. Nguyn l bo v so lch tng tr cao c s dng ch yu i vi thanh gp v bo v chng chm t hn ch MBA. xem xt n gin hn vn sai s do bo ho BI, xt trng hp s ch c hai phn t vi my bin dng c thng s hon ton ging nhau. Dng s thay th hnh ca my bin dng, ta c mch ng tr nh sau:
Hnh 2.4. ng tr mch in bo v so lch khi khng co my bin dng b bo ha
B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
16 Hnh 2.5. ng tr mch in bo v so lch khi c my bin dng b bo ha Trong : R i l in tr cun dy ca my bin dng v dy ni trong bo v. Z l in khng ca mch t ho. ch bnh thng v ngn mch ngoi, nu cc my bin dng khng b bo ho th X c tr s kh ln, dng in trong mch t ho nh nn c th b qua. Dng in th cp khp qua vng 1 v 4. in p t trn rle rt nh. Dng qua rle khi bng khng, rle khng tc ng. Nu dng ngn mch ngoi qu ln, bin dng t trn phn t s c b bo ho hon ton: c th xem khi X 2 = 0, mch th cp ca BI 2 coi nh b ni tt, in p t trn rle rt ln, rle s tc ng sai. khc phc hin tng ny c th thc hin hm bng cch ni tip vi rle mt in tr b sung R bs (hay cn gi l in tr n nh) gim dng qua rle. Khi c thm in tr b sung, dng qua rle lc cha ti ngng, rle s khng tc ng.
Hnh 2.6.Minh ha rle so lch tng tr cao Gi tr ca in tr b sung phi c tr s hp l sao cho in p ging trn rle khng vt qu in p khi ng ca rle. Nu R bs qu ln, khi ngn mch trong vng bo v, dng qua rle qu nh, c th di ngng tc ng, rle li khng tc ng. Dng tc ng ca rle c chn t 5%-20% dng th cp BI, mc d rle c th khng n nh ngng thp. Nu yu cu ngng cao, mt in tr Shunt (in tr phi tuyn) c ni song song vi rle v in tr b sung bo v qu p cho rle. Cch tnh in tr b sung nh sau : T hnh 2.5: V AB = I 2 .( R D2 + R BI2 ) Khi c thm in tr ph nh hnh 2.6: V R = I R .R Trong : R=R bs +R R R R - in tr ca rle. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
17 I R .R I 2 .( R D2 + R BI2 ) I R - Dng in chy qua rle. Suy ra R I 2 /I R ( R D2 + R BI2 ) M R bs = R- R R v I R .R R = S R /I R , nn: R bs = [ V AB - S R /I R ] .I R 2.2.6. S c chm t cun dy my bin p My bin p ni tam gic - sao nh hnh v 18.3. im trung tnh cun dy u sao ni t qua in tr R. Khi xy ra s c chm t trn mt pha ca cun dy ni sao khong cch x tnh t im trung tnh, in p ti im s c so vi im trung tnh l : 3 V . x S
Trong V S l in p dy ca pha cun dy c ni sao ca my bin p. ln dng ngn mch c th tnh theo: 3 R V . x S
Quy i dng in ny sang pha ni tam gic ca my bin p, Id c gi tr: Id= 3 R V . x S 3 V V . x d S
Trong V d l in p dy ca cun dy u tam gic. Dng I d chy qua cc bin dng pha cun tam gic, trong khi do im ngn mch nm pha trc ca cc BI pha cun u sao (hay ni cch khc cc BI ny khng nhn ra s c) nn cc BI pha cun u sao khng h cung cp dng cho rle. Dng qua rle trong trung hp ny ch do BI pha cun tam gic cung cp I r = d S 2 2 RV 3 V . x , nu ta xt pha th cp th gi tr ny cn qui i theo t s bin dng tng ng I r = k 1 RV 3 V . x d S 2 2 , vi k l t s bin dng pha ni tam gic. Nh vy dng qua rle ph thuc gi tr in tr R, nu R c gi tr kh ln v d 1pu v vi gi thit t dng khi ng ca rle l 0,2I n th rle ch c th nhy bo v khong 40% cun dy my bin p (nhng s c ri vo vng t 0-40% ca cun dy tnh t trung tnh s c dng s c qu nh, rle khng nhy pht hin). 2.3. Rle s bo v so lch Thay v s dng bin dng trung gian hoc u ni cc BI cho ph hp, trong cc rle s, vic iu chnh bin , iu chnh gc lch pha, iu chnh t s bin i, u thc hin bng phn mm. Chnh v vy t hp cch ni dy ca my bin p lc v cc bin dng c th tu . B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
18 Tuy nhin, trang 3-39 Areva P632 Technical Manual a ra mt cu hnh chun: tt c cc BI c ni sao khng ph thuc vo t u dy ca cc cun dy s cp v th cp my bin p lc. Cch iu chnh bin v gc pha (trang 3-95, 3-115) c p dng cho cu hnh chun ny. Nu thay i cch ni ca bin dng, th cch iu chnh vct cng phi thay i. 2.3.1. iu chnh bin Cch iu chnh bin v xc nh h s iu chnh bin c a ra trong trang 3-97 Areva P632 Technical Manual . Vic iu chnh bin c th gii thch n gin qua v d sau:
Hnh 2.7. iu chnh bin Gi s my bin p c cng sut nh mc danh nh l S ref , in p danh nh cc pha U 1 /U 2 . Dng in c s (c rle tnh ton) cc pha l: I 1 = 1 3U S ref , I 2 = 2 3U S ref
Dng th cp ca bin dng: I T1 = 1 1 S I I , I T2 = 2 2 S I I
Trong : I S1 , I S2 , l dng danh nh s cp ca cc my bin dng tng ng. Khi h thng cn bng I T1 = I T2 . Nu nhn I Ti vi cc h s k 1 , k 2 trong : k 1 = 1 1 I I S , k 2 = 2 2 I I S
khi : I T1. k 1 = I T2 .k 2 =1 k 1 , k 2 gi l h s iu chnh bin cc pha ca my bin p. Rle ch vic nhn h s ny vi dng th cp ca bin dng v em kt qu thu c ra so snh. H s iu chnh ny phi tho mn cc iu kin sau y: k
5 min max k k 3 k min 0,7 2.3.2 iu chnh gc lch pha B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
19 iu chnh gc lch pha nhm a dng in hai pha s v th cp my bin p i vo rle trng pha nhau. Vic ny c thc hin bng cch quay vect dng in th cp theo vect dng in s cp, tu theo t ni dy ca bin p c bo v.
