PIPING DRAWINGS BASICS

N.P.TODKAR

There are two types of views used in the piping drawings:

a) Orthographic- Plans and Elevations b) Pictorial - Isometric Views Piping layout is developed in both plan view and elevation view and section details are added for clarity wherever necessary These drawings are called the !eneral "rrangement of Piping In comple# piping system$ especially within the unit%plant building where orthographic views do not illustrate the details of design$ pictorial view in isometric presentation is drawn for clarity

The Indian &tandard I&'()'' standardises the drawing sheets as below:

SIZE OVERALL DIMENSIONS in mm *+' # ''*, -,+ # *+' +.( # -,+ .,) # +.( .'( # .,)

"( "' ". "/ "+

HOW TO START THE PIPING GA? 0Obtain the drawings numbers and fill in the title bloc1$ with the drawing number and title at the bottom right hand corner of the sheet 0Place the north arrow at the top left%right hand corner of the sheet to indicate plant north 02o not plan drawing in the area above the title bloc1 of drawing$ as this is allotted for general notes$ number and title of reference drawings$ brief description of changes during revision and the bill of materials wherever applicable 0Process e3uipment and piping have priority on the Piping !" 0The piping drawings are started after fi#ing positions of the e3uipments 0E3uipment layout is reproduced on the Piping !" to its scale and drawn on the reverse side in case of manual drafting 0

0In case of 4"2 separate layer is used The ma5or primary beams and secondary beams are also shown if area covered is indoor 0Pertinent bac1ground details which govern piping routing$ such as floor drains$ 6V"4 ducting$ electrical and instrument cable trays$ etc are also drawn in faint on the reverse 07tility stations are also established so that most convenient utility header routing can be carried out

Order of im or!"n#e$ referen#e of i e %ine& in " i in' GA

' . / + 9

"lloy steel%special material of construction 8arge bore piping 6igh temp%high pr Piping 8ined piping 4 & Process Piping 7tility piping

DEVELOPMENT O( PIPING GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING 0 The piping drawings should be developed in such a way that all the process re3uirements are met with 0 It is not always possible for the piping drawing to follow e#actly the logical arrangement of the P : I2s &ometimes lines must be routed with different 5unction se3uence and line numbers and subse3uently the list may be changed 0Performance and economics have to be considered in parallel while deciding the routing 0 Piping is represented by single lines up to a si;e of '-(<= and double lines for si;es .((<= and above This is to save the time of drafting and to avoid confusion 0 In single line representation only the center line of the pipeline is drawn using solid line and in double line representation the actual si;e to scale is drawn with center

0 8ine numbers are shown against each line e#actly in the same way as represented in the P:I diagrams 0 The change in specification should be shown in line with P:I diagram This change is usually indicated immediately to the downstream of the valve$ flange or e3uipment 0 Valves should be drawn to scale with identification number from the P:I2 mar1ed thereon 0 2raw valve hand wheels to scale with stem fully e#tended If it is lever operated$ then the movement of handle position should be mar1ed 0 If a valve is chain operated$ note the distance of the chain from the operating floor 0 &how location of each instrument connection with encircled instrument number ta1en from P:I2 0 &imilar arrangement shall be shown as typical detail or covered in a separate company standard as Instrument 6oo1-up drawings

0 2raw plan view of each floor of the plant and these views should indicate how the layout will loo1 li1e between floors as seen from top 0 Each line should be identified by line number and should also show the insulation$ tracing re3uirements$ etc 0 8ines$ if re3uired$ shall be bro1en to show the re3uired details of hidden lines without drawing other views 0 2o not draw details that can be covered by a note 0 2raw plan to a larger scale for any part needing more details and identify it as >2etail ?"@A$ etc 0 2raw part isometrics s1etches or part elevations to clarify comple# piping or piping hidden in the plan view 0Bull sections through the plant may be avoided if isometric drawings are drawn for the lines Part sections where re3uired shall be shown to clear the hidden details in plan 0 &ections in the plan views are identified by numbers say '-'$ .-.$ etc and details by alphabets$ e g >2etail ?"@A

(IG.)* T+PICAL GENERAL ARRANGEMENT O( PIPING

(IG.,* T+PICAL PIPING ISOMETRIC DRAWING

0 Plant <orth - The direction should be so selected as to facilitate easy chec1ing of !" with Iso 0 Isometric drawing should also include the following information: 0 2imensions and angles 0 Ceference number of P : I2s$ !" 2rawings$ line numbers$ direction of flow$ insulation and tracing 0 E3uipment location and e3uipment identification 0 !ive no;;le identification on the connected e3uipment 0 !ive the details of flange on the e3uipment if the specification is different from the connecting piping 0 &i;e and type of every valve% 2irection of operation 0 &i;e and number of control valve 0 8ocation$ orientation and number of each e3uipment

0 Bield weld - preferred in all directions to ta1e care of site variations 4an also be covered with a general note 0 8ocation of high point vents and low point drains 4overed with a standard arrangement note 0 =ill of Daterial 0 Ce3uirements of stress relieving$ seal welding$ pic1ling$ coating$ etc

