1) Macedonian Present Perfect Tense is only used in : subordinate context, and after ako, da, }e, koga }e,

dokolku ( the diference is in the aspect). ) !n the DA-klauza bet"een DA and the #erb only the follo"ing ele$ents can be inserted: (part of the #erb) NE, SE, SI, MI, BI. %) The DA-klauza "ith a #erb in the past tense expresses: unreal condition. &) 'hen the perfect infiniti#e is used after $odal #erbs in Macedonian is translated "ith: SAKA[E+DA+(SE)+GLAGOL, MORA+DA+ (SE)+GLAGOL, MO@E[E+DA+(SE)+GLAGOL TREBA[E+DA+(SE) +GLAGOL, MO@EBI+SUM+L-PARTICIP. () The #erbal ad)ecti#e is used for the for$ation of: ima/n ma !"n#$%&!'i(a + -n"/$" )a%$i'i)* #&m-)a##i+ . *** +) !n Macedonian the #erb of the acti#e sentence cannot be passi#i,ed "hen: there is indirect ob)ect in the sentence ( only the direct ob)ect in an acti#e sentence in Macedonian can beco$e the sub)ect in a passi#e sentence). -) Prepositions in .nglish and Macedonian are placed: in front of a "ord or "ords functioning as their ob)ects. /) 0ist the $ost fre1uent Macedonian e1ui#alents of The 2uture Perfect tense: IDNO ,REME, IMA/NEMA+ -NO/-TO PARTICIP (GLAGOLSKA PRIDA,KA ,O -TO LICE EDNINA SREDEN ROD). 3) 'hen the 2uture Perfect4in4the4past Tense is used in subordinate clauses, its Macedonian e1ui#alents are: .E+SUM+L-PARTICIP, . E+IMPER/EKT (MINATO-IDNO ,REME), .E+IMAL/NEMAL+ -NO/TO PARTICIP (-TO LICE EDNINA SREDEN ROD), IDNO ,REME. 15) !n Macedonian the #erb has the follo"ing tense for$s: present, past, future. *** 11) 0ist the distincti#e features of .nglish $odal #erbs: in the present si$ple tense they do not take 6s for the third person singular7 they for$ 1uestions "ith in#ersion7 they for$ negati#e state$ents "ith 89T (the #erb for$s do:does:did are not re1ired)7 "ith the exception of 9;<=T T9 they are al"ays follo"ed by the plain infiniti#e7 they do not ha#e infiniti#es, present participles and gerunds.

1 ) 9rdinal nu$bers in Macedonian are used for: dates and the lo"er part of the fraction. 1%) >ardinal nu$bers in .nglish are used for: referring to ti$e and age and the upper part of the fraction. 1&) !n ?uestion Tags the Tag contains: an auxiliary @ sub)ect (al"ays a pronoun ). 1() The past sub)uncti#e is used after: if only, as if, as though, it is high ti$e, "ould rather, "ould sooner, ! "ish. 1+)0ist the Macedonian translation e1ui#alents of the .nglish past sub)uncti#e: 0a+12a1"2+im n!a, n !a+3i0 /12a1"2* (!"1a+)m"4 n na5in. 1-) Macedonian e1ui#alents of the present perfect progressi#e tense: # 1a6n" +% m , mina$" ( ")% 0 2 n"/n ")% 0 2 n" ) n #+%6 n" +% m . 1/) Aerbal for$s for expressing future ti$e in .nglish: present si$ple, present progressi#e, present perfect, future si$ple, future progressi#e, future perfect, be going to @ infiniti#e. 13) Aerbal for$s for expressing future ti$e in Macedonian: i0n", # 1a6n", ima/n ma + 0a + 12a1"2* ima/n ma + -n"/-$" )a%$i'i). 5) Macedonian e1ui#alents of 2uture Perfect4in the4past: 7 +im) %8 !$ (mina$"-i0n" ). 1) Types of 1uestions in .nglish: Bes:8o7 Tag ?uestions7 'h41uestions. ) Aerbal for$s for expressing future perfect4in4the4past in .nglish: "ould:should @ perf. !nf of the $ain #erb. %) Aerbal for$s for expressing future perfect4in4the4past in Macedonian: 7 + im) %8 !$. &) !n fractions the upper nu$ber is: cardinal, "hile the lo"er is: an ordinal nu$ber. () The $ost fre1uent Macedonian e1ui#alent to !T4passi#e is the construction: # + 12a1"2 + 0 !a-!2a&9a.

+) '= fronting is a transfor$ation that: transposes the 'h4"ord to sentence initial position. -) !n Macedonian the "ord order is gra$$atically fixed "hen: the sub)ect and the ob)ect are of the sa$e gender and nu$ber. /) 8a$e at least three stylistic transfor$ations "hich are used for rearrange$ent of the "ord order in .nglish: passi#isation7 "h4fronting7 C4A in#ersion. 3) The Present Perfect is selected as a translation e1ui#alent of Macedonian Present Tense "hen it expresses: an action that has started in the past and lasts up to the $o$ent of speaking. %5) !n indirect speech i$perati#es are nor$ally replaced "ith: to4inf. !n .nglish, and "ith da-klauza in Macedonian. %1) .ach Macedonian i$personal sentence in .nglish is translated "ith a sentence that contains: DitE as a for$al sub)ect. % ) 'hich Macedonian negation does not ha#e a for$al correspondent in .nglishF 6Nema. %%) !n Macedonian the #erb agrees "ith the sub)ect in gender "hen: it is used in mina$" n ")% 0 2 n" +% m , and has the 2-8"%ma. %&) Gccording to the 2unctional Centence Perspecti#e, a text sentence $ust be: a)infor$ati#e, and b) rele#ant. %() !n Macedonian future ti$e in te$poral clauses is expressed "ith the 2uture Tense after the con)unctions: !"1a, 6$"m, and "ith the Present Tense after the con)unctions: 0"0 !a, 0&%i 0a/n , )% 0 0a. %+) The se4passi#e is agentless because: the sub)ect is unkno"n or "e "ish to present it as such. %-) 'hich Macedonian nu$bers ha#e gender for$s: ordinal nu$bers. %/) !n .nglish, deci$al fractions are separated "ith a point, "hereas in Macedonian "ith a co$$a.