Hnh 2.8 iu chnh bin . Phn mm ca rle tnh ton I s2a bng qu trnh nh minh ho trn hnh 18.8. Thng tin ci t duy nht c a vo rle l t ni dy ca my bin p, vi quy nh pha c hai pha my bin p cng c ni theo cu hnh chun. C 11 nhm vect, c a ra t trang 3-101 ti 3-103 trong Areva P632 Technical Manual. Vic thc hin iu chnh gc pha hon ton khng c thc hin pha s cp (pha in p cao). 2.3.3 X l dng in th t khng 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 I 0 I 1 I 2 I 0 I R 0 I R le HT A B
Hnh 2.9. Lc thnh phn th t khng Gi s cun dy s cp my bin p c ni sao, im trung tnh c ni t. Khi c s c chm t ngoi vng bo v, thnh phn dng th t khng s khp mch thng qua ni t trung tnh. Pha cn li ca my bin p ni tam gic nn dng th t khng ch chy qun bn trong m khng i qua cc BI. iu ny gy nn dng khng cn bng (dng so lch) trong rle. Kt qu l rle s tc ng sai. Do cn phi loi tr dng th t khng bn pha s cp bng cch dng b lc. Thnh phn dng th t khng c xc nh t tng cc dng pha c iu chnh v bin . B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
20 Nu pha th cp ni sao, nh my bin p trong b m phng, b lc thnh phn dng th t khng cng phi c s dng. Minh ho nh trn hnh 2.9. Khi ngn mch chm t trong vng pha ni sao, cc thnh phn I 1 , I 2 , I 0 ca dng s c i vo t. Bn pha s cp dng I 1 , I 2 tn ti t ngun n i qua cc bin dng. V khng c dng in qua cc bin dng pha th cp my bin p, nn rle tc ng ct. Khi ngn mch chm t ngoi vng pha ni sao, c ba thnh phn I 1 , I 2 , I 0 u i qua bin dng pha th cp, nhng ch c thnh phn I 1 , I 2 qua bin dng pha s cp. Do tn ti dng khng cn bng tn ti trong rle, kt qu l rle tc ng sai. trnh rle tc ng nhm trong trng hp ny, cn phi lc dng th t khng bn pha th cp ca my bin p. Nu pha th cp my bin p c ni tam gic, dng th t khng t ng c loi b. 2.3.4. c tnh tc ng ca rle s Sau khi c iu chnh v bin v gc pha, tng dng in tt c cc pha my bin p a vo rle u bng khng trong ch vn hnh bnh thng v cc iu kin khc l l tng. Khi c ngn mch trong vng ca bo v so lch, tng dng in cc pha khc khng, dng ny c gi l dng so lch I d . Tuy nhin, trong thc t, dng so lch tn ti ngay c trong trng hp vn hnh bnh thng ch yu do nh hng ca cc yu t nh dng t ho my bin p lc (dng in khng ti), sai s ca my bin dng v vic thay i u phn p trong qu trnh iu chnh in p. Trong khi dng t ho c xc nh bi mc in p ca h thng v do c th xem nh bng hng s, khng ph thuc vo ti, sai s bin i ca cc my bin dng in li l hm s ca dng in i qua pha s cp bin dng. Gi tr ngng ca bo v so lch my bin p do khng c thc hin nh ngng dng so lch c nh, n c nh dng nh mt hm s ca dng hm I R . Dng hm thay i theo gi tr dng in qua my bin p c bo v. Hm Id=f(I R ) m t c tnh tc ng ca bo v. c tnh tc ng ca bo v so lch c minh ho trong hnh 2.10. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
21 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 3 , 0 m1 7 , 0 m 2 Vng tc ng Vng khng tc ng 2 , 0 I I ref d 0 , 4 I I ref 2 m , R ref R I I ref d I I
Hnh 2.10. c tnh tc ng ca bo v so lch Dng so lch c nh ngha bng tng vect dng in ( c iu chnh) pha s cp v th cp ca my bin p. Dng hm c nh ngha bng mt na tng i s cc dng in pha s v th cp ca my bin p. Khi dng i n im s c t c hai pha (cao v h) bng nhau c v bin v pha, hai dng ny s trit tiu ln nhau, v dng in hm bng khng, hiu ng hm do b trit tiu. y l mt kt qu mong mun v trong trng hp ny nhy ca bo v so lch l ln nht. Phn u ca c tnh tc ng l vng c nhy ln nht vi gi tr ngng so lch c th chn thp nht. Ngng 0,2 c la chn da theo dng t ho ca my bin p, dng ny tn ti trong ch khng ti v thng nh hn 5% dng danh nh my bin p. Phn u ca c tnh tc ng i ngang n khi gp c tnh s c trong trng hp h thng c ngun cp t mt pha. Phn th hai ca c tnh tc ng khng ch da vo dng t ho my bin p m cn da vo dng so lch do sai s bin i ca cc my bin dng. im gp th hai ca c tnh tc ng xc nh kt thc vng qu ti cho php theo hng tng ca dng hm khi khng c s c. N c th bng 4 ln dng danh nh trong trng hp vn hnh no , v d nh khi mt my bin p vn hnh song song b s c. Do , im gp th hai c th c t (I r , m 2 ) mc nh bng 4I c s. 2.3.5. Bo v chng chm t hn ch Nh nu trn, bnh thng ngi ta khng th bo v c ton b cun dy my bin p bng chc nng bo v so lch 87T. gim vng cht khi xut hin cc s c chm t ti B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
22 cc vng dy gn im trung tnh cun dy ni Y 0 , ngi ta b sung thm chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch nh c m t trn hnh 2.11. REF Vng bo v
Hnh 2.11. Bo v chng chm t hn ch. Khi xy ra ngn mch chm t ngoi vng bo v, dng in tng ca 3 bin dng trn 3 pha s cn bng vi dng in ca bin dng ti dy trung tnh ni t. Do , tt c cc bin dng phi c cng t s bin i. Khi xy ra ngn mch chm t trong vng bo v, s xut hin dng in th t khng khp mch qua trung tnh ni t ca my bin p v dng in th t khng cc pha khp mch qua trung tnh ni t ca my bin p pha sau my bin p c bo v, do tn ti dng in khng cn bng trong rle. Rle c th ci t ngng thp, bng 10% dng nh mc MBA, v h thng ny khng b nh hng bi cc yu t bt li nh i vi chc nng 87T bo v chnh ca my bin p. C th s dng rle tng tr cao ngn chn dng khng cn bng gy ra do cc bin dng b bo ho. Bn pha cun tam gic cng c th s dng bo v chng chm t hn ch nh bn cun sao, khi ni t c thc hin qua my to trung tnh. S dng in d (dng in TTK) n gin c ni vo cc ng dy bn pha cun tam gic nh hnh 2.12. REF Vng bo v Ngun
Hnh 2.12. Bo v chng chm t hn ch bn cun dy ni tam gic.
