Hong Nam Ninh

THPT L Thng Kit

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GII CHI TIT THI I HC

MN HA HC KHI A NM 2013 (M: 193)

Di y ti trnh by cch gii 1 s bi ton trong thi i hc khi A 2013 theo

nhiu cch khc nhau (mt s bi ti ch gii 1 cch ti u nht). Cc bn c th tham
kho cch lm ph hp vi mnh nht. Nhng theo ti nn xem k cc cc ngn gn, cc
nhn xt ng ch tit kim ti a thi gian lm bi. Chc cc bn thnh cng!
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm 3,92 gam Fe, 16 gam Fe2O3 v m gam Al. Nung X nhit cao trong iu
kin khng c khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt
tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c 4a mol kh H2. Phn hai phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH d, thu c a mol kh H2. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,51.
B. 4,05.
C. 5,40.
D. 7,02.
Gii: nFe = 0,07; nFe2O3 = 0,1
Cch 1: Theo phn 1 nhn thy Al d sau phn ng nhit nhm
Phng trnh: Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe
0,1 0,2
0,2+0,07 = 0,27
ADLBT e:
- Phn 2: 3nAl d = 2nH2 nAl d=2a/3;
- Phn 1: 3nAl d +2nFe=2nH2 2a+2.0,27:2 = 8a a= 0,045
nAl = 0,2 + 2.2a/3 = 0,26 m = 7,02
Cch 2: Sau phn ng nhit phn: Al d (theo phn 2) v nFe = 0,07 + 0,2 = 0,27 mol (theo BTNT Fe)
- Theo phn 2: nAl d = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3. 2. a = 4a/3 mol
- Theo phn 1: nH2 = 3/2 nAl d + nFe 2.4a = 3/2. 4a/3 + 0,27 a = 0,045 nAl d = 0,06
M nAl p = 2nFe2O3 = 0,2 nAl ban u = 0,26 m = 7,02
Cch 3: Nhn thy mAl ban u > mAl phn ng = 0,2.27 = 5,4 Ch c th l p n D
Nhn xt: Da vo s h ca bi ton ta gii quyt bi ton cc nhanh bng cch 3 khng y 30s c
kt qu ng.
Cu 6: Oxi ha hon ton 3,1 gam photpho trong kh oxi d. Cho ton b sn phm vo 200 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong X l
A. 16,4 gam.
B. 14,2 gam.
C. 12,0 gam.
D. 11,1 gam.
Gii:
Cch 1: nP = 0,1; nNaOH = 0,2
Phng trnh phn ng:
4P + 5O2 2P2O5; P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4;
2NaOH + H3PO4 Na2HPO4 + 2H2O
Lng cht phn ng cui va m = 142. 0,1 = 14,2
Cch 2: nH3PO4 = nP = 0,1 mol

n OHn H 3PO4

= 2 mui thu c l Na2HPO4 m = 142. 0,1 = 14,2

Cu 7: Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl (hiu sut 100%, in
cc tr, mng ngn xp), n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn,
thu c dung dch X v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 20,4 gam Al2O3 .
Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,6.
B. 51,1.
C. 50,4.
D. 23,5.
Gii: n kh anot = 0,3 mol; nAl2O3 = 0,2 mol
Phn ng in phn: CuSO4 + 2NaCl Cu + Cl2 + Na2SO4 (1)
- TH1: CuSO4 d sau phn ng (1)
CuSO4 + H2O Cu + O2 + H2SO4 (2) Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (3)
Theo (2) v (3) nO2 = 3/2 nAl2O3 = 0,3 mol n kh anot = nO2 + nCl2 > 0,3 mol loi
- TH2: NaCl d sau phn ng (1)
NaCl + H2O NaOH + Cl2 + H2 (4) Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
(5)