%3) !n .nglish the nu$ber 5 has se#eral na$es: nil, ,ero, lo#e, nought, 5. &5) !n Macedonian the i$perati#e for the 1st and nd person is for$ed: neka/da + glagol, "hereas in .nglish "ith: let @ ob)ecti#e for$ of the personal pronoun @ bare infiniti#e. &1) !ndirect 1uestions re$ain unchanged in: Macedonian. & ) !n Macedonian only the direct ob)ect can be $ade sub)ect of a passi#e #erb. &%) !n Macedonian the sub)ect can be o$itted, and often is, because: the #erb inflections denote the person, nu$ber and gender, because of the free "ord order, and the short prono$inal for$s. &&) !n .nglish the sub)ect cannot be o$itted fro$ the $ain clause because: the syntactic function is gi#en by the position of the sub)ect, the sub)ect is the only $arker of the doer of the action. &() 0ist at least % distinct types of i$personal sentences in Macedonian: a) "eather condition: ,%n . b) Hudg$ent or conclusion: T 6!" . c) Ctate of $ind: S$%a+ mi . &+) Macedonian Present Tense in .nglish is translated "ith present si$ple "hen: it expresses habitual actions, general truths, characteristic features of the sub)ect, for $ore #i#id description of past e#ents, in certain excla$atory expressions. &-) The da-klauza is the $ost fre1uent e1ui#alent of the gerund. =o"e#er, "e select a #erbal noun "hen the gerund actions as: prohibition, public signs. &/) !n .nglish in ti$e clauses, instead of future perfect: present perfect is used. !ts Macedonian e1ui#alent for$ usually is: 6$"m + 12a1"2 +" # 1.+% m i2i 6$"m + 7 + 12a1"2 +" # 1.+% m . &3) Most fre1uent translation e1ui#alents to sub)uncti#e in Macedonian are: 0a + 12a1"2 + im n!a* n !a + 3i0 /12a1"2* (!"1a + ) m"4 n na5in. (5) 2or$ation of se4passi#es: $ultifunctional enclitic SE @ #erb ( in the appropriate tense ).

(1) 2or$ation of su$4passi#es: sum ( in the appropriate tense) @ #erbal ad)ecti#e (-n/-t particip ) ( ) 'hen the transiti#e acti#e sentence contains t"o ob)ects in .nglish "e can generate passi#e sentences, "hile in Macedonian "e can generate 1. (%) 'hen there is $ore than one ad#erb in the sa$e sentence, the preferred order in .nglish is: $anner @ place @ ti$e, "hile in Macedonian: there is no fixed order. (&) !n Macedonian there is no se1uence of tenses because: the tense of the #erb in the $ain clause does not affect the tense of the #erb in the subordinate clause. (() The translation e1ui#alents to tag41uestions in Macedonian usually contain the 1uestion "ord: n 2i: or 9a% n : (+) The preposition !a!" in .nglish is translated "ith GC "hen it $eans; +" #+"(#$+" na, and "ith 0!I. in: co$parison, and $eaning ( !a!" na )%im % ). (-) The indirect ob)ect in Macedonian is reduplicated "hen: the noun is defined or not and a short prono$inal dati#e enclitic is used, and its .nglish translation e1ui#alent is: ,ero:none. *** (/) The the$e usually corresponds to the: sub)ect, "hile the rhe$e corresponds to the: predicate. (3) The the$e nor$ally con#eys: old infor$ation, "hile the rhe$e con#eys ne" infor$ation. +5) <i#e at least sentences "ith da @ #erb constructions "hich in .nglish do not ha#e to4infiniti#al constructions as translation e1ui#alents: a) Bou $ust co$e ( M"%a 0a 0"(0 6 ) b) Bou could stay ( M"4 0a "#$an 6 ) +1) The should @ ha#e @ 4ed is the $ost likely candidate as translation e1ui#alent to the Macedonian #erbal construction: $% 3a6 + 0a + 12a1"2. + ) The 1uestion for$ da + glagol does not ha#e: for$al e1ui#alent in .nglish. +%) Ne + sum + l-particip or nema + -no/-to particip are the $ost likely candidates as e1ui#alents to the Present Perfect Tense "hen: it is used to

express actions that ha#e started in the past and last up to the $o$ent of speaking. +&) The to4infiniti#e clauses in Macedonian are usually translated "ith 0a + (# ) + 12a1"2. +() Jut the to4infiniti#e $ay ha#e a ,ero translation e1ui#alent in Macedonian "hen: it is used to a#oid repetition and only T9 is used (K>o$e*4 ! donEt "ant to (co$e)L). ++) 'hen the perfect infiniti#e is used un a subordinate clause, its fre1uent e1ui#alent in Macedonian is: a #erb in past tense ( K!E$ #ery pleased to ha#e $et you 6 mi2" mi 6$" $ 9a)"9na+L ). !n fact there is no for$al correspondent to the perfect infiniti#e in Macedonian, only past tense of the #erb.