Dng in d (dng th t khng) s i qua cc ng dy ngun cp ti cun tam gic khi c s c trong cun dy ny. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
23 d phng cho bo v chng chm t hn ch, bo v d phng chm t c t dy trung tnh ni t. y l rle qu dng (IDMT) vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc phi c phi hp vi cc rle IDMT khc trong h thng. 2.2.6. ng dng rle Areva P632 cho chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch Rle s nh P632, c th c s dng bo v chng chm t hn ch nh minh ho trn hnh 18.11. Do c thc hin hm bng phn mn nn s so lch c s dng khng yu cu c in tr b sung. Hm ca c tnh bo v c xc nh bng cch so snh tng dng in cc pha I N ca cc dng in pha cun dy my bin p vi dng in im trung tnh I Y . P632 tnh ton trong phn mm ca n tng vect ca cc dng in cc pha. Dng hai pha a vo bo v so lch phi c iu chnh bin , nhng khng cn phi iu chnh vct. H s iu chnh bin cng c tnh ton nh nu trong bo v so lch bng cng thc: k amNb =I nom.b /I refNb v k amYb =I nom.Yb /I refNb
H s b phi tho mn cc iu kin sau y: k
5; min max k k 3; k min 0,5 c tnh tc ng c minh ha trn hnh 18.13. Ngng dng in I dN bng vi bin ca tng vect cc dng in nhn c sau khi iu chnh bin I amNb , I amYb . Dng in hm, I RNb bng vi bin ca dng in tnh ton I amNb . 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 Vng tc ng Vng khng tc ng 2 , 0 I I ref N , d ref N , d I I ref N , R I I 0 0 5 , 1 m
Hnh 2.13. c tnh tc ng ca bo v chng chm t hn ch. III. NI DUNG TH NGHIM 3.1 Gii thiu s lc v rle P632 B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
24 P632 c thit k bo v cho my bin p, ng c v my pht in. Cc chc nng khc c tch hp trong P632 lm nhim v d phng nh bo v qu dng, qu ti nhit, qu kch thch, chng h hng my ct. Rle s P632 c cc chc nng chnh nh sau: - Bo v so lch 3 pha vi i tng bo v 2 cun dy. - iu chnh gc pha v iu chnh bin . - Lc dng th t khng cho mi cun dy, c th khng hot ng. - c tnh hm dc ba on. - Hm b sung theo hi bc hai, tu theo ng dng, c th khng hot ng. - Hm qu t thng theo hi bc nm, c th khng hot ng. - Tng n nh vi b pht hin bo ho. - Bo v chng chm t hn ch. - Bo v qu dng thi gian c lp. - Bo v qu dng thi gian ph thuc. - Bo v qu ti nhit. - Bo v tn s. - Bo v in p. - Gim st gi tr ti hn. - Lp trnh logic. Ngi s dng c th chn tng chc nng ring bit trong cu hnh ca thit b hoc khng s dng theo yu cu. Tu theo cu hnh, ngi s dng c th thay i thit b mt cch linh ng cho ph hp yu cu bo v trong mi ng dng ring bit. Ngoi ra, P632 cn c mt s chc nng khc na. 3.2 S ni dy
B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
25
Hnh 2.14. S ni dy trong bi th nghim 3.3 Gii thiu v my bin p c bo v v h thng bo v GTX l my bin p 3 pha 5kVA, 415/220V c t u Dy11. im sao ca cun th cp my bin p c th c ni t. S u ni ca my bin p v rle c minh ho trn hnh 18.15. Cc ca bin dng c nh du bng chm nh. Khng c my bin dng trung gian iu chnh v bin v gc lch pha ca dng in tun hon gia cc bin dng. Rle t cn bng thng qua cc tnh ton da trn t s bin i ca cc bin dng, in p v t ni dy ca my bin p. iu ny lm h thng tr nn n gin hn, nhng yu cu thng tin khai bo cho rle phi chnh xc. Rle c mt s phn t b sung cho bo v so lch chnh trong trng hp s c pha v s c chm t. Nhng phn t ny dng lm bo v d phng. Mc d phng th nht l REF (Restricted Earth Fault Protecton) - bo v chng chm t hn ch bn pha ni sao (pha in p thp) ca my bin p. Bo v chng chm t hn ch khng bo v c ton b cun dy bn pha ni sao khi c s c cc vng dy gn im trung tnh. Mc d phng th hai l bo v d phng chm t Standby Earth Fault. y l mt rle qu dng vi thi gian tc ng tng i ln. Ngoi ra cn c mt rle qu dn g khc pha trc rle so lch d phng cho trng hp c s c pha h thng, dng s c trong trng hp ny c th khp mch qua my bin p. Mt rle qu dng P122 c t pha th cp my bin p, ngoi vng bo v ca bo v so lch chnh. T s bin ca rle P122 l 10/1. Rle ny phi hp thi gian vi cc rle P142 trong h thng phn phi v s dng. Rle qu dng P122 l rle n gin nht trong thit b m phng. Sch hng dn k thut ca loi rle qu dng ny rt r rng. V s n gin so vi cc rle khc, nn tm hiu B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
26 trc tin v P122. Trong khi tt nht l truy cp cc rle khc qua cng trc v thay i cc thng s trong PC vi phn mm S1, Menu ca P122 kh n gin v c th truy cp d dng bng cc phm pha trc mt. Tt c cc rle ni trn khi tc ng u ct my ct CB1 v CB2.
