PRESENT PERFECT TENSE SIMPLE

1. Past actions with present results; (actiuni trecute cu consecinte in prezent); I have learnt the lesson and now I know it. 2. Actions completed recently or which are still incomplete (recently, lately, just, already only in affirmative and interrogative sentences, yet only in negative and interrogative sentences); (actiuni recent incheiate sau care inca nu s au incheiat); !ote" In #uestions we use already if the action is performed earlier than e$pected, and yet when we only want to know if the action has %een performed. &.g." It's only ( o'clock. Have they already arrived) I don't know* Have they arrived yet) 3. - Actions performed in an uncompleted period of time and which can be repeated ; I have met him twice this week. - Actions completed before the present moment, but whose time is not mentioned; Ive had a %usy %ut profita%le day. (up to now, so far, never, often, today, this week+month+year etc) (actiuni desfasurate intr o perioada de timp nedefinita sau neterminata si care se mai pot repeta pana la sfarsitul perioadei); 4. At the beginning of a con ersation !in "uestions#, when we don$t %now the e&act moment of the action (ever, %efore); (la inceputul unei conversatii, in special in intre%ari, cand nu se cunoaste e$act momentul in care a avut loc actiunea); Have you ever cooked (%efore)) (. After comparati e'superlati e constructions and after it's the first time* (dupa constructii comparative+superlative si dupa it's the first time*); ,his is the most interesting %ook I have ever read. It's the first time I have travelled %y plane.

-. (o e&press a future action that occurs before another future action !in time clauses, when in the main clause it$s used the )uture (ense# (as soon as, when, after, %y the time, until); (pt. a e$prima o actiune viitoare care va avea loc inaintea altei actiuni viitoare); Ill phone .ngela as soon as+when+after I have had dinner. Note: )uture (ense *egati e + until + Present Perfect /ou wont o o!t until you have "ini#hed your work0 )uture (ense Affirmati e + %y the time + Present Perfect I will have $een h!n r% %y the time the television programme has "ini#hed0

&ther time phra#e#: 123 4 the period of time; 5I!6& 4 the beginning of the period. I have known him since 7888 + for 9 years.

'""irmative: , + -A./'-A, !3rd pers. sing.#+ .b. 000 !Past Participle# :e ha# #een two films this afternoon.

Interro ative: -A./'-A, + , + .b. 000 1 Ha# he #een two films this afternoon)

Ne ative: , + -A./'-A, + *2( !-A./*$('-A,*$(# + .b. 000 :e ha#nt #een two films this afternoon.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE C&NTIN(&(S

1. Acti ities which began in the past, include the present and may e&tend into the future; (actiuni care au inceput in trecut, continua in prezent si pot continua si in viitor); ,hey have $een pla%in tennis for two hours. 2. 3ecent actions which e&plain present results; (actiuni recente cu rezultate evidente in prezent); ;lease e$cuse my dirty clothes. Ive $een workin in the garden. <. 4onstantly repeated actions (actiuni repetate in mod constant); Ive $een takin 1rench lessons for si$ months.

'""irmative: , + -A./'-A, !3rd pers. sing.# + 5//* + .b.-IN) ,hey have $een pla%in tennis since ( o'clock.

Interro ative: -A./'-A, + , +5//* + .b.-IN) 1 Have they $een pla%in tennis since ( o'clock)

Ne ative: , + -A./'-A, + *2( !-A./*$('-A,*$(# + .b.-IN) ,hey havent $een pla%in tennis since ( o'clock.

P'ST TENSE Action in the past when the time'place of the action is mentioned6 I had a %usy %ut profita%le day yesterday. (o as% for specific information6 *id you meet him yesterday) (he period of time is completed6 I read this %ook last month. 7-ow long ago18 I met her two years ago.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (he time of the past action is not mentioned6 I have had a %usy %ut profita%le day. (o open a con ersation6 Have you met my friend) (he period of time is uncompleted6 I have read two %ooks this month. 7-ow long18 I have known her for two years.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE SIMPLE v#+ PRESENT PERFECT TENSE C&NTIN(&(S

Pre#ent Per"ect Ten#e C&NTIN(&(S refers to a period of time e&tending up to the present moment ,H&- L&N)./ :e ha# $een li#tenin to records for one hour. Pre#ent Per"ect Ten#e SIMPLE refers to the number of things'actions performed within that period of time ,H&- M'N0./ :e ha# li#tened two records.