Simple Past Perfect

This time is used to make sentences in which a sequence of events that happened in the past is
expressed and thus, highlight the one that happened first. In a simple sentence, it is the most past
tense.

I had watched TV all day. I had to get out and go to the job

Past Perfect Continuous

This time is used when speaking of a first action in the past, which begins before another.

I had been watching TV when you called me

Simple past

It is used to mention actions that started and ended at a certain moment.

I watched TV

Past Continuous

This time is used to talk about an action that was in progress in the past.

I was watchin TV

Present perfect

It is used to refer to an action that started in the past and is still in progress.

I have watched TV for more than 5 hours on this day

Present perfect continuous

It is used to talk about an action that has already been completed recently.

I have been watching TV for about a 3 hours

Simple Present - Simple present

This tense is used to make sentences in which the actions do not change or are performed
habitually.

I watch TV

You may be interested in: Simple present: learn to use this verb tense in English

Present continuous

It is used to talk about events that are taking place at the moment and that are repeated
continuously.

I am watching TV
Future continuous

This time is used to refer to temporary actions that will be in progress at some future point in
time.

Tomorrow I will be watching TV

Simple Future (Going To)

It is used to indicate plans or decisions of future events that are closely related to the present

I am going to be watching TV tonight

Perfect future

This time indicates an action that will be completed in the future of which it is spoken.

By the next month, I will have watched TV

Simple future

This time is used to express spontaneous decisions or foresee future action.

I will watch TV later

It is used to mention that an action continues in the future and will be terminated or interrupted
by another event.

I will have been watching TV for two months when the summer ends

Estructuras:

1.1. Simple past

They are actions or states that began and ended in a certain amount of time. It is formed as
follows:

Affirmative: Subject + verb in the past + complement = You closed the door.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary did + not + verb in infinitive + complement = You did not close the
door.

Interrogative: Auxiliary did + Subject + infinitive verb + complement = Did you close the door?

1.2. Past continuous

It is used to declare actions that take place in the past. Its structure is as follows:

Affirmative: Subject + verb to be in the past + verb in gerund + complement = You were playing
football.
Negative: Subject + verb to be in the past + not + gerund verb + complement = You were not
playing football.

Interrogative: Verb to be in the past + Subject + verb in gerund + complement = Were you playing
football?

1.3. Simple past perfect

It is used to express sequences of events in the past and to identify what happened first. It is
formed as follows:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary had + verb in participle + complement = They had done their
homework before they went out.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary had + not + verb in participle + complement = They had not done
their homework before they went out.

Interrogative: Auxiliar had + Subject + verb in participle + complement = Had they done their
homework before they went out?

1.4. Past perfect continuous

This time is useful to define a continuous action in the past that happened before another. This is
its structure:

• Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary had + verb to be in participle (been) + verb in gerund +

complement = You had been playing video games when I asked you to help me.

• Negative: Subject + auxiliary had + not + verb to be in participle (been) + verb in gerund +
complement = you had not been playing video games when I asked you to help me.

• Interrogative: Auxiliary had + subject + verb to be in participle (been) + verb in gerund +

complement = had you been playing video games when I asked you to help me?

2.1. Simple present

This time is used to talk about actions that happen frequently, either daily or with specific
periodicity. It is formed like this:

Affirmative: Subject + verb + complement = I write poems

Negative: Subject + auxiliary do / does + not + verb + complement = I do not write poems

Interrogative: Auxiliary do / does + subject + verb + complement = Do I write poems?

2.2. Present continuous

They are actions or states that happen continuously or that are carried out just at the moment in
which it is spoken.

Affirmative: Subject + verb to be in present tense + gerund verb + complement = she She is eating
cookies.
Negative: Subject + verb to be in present tense + not + gerund verb + complement = she She is not
eating cookies.

Interrogative: Verb to be in present tense + subject + gerund verb + complement = Is she eating
cookies?

2.3. Present perfect

They are actions or states that began at some point in the past and that continue until the
moment in which it is spoken. Its structure is as follows:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary have / has + verb in participle + complement = He has cried all day.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary have / has + not + verb in participle + complement = He has not cried
all day.

Interrogative: Auxiliary have / has + subject + verb in participle + complement = Has he cried all
day?

2.4. Present perfect continuous

This verb tense in English is for actions or states that have developed for a certain time that began
in the past and continues as it is expressed. It is formed with the following structure

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary have / has + been + gerund verb + complement = Your dog has
been playing with her all morning.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary have / has + not + been + gerund verb + complement = Your dog has
not been playing with her all morning.

Interrogative: Auxiliary have + subject + been + gerund verb + complement = Has your dog been
playing with her all morning?

.1. Simple future

With this time, actions or states are expressed that are thought spontaneously and will happen in
the future. It is formed like this:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary will + infinitive verb + complement = I will sleep all weekend.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary will + not + verb in infinitive + complement = I will not sleep all
weekend.

Interrogative: Auxiliary will + Subject + infinitive verb + complement = Will I sleep all weekend?

3.2. Simple future (going to)

With this verb tense, actions or states are declared that will surely be carried out in the future. Its
structure is this:
Affirmative: Subject + verb to be + going to + infinitive verb + complement = she She is going to
swim at the beach.

Negative: Subject + verb to be + not + going to + infinitive verb + complement = she She is not
going to swim at the beach.

Interrogative: Verb to be + subject + going to + verb in infinitive + complement = Is she going to

swim at the beach?

3.3. Future continuous

They are states or actions that will have progress in the future. It is formed like this:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary will be + gerund verb + complement = I will be watching my favorite
series all day tomorrow.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary will + not be + + gerund verb + complement = I will not be watching
my favorite series all day tomorrow.

Interrogative: Auxiliary will + subject + be + gerund verb + complement = Will I be watching my

favorite series all day tomorrow?

3.4. Perfect future

These are states or actions that will be completed at some point in the future. Its structure is this:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary will + have / has + verb in participle + complement = We will have
finished university by next year.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary will + not + have / has + verb in participle + complement = We will not
have finished university by next year.

Interrogative: Auxiliary will + subject + have / has + verb in participle + complement = Will we have
finished university by next year?

3.5. Future perfect continuous

It serves to express actions or states that will occur in the future, as well as its conclusion. It is
formed as follows:

Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary will + have / has been + gerund verb + complement = They will have
been dancing until sunrise.

Negative: Subject + auxiliary will + not + have / has been + gerund verb + complement = They will
not have been dancing until sunrise.

Interrogative: Auxiliary will + subject + have / has been + gerund verb + complement = Will they
have been dancing until sunrise?