51 51N P632 BI1 BI2
HT 87T, 87N
Hnh 2.15. My bin p v h thng bo v ca n. 3.4 Ci t Rle so lch l loi rle c Setting Menu phc tp nht trong thit b m phng. REF2, IMDT2 dng cho pha ni tam gic (a), IDMT1 dng cho pha ni sao (b) ca MBA. IDMT2 dng cho chm t d phng. IDMT1 cho qu dng d phng pha s cp my bin p. Cc chc nng c truy cp nh sau:
Rle s t tnh h s iu chnh bin nhng cc h s ny cng phi c tnh trc m bo chng nm trong gii hn cho php. V rle P632 c sn xut s dng thc t trong cng nghip nn gi tr khai bo cng sut c s S ref nh nht bng 100kVA, chnh v B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
27 vy chng ta khng th ci t cng sut tht ca MBA trn b m phng (5kVA) vo rle c m s la chn cc gi tr sau: S ref = 0,40 MVA V nom.a = 0,40 kV V nom.b = 0,20 kV T ta c : I a = 400000/( 3 400 ) = 577 A I b = 400000/( 3 200 ) = 1154 A Nu t s bin dng l 1000/1 v 700/1 thay v 10/1 v 7/1 ca thc t: k a = 1000/1154 = 0,8665 k b = 700/577 = 1,2124 Nhng gi tr ny nm trong di gi tr cho php. Dng ct : I trip = 20% 1 A/1,2124 = 0,165 A khi khng lc thnh phn dng in th t khng. Cc rle c ci t nh sau: 3.4.1. Ci t cho bo v so lch DIFF Config.parameters/DIFF/Function Group DIFF and enable by entering with Parameters/Function Parameters/Global/MAIN Protection enabled Yes Inom C.T.prim.,end a 700 A Inom C.T.prim.,end b 1000 A Inom C.T.Yprim.,end b 700 A Inom device,end a 1 A Inom device,end b 1 A Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
Function Parameters/ General Functions/MAIN Vnom prim.,end a 0.40kV Vnom prim.,end b 0.20kV Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
Function Parameters/General Functions/DIFF General enable USER Yes Reference power Sref 0.40 MVA Ref.curr.Iref,a Not measured (0.577 kA) (******) Ref.curr.Iref,b Not measured (1.154 kA) (******) B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
28 Matching fact.Kam,a Not measured (1.2124 kA) (******) Matching fact.Kam,b Not measured (0.8665 kA) (******) Vector grp.ends a-b 11 Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh (******) l gi tr c rle t tnh
Function Parameters/Parameters Subset 1/ DIFF Enable Yes Idiff> PS1 0.20 Iref m1 PS1 0.3 m2 PS1 0.7 Ir, m2 PS1 4.0 Iref 0-seq.filt.B.enable. Yes Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
3.4.2. Ci t cho bo v chng chm t hn ch REF2 T s bin dng pha ni t l 700/1 Function Parameters/General Functions/REF2 General enable USER Yes Select.Meas.Input End b Reference power Sref 0.40 MVA Ref.curr.Iref,a Not measured (1.154 kA) (******) Matching fact.Kam,a Not measured (0.8665 kA) (******) Matching fact.Kam,b Not measured (0.6066kA) (******) Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh (******) l gi tr c rle t tnh 3.4.3. Bo v chm t d phng Thi gian tc ng ca bo v chm t d phng c vi giy. Function Parameters/General Functions/IDM2 General enable USER Yes Function Parameters/Parameters Subset 1/ IDMT2 Enable Yes Ireff, P Blocked Ireff, P dynamic Blocked B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
29 Ireff, N 0.2 Inom Ireff, N dynamic 0.2 Inom Characteristic N Standard Inverse Factor kt, N 1.2s Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh
3.4.4. Ci t cho bo v qu dng pha s cp MBA, IDMT1 Bo v qu dng pha s cp MBA lm nhim v d phng cho bo v so lch. Function Parameters/General Functions/IDMT1 General enable USER Yes Function Parameters/Parameters Subset 1/ IDMT1 Enable Yes Rush restr.enable Yes Iref, P 1.0 Inom Ireff, P dynamic 1.0 Inom Characteristic P Standard Inverse Factor kt, P 0.07s Min Trip Time 0.05 seconds Cc gi tr khc nh mc nh 3.5. Trnh t th nghim Trong qu trnh th nghim, m bo an ton chng ta lun to s c ngn mch thng qua my ct c hn ch thi gian (Timer CB) v cn t l 0,25s. 3.5.1. S c pha To s c pha - pha v pha - t ti im TP1 trong vng ca bo v so lch. S dng tr khng 9,6 khi to s c hn ch dng ngn mch. Kim tra cc ci t i hi vn hnh cc rle trn 3 pha. Thng s ci t ca rle khng nn gim di 20% dng in nh mc ca rle gi c s n nh trong thi gian s c. Trong thi gian s c, c th kim tra n nh bng cch to s c ngoi vng bo v so lch, line 2, nhng phi m bo bo v Grid Bus Protection c t chnh xc. 3.5.2. S c chm t trong cun dy ca my bin p A - Kho rle chng chm t hn ch, kho rle d phng. Rle qu dng bn pha s cp my bin p c thi gian tc ng 0,3s. N c chc nng d phng cho so lch. To s c chm t TP1 qua tr khng 9,6 . Rle so lch s tc ng. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