Theo (4) v (5): nCl2 (4) = 0,2 mol nCl2 (1) = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 nCuSO4 = 0,1;
nNaCl = nNaCl (1) + nNaCl (4) = 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,6 m = 160. 0,1 + 58,5. 0,6 = 51,1 gam
Cu 11: Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M, thu c dung dch cha 5 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. NH2C3H6COOH.
B. NH2C3H5(COOH)2.
C. (NH2)2C4H7COOH.
D. NH2C2H4COOH.
Gii: nX = 0,04 mol, nNaOH = 0,04 mol X c 1 nhm COOH loi B
- Cch 1: M mui = 5/0,04 = R + 16a + 67 R + 16a = 58 tha mn vi a =1, R=42 A
- Cch 2: M X = 5:0,04 22 = 103 p n A (22 l do 1H 1Na)
- Cch 3: Nhn thy:
B c 2 nhm COOH khc nht loi
C c 2 nhm NH2 khc nht loi
A v B l 2 p n c th ng (do cung 3C), m loi B chn A

Cu 13: Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C2H2; 0,65 mol H2 v mt t bt Ni. Nung nng bnh mt
thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 bng 8. Sc X vo lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 n phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y v 24 gam kt ta. Hn hp kh Y phn
ng va vi bao nhiu mol Br2 trong dung dch?
A. 0,20 mol.
B. 0,10 mol.
C. 0,25 mol.
D. 0,15 mol.
Gii: C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6; C2H2 + H2 C2H4;
C2H2 + AgNO3/NH3 C2Ag2
nC2H2 d = nAg2C2 = 0,1 nC2H2 phn ng = 0,35 0,1 = 0,25.
t nC2H2 phn ng vi H2 l x v y x + y =0,25;
Theo BTKL mhh ban u = mX = 10,4 nX = 0,65
-Cch 1 m nX= nC2H2 d+ nH2 d + nC2H4 + nC2H6
0,65 = 0,1 + 0,65 y 2x + y + x x= 0,1 y = 0,15 nBr2 phn ng vi Y = nC2H4 = 0,15
-Cch 2: nH2 phn ng = nhh kh trc nhh kh sau = 0,65 + 0,35 0,65 = 0,35 x + 2y = 0,35
x = 0,1; y = 0,15
Cch 3: D c nC2H2 p=0,25 mol v nH2 p = 0,35 mol
ADL bo ton lin kt pi nH2 p + nBr2 p = 2nC2H2 p nBr2 = 0,15
Cu 15: Cho 1,37 gam Ba vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,01M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 2,33 gam.
B. 0,98 gam.
C. 3,31 gam.
D. 1,71 gam.
Gii:
Cch 1: nBa = nCuSO4 =0,01; Ba + H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2 ; Ba(OH)2 +CuSO4 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2
m kt ta = mBaSO4 + mCuSO4 = 3,31 gam
Cch 2: do bi ton chc chn c 2 kt ta nn m>mBaSO4= 233.0,01 = 2,33 p n C
Cu 16: Hn hp X gm Ba v Al. Cho m gam X vo nc d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, ha tan hon ton m gam X bng dung dch NaOH,
thu c 15,68 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,4.
B. 29,9.
C. 24,5.
D. 19,1.
Gii: Gi nBa = x , nAl = y
Cch 1:
- TN1: trong nc: Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2; 2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2
- TN2: trong NaOH: Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2; 2Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3H2
Kh H2 TN2 > TN1 TN1 Al cha phn ng ht x + 3x = 0,4 x = 0,1 v TN2 nH2 = 0,7 = x +
3/2 y y = 0,4 mX = 24,5 gam
Cch 2: Nhn thy Kh H2 TN2 > TN1 TN1 Al cha phn ng ht TN1: dd ch l Ba(AlO2)2
nAl p = 2nBa=2x ADLBT e: 2nBa + 3nAl = 2nH2 2x+3.2x=2.0,4 a=0,1
TN2 c Al v Ba ht ADLBT e: 2.0,1 + 3y=2. 0,7 y = 0,4 m= 24,5
Cu 19: Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit no v hai axit
khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M,
thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X, hp th ton b sn phm chy

bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam. Tng khi lng ca hai axit
cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l
A. 15,36 gam.
B. 9,96 gam.
C. 12,06 gam.
D. 18,96 gam.
Gii: gi axit no A l CnH2nO (vi n>0); 2 axit khng no B: Cn H 2 n 2O2 (vi n >3)
- X + 0,3 mol NaOH 25,56 g mui + (0,3 mol) H2O mX = 18,96 gam
- X + O2 CO2 + H2O, bnh NaOH tng ln l mCO2 + mH2O mCO2 + mH2O = 40,08
Theo BTKL mO2 = 21,12 g nO2 = 0,66 mol
t nCO2 = x, nH2O = y 44x + 18y = 40,08 v 2x + y = 2.0,66 + 2. 0,3 (nX=nNaOH; BTNT O)
x=0,69; y=0,54 nB = 0,69-0,54 = 0,15 nA = 0,3 0,15 = 0,15 s nguyn t C TB ca X =
(n+ n )/2; m s nguyn t C TB ca X = nCO2/nX = 2,3 n+ n = 4,6 n=1, n =3,6
mB = (14 n +30).0,15 = 12,06 g
Cu 23: Cho hn hp X gm 0,01 mol Al v a mol Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c m gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z cha 3 cation kim loi. Cho Z phn ng vi dung
dch NaOH d trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c 1,97 gam kt ta T. Nung T trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 1,6 gam cht rn ch cha mt cht duy nht. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 6,48.
B. 3,24.
C. 8,64.
D. 9,72.
Gii:
Cch 1: Cc ion trong Z c th l Al3+; Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+, m sau khi nung T c 1 cht rn duy nht
cht rn ch c th l Fe2O3 nFe2O3 = 0,01 BTNT Fe nFe = 0,02.
Mt khc trong Z lun phi c Al3+ 2 ion cn li trong Z l: Fe2+, Fe3+ T gm Fe(OH)2: x mol
v Fe(OH)3: y mol x + y = 0,02 v 90x + 107y = 1,97 x=y=0,01
ADLBT e: nAg = 3nAl +2n Fe2+ + 3nFe3+ = 0,08 mAg = 8,64 g
Cch 2: Da vo quy tc
Th t to mui
Al3+
Al

Fe2+
Fe

Fe3+
Fe

Ag+
Ag

Th t to kim loi
D thy 3 ion kim loi l Al3+; Fe2+;Fe3+ kt ta l Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3 cht rn l Fe2O3
Sau gii quyt nh trn
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton m gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 5,376 lt (ktc) hn hp
kh X gm N2, N2O v dung dch cha 8m gam mui. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 18. Gi tr ca m l
A. 21,60.
B. 18,90.
C. 17,28.
D. 19,44.
Gii: nX = 0,24; MX = 36 = (28+44)/2 nN2 = nN2O = 0,12
- Nu mui l Al(NO3)3 mAl(NO3)3 = 213.m/27 <8m mui cn c NH4NO3 mNH4NO3
= 8m 213m/27 = m/9
- ADLBT e: 3. m/27 = 10.0,12 + 8.0,12 + 8. m/9 m = 21,6

Cu 30: Cho X l hexapeptit AlaGlyAlaValGlyVal v Y l tetrapeptit GlyAlaGlyGlu.

Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino axit, trong c 30 gam glyxin
v 28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 73,4.
B. 77,6.
C. 83,2.
D. 87,4.
Gii: t nX = x, nY = y sau thy phn: 2x + 2y = 30/75 v 2x + y = 28,48/89 x=0,12; y=0,08
m=mX +mY = 0,12. 472 + 0,08. 332 = 83,2 g
Nh M ca Gly=75; Ala=89, Val=117, Glu=147 v nh M n-peptit = Maminoaxit (n-1).18
Cu 31: Cho 0,1 mol tristearin ((C17H35COO)3C3H5) tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d,
un nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l
A. 27,6.
B. 4,6.
C. 14,4.
D. 9,2.