30 B - Cun sao c hai im th nghim ni t: chng c ly ra t im 20% v 40% s vng dy ca cun sao tnh t im trung tnh. To s c chm t hai im ny thng qua tr khng 9,6 . Rle so lch s khng tc ng. Nu mun rle tc ng ta phi thay tr khng 9,6 bng mt gi tri khc, c th tnh ton c. Vi im 20% R= 1,35 , vi im 40% R= 5,41 . Nu mun, ta c th tng hoc gim gi tr in tr kim tra l thuyt trn. S dng tr khng 3 , vi im 33%. Khi gi tr in tr qu nh, s rt kh xc nh bin gia tc ng v khng tc ng. Th nghim tng t c th thc hin i vi bo v chng chm t hn ch vi mt gi tr in tr cao hn c th s thuyt phc hn. Lu rng tr khng 9,6 khng c s dng trong trng hp ny. C - Bo v chng chm t hn ch V rle so lch khng th tc ng hiu qu i vi chm t 20% cc vng dy u tin, rle chng chm t hn ch c ci t khc phc iu ny. Tn hiu dng cung cp cho phn t chng chm t hn ch ly t dy ni t ca cun sao pha th cp bin p. Ngng dng in c tnh nh sau: I= I d *I nom /k ama = 0,2*1A/0.6066 = 0,33A hay = 2,2A bn pha s cp Suy ra gi tr ca in tr ni t l: 2,3 A= 124V/R*20% hoc 40% tu im chm t. Gi tr thc t ca in p th cp thng thp hn gi tr danh nh khong 3% do s st p khi xy ra s c. iu ny gy nn s tng in tr i vi c bo v so lch v hn ch. R=11 vi Tap A 20%. R=22 vi Tap B 40%. Nu c so lch v hn ch khng tc ng, rle qu dng d phng s tc ng, nhng s tc ng sau RGT khi s c TP1. Thi gian vn hnh d phng hay khng hn ch khong 10s. 3.5.3. Khai bo sai vi rle - Khai bo t u dy 2 pha my bin p sai cho rle: pha s cp ni sao, pha th cp ni tam gic. To s c TP1. Rle s tc ng sai. - Gim vng hm xung nh nht c th. Cho ngn mch ngoi vng ti TP2. Bo v s tc ng. - Nu khai t u dy ca BI sai: Opposite (khng phi Standard) th vi iu kin bnh thng bo v so lch tc ng. - Khng loi tr dng th t khng v cho ngn mch chm t pha 110kV (hay pha ni sao). IV. YU CU BO CO TH NGHIM 1. Mc ch th nghim 2. Cc thng s ci t c bn trong th nghim 3. Nhn xt v hot ng ca rle B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
31 BI TH NGHIM S 3 NGUYN L BO V KHONG CCH CHO NG DY TI IN I. MC CH TH NGHIM 1. Tm hiu v nguyn l bo v khong cch 2. ng dng ci t cho rle s MiCOM P442 II. C S L THUYT Bo v khong cch ca cc ng dy ti in c th coi l bo v c chn lc tuyt i hoc bo v c chn lc tng i. Tc ng ca bo v khong cch gn nh ng thi vi thi im pht hin s c nhng ging nh bo v qu dng ngng tc ng ca n c th m rng sang cc vng khc. Ni chung bo v khong cch c xem nh bo v c chn lc tng i bi v khng c s so snh cc i lng cc u ca phn t c bo v. 2.1. Nguyn l tng tr Nguyn l o tng tr c dng pht hin s c trn h thng ti in hoc my pht in b mt ng b hay mt kch thch. i vi cc h thng truyn ti, tng tr o c ti ch t bo v trong ch lm vic bnh thng bng tng tr ton b ng dy pha sau cng vi ph ti: Z o = Z dy + Z ph ti
Gi tr tng tr ny cao hn nhiu so vi tng tr o c trong ch s c. Bnh thng Z pti thng ln hn nhiu so vi Z dy , nn tng tr o c ph thuc vo gc pha v tr s ca dng in ph ti. Trn mt phng phc, khi ph ti thay i, vect tng tr o c s thay i gc nghing ca n. Khi c ngn mch trn ng dy, tng tr o c bng tng tr ng dy t rle n ch s c. Nh vy tng tr o c nh i so vi lc bnh thng, v nghing ca vect tng tr s gim i. Khi ngn mch qua in tr trung gian (thng l do in tr ca h quang pht sinh ti ch ngn mch), gc nghing ca vect tng tr gim i nhng tng tr o c c tr s ln hn. Dng n gin nht ca rle khong cch gm mt b phn thc hin vic o tng tr ti ch t bo v (bng thng ca in p ti ch t bo v vi dng in ph ti sau khi c a qua cc BU, BI). Hnh 17.1 minh ho chc nng ny bng vic s dng loi rle in c. Thanh cn bng s chuyn ng sang pha tay phi ng tip im a n ct my ct, lc : I Z V R hoc R Z I V
Nh vy, rle khong cch ch tc ng khi tng tr ca ng dy t ch t rle ti ch s c nh hn gi tr tng tr khi ng. Ngi ta mong mun t gi tr tng tr khi B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
32 ng bng vi tng tr ca ng dy c bo v. Tuy nhin, do sai s ca cc mch o lng, ca bn thn rle nn iu ny khng th thc hin c. Xt ng dy c chiu di 20km vi tng tr trn mt n v chiu di l 0,37 . Tng tr t ch t rle ti cui ng dy l: Z L =20.0,37=7,4 . Sai s 1% s tng ng vi chiu di: 1/100.20=200m. Do , khi c s c trong phm vi 200m u tin ca ng dy s gy nn hin tng tc ng vt phm vi bo v. iu ny l khng th chp nhn c. Do , thng thng gi tr tng tr khi ng ca vng th nht ch bao trm khong 80% chiu di ng dy c bo v. Tuy nhin, cc b so snh kiu bin khng c c tnh hng. Khi dng in i t thanh gp vo ng dy hoc t ng dy ti thanh gp th rle u hot ng. Do , cn phi thm b phn nh hng cng sut. Rle khong cch vi c tuyn khi ng MHO kt hp ng thi c b phn o khong cch v b phn nh hng cng sut. Rle MHO khng n gin so snh V/I vi Z R m so snh (V/I-Z R ) hay (Z F -Z R ) vi Z R . Z R l tng tr t ca rle. Z F l tng tr s c. Ngng khi ng ca rle xy ra khi (Z F -Z R )=Z R v qu tch ngng khi ng l mt ng trn bn knh Z R (Hnh 17.2).
Hnh 3.1. Chc nng ca rle khong cch DR V.T. Rle khong cch im ngng 80% ng dy 20 km c tnh rle trn mt phng Z
My bin in p
My bin dng
Rle khong cch ng dy c bo v
Tng tr ng dy u ng dy
X R B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
33
Hnh 3.2. Qu tch ngng khi ng
Gc pha gia hai i lng Z F v (2Z R -Z F ) c so snh nh hnh 17.3. Ngng khi ng tng ng vi =90 o . Rle s hot ng khi > o 90 . Rle tnh v rle s thc hin vic so snh pha. Trong nhng rle ny, c hai i lng u vo l S 1 v S 2 , trong : 1 n 2 S V I.Z S V
I l dng in s c. Z n l tng tr t ca rle v bng 2Z R .
Hnh 3.3. So snh gc pha gia hai i lng. Mt s trng hp ngn mch khng phi trc tip m thng qua in tr trung gian (thng di dng h quang). in tr qu ti ch ngn mch lm tng tr s tng tr o c v gim gc pha ca vect tng tr. Yu t tng tng tr o c lm cho rle khong cch cm Z F Z R Z - Z FR X R
Z F 2Z R 2ZR-ZF
X R
= Gc c tnh ca rle = Gc ng dy B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
34 nhn im ngn mch xa hn thc t v c th lm tng thi gian lm vic ca bo v. Ngi ta khc phc iu ny bng cch dng rle in khng ch o in khng ca ng dy. Ngy nay, rle in khng c thay th bng rle c c tuyn hnh t gic (Hnh 17.4). Hu ht cc rle s th h mi u s dng dng c tuyn ny. Vi c tuyn ny, ngi ta c th t ngng in tr v in khng mt cch c lp. Ngoi ra, c tuyn in khng ca vng 1 v 2 c th dao ng v im ngng b nh hng ca dng ti trc s c v lm chnh xc cc kt qu o vng 1. Rle khong cch thng c ba vng tc ng cho pha trc v mt vng cho pha sau (Hnh 17.5). 2.2. S ba vng tc ng Nhng rle khong cch kinh t nht ch bao gm cc b phn o vng 1. Nhng b phn ny s tc ng tc thi (t 0). V l do sai s ca cc phn t trong h thng bo v nn vng th nht ca bo v khong cch bao trm khong 80% - 85% chiu di ng dy c bo v. bo v nt 20% chiu di cn li ca ng dy, trong cc rle khong cch c thm b phn khi ng m rng vng tc ng ti cui ng dy tip theo. B phn khi ng khng tc ng ct ngay m s khi ng b nh thi gian v thng ch tc ng sau 0,4s vi ngng m rng ca b phn o, nu cc rle pha sau vn cha lm vic. Qu trnh m rng vng tc ng s lm tng ngng ca b phn o ti 120-150% chiu di ng dy. Vng 2 ny s bao trm 20% chiu di cn li ca ng dy v phn u ca ng dy tip theo. Khi xy ra ngn mch trn phn u ca ng dy B trong vng 1 ca rle khong cch RZ B , bo v s ct my ct MC B vi thi gian t 0. Nu vng 1 ca rle RZ B t chi tc ng th vng 2 ca rle RZ A tc ng ct my ct MC A vi thi gian A t . Nh vy, RZ A lm nhim v d phng cho RZ B .
B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
35 Hnh 3.4. c tuyn hnh t gic.
Hnh 3.5. Bo v khong cch ba vng tc ng. Nguyn l tng tr c th c s dng bo v li in phc tp c nhiu ngun vi hnh dng bt k. Tuy nhin mt s yu t c th nh hng n s o ca b phn khong cch nh sai s ca my bin dng in, bin in p, in tr qu ti ch ngn mch, h s phn b dng in trong nhnh b s c vi dng in qua ch t bo v v c bit l qu trnh dao ng in. 2.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti s lm vic ca rle khong cch 2.3.1. Sai s ca my bin dng in, my bin p Gi thit b phn o tng tr c u vo in p pha v dng in pha (hoc in p dy v hiu s dng in cc pha tng ng): Tng tr o c trn cc ca rle bng: Z R = U R /I R = (U/n U )/(I/n I )= (n U /n I ).(U/I) Trong : U, I tng ng l in p v dng in pha s cp. n I , n U t s bin i ca my bin dong in v my bin in p. Trong trng hp my bin dng v bin p l l tng, cc h s bin i n U , n I l hng s v n U /n I = n Z = const. Trong n Z l t s bin i ca tng tr: n Z =(U/I)/Z R = Z/Z R
Z - tng tr pha s cp ca rle. Trong trng hp my bin dng v my bin p c sai s n I , n U , n Z const, ngha l tng tr (hay khong cch) m rle o c khng phn nh trung thc tng tr pha s cp, tc l tng tr ca ng dy b s c. 2.3.2. in tr qu ti ch ngn mch Mt s trng hp khng phi ngn mch trc tip m thng qua in tr trung gian (thng dng h quang). in tr qu ti ch ngn mch lm tng tr s tng tr o c v gim gc pha ca vect tng tr. Yu t tng tng tr o c lm cho rle khong cch cm nhn im ngn mch xa hn thc t v c th lm tng thi gian lm vic ca bo v gy hin tng co vng tc ng. Chng hn khi ngn mch xy ra gn cui vng 1 nhng v rle Vng 1 Vng 2 Vng 3 80% 120% A B P C 0-60 ms 200 ms 400 ms B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
36 khong cch o c tng tr ln hn, c th cm nhn nh s c xy ra u vng II v tc ng vi thi gian cp II. in tr h quang in mang tnh tc dng v c th c xc nh theo cng thc Warrington: R hq = 2870.L hq /I N 1,4 hoc theo cng thc gn ng: R hq = 2.L hq /I Nmin
2.3.3. H s phn b dng in S o tng tr vng II v vng III ca rle khong cch c th chu nh hng ca h s phn b dng (ngha l s khc nhau gia dng in chy qua ch t bo v v dng in trn nhnh ng dy b s c). A B C IAB IBN IFB RZ A B C IBN IBN RZ ZAB ZBN a b IAB