Gii: m glixerol = 92. 0,1 = 9,2 g

Cu 34: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na2O v BaO. Ha tan hon ton 21,9 gam X vo nc, thu c
1,12 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, trong c 20,52 gam Ba(OH)2. Hp th hon ton 6,72 lt kh
CO2 (ktc) vo Y, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,76.
B. 39,40.
C. 21,92.
D. 23,64.
Gii:
Cch 1: t s mol ca Na, Ba, Na2O, BaO ln lt l a, b, c, d 23a+137b+62c+153d= 21,9 (1)
Phn ng: Na + H2O NaOH + H2;
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2;
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH;
BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2
Ta c: nH2 = 0,05 = a/2 + b 2a +b = 0,1 (2) ; nBa(OH)2 = b + d = 0,12 (3); nOH-=a+2b+2c+2d (4)
Nhn cc PT (1), (2), (3) ln lt vi x,y,z ri ng nht vi (4) ta c x = 1/31; z=-91/31,x=8/31
nOH-= 21,9.1/31 0,12. 91/31 + 0,1 . 8/31 = 0,38
Xt phng trnh: OH CO2
HCO3 CO32 , t nHCO3- =u, nCO3-=v u+v=0,3 v
u+2v=0,38 (theo BTT) u=0,22; v=0,08 m=15,76
Cch 2: Coi hn hp X gm Na, Ba v O
Ta c s phn ng: X{Na,Ba,O} + H2O Na+, Ba2+ (0,12mol), OH-, H2 (0,05 mol)
nBa=0,12 mol, gi nNa=x, nO=y 23x+16y=21,9-0,12.137=5,46; theo BT e:x+2.0,12=2y+2.0,05
X=y=0,14; theo BTT: nOH-=nNa+ + nBa2+ = 0,14 + 0,24 = 0,38
(lu : 1

nOH
nCO2

2 th nCO 2 nOH nCO2 ) nCO32- = 0,38 0,3 = 0,08 m=15,76

3

Cu 35: Ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi X bng dung dch HCl, thu c
1,064 lt kh H2. Mt khc, ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dung dch HNO3 long (d),
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh u o iu kin tiu
chun. Kim loi X l
A. Zn.
B. Cr.
C. Al.
D. Mg.
Gii: gi nFe = x, mX = y, ha tr ca X l n
ADLBT e: 2x + ny = 0,0475. 2 v 3x + ny = 0,04. 3 x = 0,025; ny = 0,045 mFe=1,4
mX=0,405 MX = 0,405:(0,045/n)= 9n X l Al

Cu 37: Ln men m gam glucoz to thnh ancol etylic (hiu sut phn ng bng 90%). Hp th
hon ton lng kh CO2 sinh ra vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,5.
B. 15,0.
C. 18,5.
D. 45,0.
Gii:
Cch 1: Da vo PTPU
Cch 2: Gii nhanh: m glucozo = 180. 0,15: 2: 90% = 15 g
Cu 38: Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H2SO4 v HNO3, thu c dung dch X v
1,12 lt kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H2SO4 d vo bnh thu c 0,448 lt kh NO v dung dch Y.
Bit trong c hai trng hp NO l sn phm kh duy nht, o iu kin tiu chun. Dung dch Y
ha tan va ht 2,08 gam Cu (khng to thnh sn phm kh ca N+5). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,40.
B. 4,06.
C. 3,92.
D. 4,20.
Gii:
Cch 1: Sau khi cho H2SO4 d ta c: nNO = (1,12+0,448)/22,4 = 0,07 mol
Phn ng: Fe + 4H+ + NO3- Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O (1);
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ +2Fe2+ (2)
3+
Theo phn ng nCu = nFe = nNO = 0,035 mol; m nCu = 2,08/64=0,0325< ,035 nFe3+ (2)
=0,065 xy ra p: Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ (3) nFe3+ (3)=0,07-0,065=0,005
nFe=nFe(1)+nFe(3)=0,0725 m=4,06
Cch 2: D thy sau cc phn ng Fe chuyn ht thnh Fe2+; N5+ thnh N2+ v Cu thnh Cu2+
ADLBT e c: 2nFe + 2nCu = 3nNO nFe = 0,0725 mFe = 4,06