Hnh v 3.6. nh hng ca h s phn b dng in K I . a - K I > 1: Z R > Z thc t ; b - K I < 1: Z R < Z thc t
Tng tr ca rle khong cch t u A ca ng dy AB o c khi ngn mch 3 pha trc tip xy ra trn ng dy BC tip theo bng : Z R = R R I U = AB A I U = AB AB I BN U U = AB BN AB I . . Z I Z I BN AB = BN AB Z I Z AB BN I
Z R = Z AB +k I .Z BN
Trong : k I = AB BN I I
Khi h s phn b dng k I 1, tng tr Z R m rle khong cch o c khc vi tng tr thc t t ch t bo v n ch ngn mch (Z AN =Z AB +Z BN ). B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
37 i vi s hnh v 17.6a, ngun in ni vo thanh ci B lm cho I BN > I AB v k I > 1, ngha l rle s o c mt tng tr ln hn tng tr thc t Z AN . i vi s hnh v 17.6b, s c mt ca ng dy th hai song song vi ng dy s c lm r mch dng in t ngun n ch ngn mch (I BN = I AB I BN ) nn k I < 1, ngha l rle s o c mt tng tr b hn tng tr thc t Z AN . Vi li in c cu hnh phc tp, h s phn b dng c th thay i theo ch lm vic ca li in, khi im ngn mch nm cng xa ch t bo v khong cch nh hng ca h s phn b dng in cng ln. V vy thng thng bo v khong cch ch c chnh nh vi 3 vng tc ng. Vng th II v c bit l vng th III chu nh hng mnh ca h s phn b dng in. 2.3.4. Dao ng in Khi xy ra nhng bin ng ln v cng sut trong h thng, cc vect sc in ng c th c tc quay khc nhau v khc vi tc ng b gy ra hin tng dao ng dng in v in p trong h thng, hin tng ny c gi l dao ng in. UTmin=0 Qu o ca UT URmin Qu o ca UR R R EA wB wA Tm dao ng Qu o ca EB
Hnh 3.7. Dao ng in trong h thng. Khi xy ra dao ng w A w B w b , gc lch pha gia hai vect E A v E B s bin i theo thi gian, khi > 120 0 thng khng kh nng gi ng b, s thay i thnh nhiu chu trnh 360 0 . Nu ly E A lm chun nhn s chuyn ng tng i ca E B so vi E A , E B s v nn qu o mt vng trn vi tm gc E B v bn knh bng E B . Khi c dao ng in, rle o c in p v dng in thay i lin tc. Khi hai sc in ng lch nhau n 180 0 , in p gim rt thp m dng in li rt ln (c th cao hn dng ngn mch), rle c th s tc ng v cm nhn nh c ngn mch trn ng dy. Do phi phn bit s khc bit gia dao ng in v ngn mch. pht hin dao ng ( kho bo v khong cch khi c dao ng in) c th cn c vo tc bin thin tng tr o c. Khi dao ng in, dng in v in p ti ch t bo v bin thin vi tc gii hn, cn khi ngn mch hu nh cc i lng ny bin thin B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
38 tc thi. Nu ly o hm theo thi gian ca tng tr dt dZ , trong trng hp ngn mch tr s ny tin ti v cng cn khi dao ng in cc o hm ny c tr s hu hn. Khi ngn mch, tng tr s c lt ngay vo vng tc ng, cn khi dao ng tng tr o c chuyn ng theo qu o dao ng v i vo cc vng tc ng. 2.3.5. Cm ng gia cc dy khi b s c Khi s c ngn mch chm t xy ra trn ng dy nhiu mch nh mch kp, vn hnh song song, do tc ng tng h th t khng ca cc ng dy, bo v khong cch c th o sai gi tr ca in tr. Tc ng tng h th t thun v nghch khng nh hng ln n mch o tng tr ca bo v. 2.3.6. B vi s c chm t i vi cc s c ba pha hoc hai pha chm nhau, b phn o khong cch c th thc hin vic o tng tr mt cch d dng. Tng tr ny cng c coi l tng tr th t thun Z 1
a b seen 1 a b V V Z Z I I
i vi cc s c chm t, vic xc nh Z seen khc so vi s c pha-pha. Dng in trong mch s c ph thuc vo tng tr ca mch s c, phng thc ni t, s im ni t v cc tng tr th t ca mch s c. in p ti im t rle c xc nh theo cng thc: a 1 L1 2 L2 o Lo V I .Z I .Z I .Z
Dng in trong mch vng s c c xc nh nh sau: a 1 2 o I I I I
V dng in d I N ti im t rle c cho bi: N a b c o I I I I 3I
Trong : I a , I b , I c l dng in pha ti im t rle. T cc biu thc trn, ta c phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia in p V a v cc dng in I a , I b , I c nh sau: a L1 a a b c K 1 V Z I (I I I ). 3
Trong : K= Lo L1 Z Z
Biu thc trn cho thy nu t l N K 1 K 3 ca dng in d I N c cng vo dng in I a th tng tr o c s khng ph thuc vo ng dy v s ni t. Hu ht cc rle khong cch thc hin b i vi cc s c chm t bng vic a thm vo mt tng tr m hnh (Hnh 17.8). B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
39
Hnh 3.8. Mch in p v dng in vi s c chm t 2.4. Tin hnh th nghim 2.4.1. Gii thiu s lc v rle P442 Cc rle s ngy nay thng c ch to theo hng hp b, kt hp nhiu chc nng bo v trong mt rle, cho mt i tng bo v. Rle bo v ng dy P442 t hp cc chc nng bo v sau: - Bo v khong cch. - Bo v khong cch dng tn hiu lin ng. - Bo v qu dng ct nhanh. - Bo v chng s c chm t qua in tr cao (chng chm t c nhy cao). - Bo v in p. - Bo v chng h hng my ct. - Bo v qu dng d phng. - T ng li. - Kim tra ng b. Ngoi ra P442 cn c nhiu chc nng khc na. Trong cc rle khong cch hin i nh MICOM P442, mi vng c 6 b phn o: 3 b phn cho cc s c pha-pha, 3 b phn cho cc s c chm t. V vy rle khong cch c 18 b phn o khong cch. N cho ta c c rt nhiu c tuyn khc nhau, thng tin v cc tham s s c v khong cch ti im s c. iu ny em li tnh linh ng v tc tc ng cao. 2.4.2. S ni dy S ni dy nh trong Hnh 3.9. A B C