Cu 39: Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O, cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam X vo 360 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,5M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch Y.
C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9 gam X cn va 7,84 lt
O2 (ktc), thu c 15,4 gam CO2. Bit X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,2.
B. 11,1.
C. 12,3.
D. 11,4.
Gii: gi nNaOH p = x nNaOH d=20%x=0,2x x+0,2x=0,18 x=0,15
- t 6,9g X : nO2=0,35; nCO2=0,35 mH2O=2,7nH2O=0,15 nC=0,35; nH=0,3 mO trong X =
6,9-12.0,35-0,3=2,4 nO trong X = 0,15 C:H:O =0,35:0,3:0,15=7:6:3 CTPT ca X l C7H6O3
nX =0,05 X p vi NaOH theo t l 1: 3, m =5 c 1 lk khng thuc vng benzen X ch
c th l HCOO-C6 H4-OH
Phn ng: HCOO-C6H4-OH + 3NaOH HCOONa + NaO-C6H4-ONa + 2H2O nH2O = 0,05.2=0,1
Cch 1: Tnh m da vo kl ca cc cht HCOONa; NaO-C6H4-Ona v NaOH d
Cch 2: Theo BTKL: m= 6,9+0,18.40-0,1.18= 12,3 gam
Cu 40: Bit X l axit cacboxylic n chc, Y l ancol no, c hai cht u mch h, c cng s
nguyn t cacbon. t chy hon ton 0,4 mol hn hp gm X v Y (trong s mol ca X ln hn
s mol ca Y) cn va 30,24 lt kh O2, thu c 26,88 lt kh CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Bit th tch
cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Khi lng ca Y trong 0,4 mol hn hp trn l
A. 11,4 gam.
B. 19,0 gam.
C. 9,0 gam.
D. 17,7 gam.
Gii:X CnHmO2:x mol;Y: CnH2n+2Oa: y mol (x>y); nO2=1,35;nCO2=1,2; nH2O=1,1;nNaOH=0,4
n=1,2/0,4 = 3; H =2.1,1/0,4 = 5,5 m<5,5 (v H ca ancol = 8) m=2 hoc 4
Ta c: x+y =0,4; theo BTNT H ta c: 2x+8y=2.1,1 hoc 4x+8y=2.1,1 x=0,25; y = 0,15 tha mn
Theo BTNT O: 2.0,25 + 0,15a +1,35.2 = 1,2.2 +1,1 a=2 mY =11,4
Cu 41: Hn hp X gm H2, C2H4 v C3 H6 c t khi so vi H2 l 9,25. Cho 22,4 lt X (ktc) vo
bnh kn c sn mt t bt Ni. un nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H2
bng 10. Tng s mol H2 phn ng l
A. 0,070 mol.
B. 0,050 mol.
C. 0,015 mol.
D. 0,075 mol.
Gii: nX=1 mX= 9,25.2.1= 18,5 BTKL: mY=mX=18,5 nY=0,925 nH2 p=1-0,925=0,075.
Cu 45: Cho X v Y l hai axit cacboxylic mch h, c cng s nguyn t cacbon, trong X n
chc, Y hai chc. Chia hn hp gm X v Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc dng ht vi Na,
thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Phn
trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp l
A. 42,86 %.
B. 57,14%.
C. 85,71%.
D. 28,57%.
Gii: gi X l CnHmO2: 2x mol, Y l CnHpO4: 2y mol
Phn 1: x/2 + y = 0,2 x + 2y = 0,4
Phn 2: n(x+y) = 0,6
- Nu x = 0 y=0,2 n=3
- Nu y=0 x=0,4 n = 1,5
1,5<n<3 n=2 X: CH3COOH, Y: (COOH)2 v c: x+y=0,3 x=0,2, y=0,1 %mY= 42,86%
Cu 46: Cho 25,5 gam hn hp X gm CuO v Al2O3 tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long,
thu c dung dch cha 57,9 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca Al2O3 trong X l
A. 60%.
B. 40%.
C. 80%.
D. 20%.
Gii: 80x + 102y=25,5 v 160x+342y=57,9 x=0,255; y = 0,05 %mAl2O3 = 20%
Cu 48: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 0,07 mol mt ancol a chc v 0,03 mol mt ancol
khng no, c mt lin kt i, mch h, thu c 0,23 mol kh CO2 v m gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,70.
B. 2,34.
C. 8,40.
D. 5,40.
Gii: C = 0,23:(0,07+0,03) = 2,3, m ancol khng no c 1 lk i phi c s C>3 Ancol a chc c s
C<2,3 ancol a chc l C2H6O2 nH2O-nCO2 = n ancol no nH2O = 0,23+0,07=0,3 m=5,4
Cu 51: Cho 12 gam hp kim ca bc vo dung dch HNO3 long (d), un nng n phn ng hon
ton, thu c dung dch c 8,5 gam AgNO3. Phn trm khi lng ca bc trong mu hp kim l

A. 45%.
B. 55%.
C. 30%.
Gii: nAg=nAgNO3=0,05 %mAg trong hp kim = 0,05.108/12=45%

D. 65%.

Cu 54: Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc dng va vi

dung dch cha 0,6 mol AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng, thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH2=C=CHCHO.
B. CH3C CCHO.
C. CH CCH2CHO.

D. CH C[CH2]2CHO.

Gii:
Cch 1: nAgNO3 = 1,5nAg X la hp cht c 1 nhm CHO v 1 ni 3 u mch gi X c dng:
CH CRCHO R + 54 = 13,6: 0,2 R = 14 R l nhm CH2 (v nX = nAg = . 0,4=0,2)
Cch 2: A,B,C c 4C; D c 5C loi D, m X c 1 lk 3 chn C
Cu 56: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic, ancol etylic v glixerol. t chy hon ton m gam X, thu
c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 18 gam H2O. Mt khc, 80 gam X ha tan c ti a 29,4 gam
Cu(OH)2. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol etylic trong X l
A. 23%.
B. 16%.
C. 8%.
D. 46%.
Gii: - Vi m gam X: gi s mol CH3OH=x, C2H5OH=y, C3H5(OH)3 = z
Theo BTNT C v H ta c: x+2y+3z= 0,7 (1) v 4x+6y+8z= 2 (2)
- Vi 80 g X th s mol cc cht ln lt l: kx, ky, kz (vi k l h s t l) (32x+46y+92z)k=80 (3)
Phn ng: 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 (C3H7O3)2Cu + 2H2O kz=2.29,4/98= 0,6 (4)
T (3) v (4) c:

32x 46y 92z 80 400

96x 138y - 124z 0 (5)

z
0 ,6
3

T (1), (2) v (5): x=0,05; y=0,1; z=0,15 %mC2H5OH= 23%

Cu 59: Peptit X b thy phn theo phng trnh phn ng X + 2H2O 2Y + Z (trong Y v Z l cc
amino axit). Thy phn hon ton 4,06 gam X thu c m gam Z. t chy hon ton m gam Z cn va
1,68 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 2,64 gam CO2; 1,26 gam H2O v 224 ml kh N2 (ktc). Bit Z c
cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Tn gi ca Y l
A. lysin.
B. axit glutamic.
C. glyxin.
D. alanin.
Gii: nCO2=0,06; nH2O=0,07; nN2=0,01, ADLBTKL: mZ=1,78 g mO=0,64 nO=0,04
C:H:N:O= 0,06:0,14:0,02:0,04=3:7:1:2 Z l C3H7NO2 nZ = 0,02 mol
Theo PT nH2O=0,04; nY=0,04; Theo BTKL mY=3 g MY= 3/0,04 = 75 Y l glyxin