for A-N fault Z 1 Z 2 Z 3 I N Z N Relay comparator circuits Relay replica circuits V A B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
40
Hnh 3.9. S ni dy bo v khong cch trong th nghim B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
41
2.4.3. Tnh ton cc thng s ci t a. S c pha-pha Ci t tng tr khi ng
Hnh 3.10. S li in. Xt hai phn ca ng dy 6 vi chiu di 100 km. Tng tr ca ng dy bng 4,8 . Gc ng dy bng 80 o . Tng tr khi ng ca vng 1 (l tng tr pha s cp): o 1 Z (80%.4, 8 ) 3, 84 80
Rle s tnh ton gi tr tng tr pha th cp bng cch nhn gi tr tng tr s cp vi t l (CT/VT). T s bin i CT ca my bin dng bng 10/1. T s bin i VT ca my bin in p bng 220V/110V. V vy, t l CT/VT=5. C th s dng gi tr pha s cp hoc th cp ci t cho rle. Nu s dng gi tr pha s cp th rle s t tnh ton gi tr pha th cp t cc t s CT v VT. y ta s s dng gi tr pha s cp ci t cho rle. Tng tr khi ng ca vng 2 l: o 2 Z (150%.4, 8 ) 7, 20 80 Tng tr khi ng ca vng 3 l: o 3 Z (220%.4, 8 ) 10, 56 80 Tnh ton ngng in tr Tt c cc b phn tc ng ca bo v khong cch u phi trnh hin tng mang ti qu nng. Khi gi tr dng ti ln nht pha th cp ca CT bng 1 A, tng tr ti nh nht i vi rle s l: n n V (ph n) / I
Thng thng cc vng i vi s c pha-pha phi trnh tng tr ti nh nht vi d tr 40%. Cc vng i vi s c chm t s c d tr 20%. iu ny dn n ngng in tr ln nht l 38 v 50,8 . Nhng n lin quan n phn ci t na, nn khng b c. Nu c ci t pha s cp, cc gi tr trn c chia theo t l CT/VT=5. Do , gi tr in tr GTX Line 4 0.1 pu 0.1 pu 0.1 pu 0.1 pu 0.1 pu TP6 TP7 TP8 TP9 Line 6 Grid Supply G S35 Relay P442 B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
42 s cp ln nht c yu cu l 7,6 v 10,16 . Gi tr nh nht tu thuc vo in tr h quang. V vy, gi tr in tr c la chn nh bng di y: Nh nht Ln nht Vng 1 Vng 2 Vng 3 R ph 0 7,6 R 1Ph =3 R 2Ph =5 R 3Ph =7 R G 0 10,2 R 1G =1 R 2G =2 R 3G =3 Bng 3.1. Trong : R Ph l in tr tng ng vi s c pha-pha. R G l in tr tng ng vi s c chm t. b. S c chm t Nh trnh by phn trn, i vi cc s c chm t cn thc hin vic b d. H s b d bng: K 1 KZO 3 , vi o 1 Z K Z
Khi Z o =Z 1 th K ZO =0. Tuy nhin trong thc t, i vi cc ng dy trn khng, K thng thng bng 2,5. c th thc hin m phng iu ny trn b PSS, chng ta mc thm vo mt tng tr ph, Z E , vo mch gia im s c v t. Z E c th xc nh theo cch di y: Ta c: Z o =K.Z 1 =(K-1)Z 1 +Z 1
V vy tng tr cn thm vo l: (K-1)Z 1 . Do I o chy qua Z 1 cn 3I o chy qua Z E nn (K- 1)Z 1 =3Z E . Suy ra: E 1 K 1 Z .Z 3
T biu thc trn, nu K=2,5 th Z E =Z 1 /2. V vy, vi ng dy c ang xt c Z 1 =0,2 pu th Z E =0,1 pu. Thc hin iu ny trn b m phng bng cch chn ng dy 1 (Line 1) vo gia im s c v im t ti TP17. Ch rng i vi s c mt pha chm t, ch mt pha ca ng dy 1 c ni ti t. thc hin ci t b d, cn phi a vo Menu ca rle h s: K ZO =0,50 (gc 0 ) (K=2,5). c. Kho khi c dao ng cng sut Phng php chung xc nh hin tng dao ng cng sut l o thi gian tn ti bin thin ca tng tr m rle o c thng qua R v X. V d nh khi thi gian ny vt qu 5ms th rle s kha chc nng bo v khong cch tm thi. Thng thng th R v X c ly bng 10 30 % R3ph. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
43
Hnh 3.11. c tnh pht hin dao ng cng sut. 2.4.4. Ci t
Configuration Active Setting Group 1 Setting Group 1 Enable Disable 2, 3 v 4 Power swing Enable Setting values Primary Cc h s CT v VT Main VT Primary 220 V Main VT Secondary 110 V Phase CT Primary 10,0 A Phase CT Secondary 1,0 A C/S Input A B Main Vt Location line
B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
44 Group 1 Distance Group 1 Line Setting Line length 100,0 km Line Impedance 4,800 Line Angle 80,00 deg Group 1 Zone Setting Zone Status 01010 kZ1 Res Comp 0,5 kZ1 Angle 0 deg Z1 3,840 Ohm R1G 1,0 Ohm R1ph 3,0 Ohm tZ1 0,060 s kZ2 Res Comp 0,5 kZ2 Angle 0 deg Z2 7,200 Ohm R2G 2,0 Ohm R2ph 5,0 Ohm tZ2 0,20 s kZ3/4 Res Comp 0,5 kZ3/4 Angle 0 deg Z3 10,56 Ohm R3G R4G 3,0 Ohm R3ph P4ph 7,0 Ohm tZ3 0,4 s
2.4.5. Trnh t th nghim 1. To s c TP6 2. Xc nh v tr ca im s c (khong 50 km) 3. To cc s c 3 pha TP7 v TP8. Rle s tc ng vng 2 vi s c TP7, vng 2/vng 3 vi s c TP8 v vng 3 vi s c TP9 nhng khng th tc ng ti S35 v n nm ngoi vng vi. B mn H thng in Phng th nghim m phng H thng in C1 116
45 4. Vi s c chm t TP7, rle s xc nh v tr im s c c khong 100km trn ng dy 6. III. YU CU BO CO TH NGHIM Bo co phi bao gm nhng ni dung chnh sau: 1. Mc ch th nghim 2. Tnh ton cc thng s ci t cho bo v khong cch trong bi th nghim 3. Nhn xt v hot ng ca cc bo v