SPOOLS " spool is an assembly of fittings$ flanges and pipes that may be prefabricated It does not include bolts$ gas1ets$ valves or instruments " spool sheet is an orthographic drawing of a spool drawn either from piping !" or from an iso sheet Each spool sheet shows only one type of spool and$ 0Instructs welder to fabricate the spool 08ists the cut lengths of pipe$ fittings and flanges etc needed to ma1e the spool 0!ives material of construction and any special treatment of finished piping 0Indicates how many spools of the same type are re3uired

DIMENSIONING O( DRAWINGS 0 &ufficient dimensions to be given for positioning e3uipment and for erecting piping 0 2uplicating dimensions in different views should be avoided$ as this may lead to errors if changes are made 0 Ceserve hori;ontal dimensions for the plan view 0 If single pipe is to be positioned or a pipe connected to no;;le is to be indicated$ then show the centre line elevation and mar1 as 4 0 If several pipes are sharing a common support$ show elevation of =ottom of Pipes and mar1 as =OP E8 This is more applicable to non-insulated lines

0 In case of several pipes on a pipe rac1$ show the >Top of &upportA elevation and mar1 as TO& E8 0 In case of buried pipelines in trench$ show elevation of bottom of pipes 0 In case of drains and sewers$ the Invert Elevation of the inside of the pipe is mar1ed as IE

0 4entre lines of the e3uipment and pipelines shall be located with reference to the building column centre lines or the co-ordinates which can be considered as a reference base 0 The distance between the lines shall be dimensioned centre line to centre line 0The hori;ontal no;;les on the e3uipment shall be located from centre to flange face in plan Bor vertical no;;les show Bace of Blange elevation EBOB) 0 Bor valves$ instruments and non-standard e3uipments$ show the dimensions from flange face to flange face

0 Blanged valves are located with dimension to flange faces <onflanged valves are dimensioned to their centres or stems 0 Bor flanged 5oints show a small gap between dimension lines to indicate gas1et Blanged 5oints can also be shown without gas1et but cover the same with a general note and include gas1et thic1ness in the valve or e3uipment dimensions 0 Bor Binished Bloor EBB) the elevation shall be the high point of 0 the floor

0 Bor foundation the Top of !rout ETO!) elevation is shown 0 &how dimensions outside the drawn view - do not cut pictures 0 2raw dimension line unbro1en with fine line Frite dimension 5ust above the hori;ontal line Bor vertical lines write sideways 0 The dimension lines can be terminated with arrow heads or obli3ue dashes 0 If series of dimension is to be shown$ string them together 0 &how overall dimension of the string of dimensions "void one of the brea1-up dimensions to omit repetition and error during changes 0 2o not omit significant dimension other than fitting ma1e up

0 Bor field run piping$ give only those dimensions which are necessary to route piping clear of e3uipments and other obstructions 8ocate only those items which are important to the process 0 7nderline out of scale dimensions or mar1 as <T& 0 2o not terminate dimensions at screwed or welded 5oints

CHECKING O( PIPING DRAWINGS 4hec1ing shall be done only on the print or the chec1 plot of the drawings and by coloured pencils%pens " 4orrected areas and dimensions are mar1ed yellow = "reas and dimensions which are to be deleted are mar1ed green 4 "reas to be corrected%incorporated on the drawing are mar1ed in red The new print after correction is >bac1 chec1edA for incorporation Points to be chec1ed on the piping drawing includes: Title of the drawing

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ti!%e of !-e dr".in'. Orien!"!ion / Nor!- "rro. "'"in&! %o! %"n. In#%0&ion of 'r" -i# &#"%e 1if dr".in'& i& !o 2e red0#ed3. Co/ordin"!e& of e40i men!& "'"in&! e40i men! %"5o0!. E40i men! n0m2er& "nd !-eir " e"r"n#e on !-e i in' dr".in'. Corre#! iden!ifi#"!ion on "%% %ine& in "%% 6ie.&. Line & e#ifi#"!ion #-"n'e&. Referen#e dr".in' n0m2er& "nd fi%e&. Corre#!ne&& of "%% dimen&ion&. W-e!-er re re&en!"!ion i& #orre#!%5 m"de in %ine .i!!-e &!"nd"rd &5m2o%& or no!. Lo#"!ion "nd iden!ifi#"!ion of "%% in&!r0men!&. Re40iremen!& of 0 &!re"m$do.n&!re"m &!r"i'-! %en'!-&. In&0%"!ion re40iremen!& "& er P7ID&. Pi in' "rr"n'emen! "'"in&! P7ID re40iremen!& &0#- "& 'r"6i!5 f%o.8 &e"%&8 e!#. Po&&i2%e in!erferen#e (%oor "nd ."%% o enin'&.

0 4orrectness of scale in case of !eneral "rrangement 2rawings 0 Fhether all stress analysis re3uirements are met or not 0 "de3uacy of clearance from civil structures$ electrical apparatus and instrument consoles 0 "ccessibility of operation and maintenance space and provision of drop out and handling areas 0 Boundation drawings and vendor e3uipment re3uirements 0 2etails and section identification match 0 >DatchlineA provision and accuracy 0 Presence of signatures and dates 0 "ccuracy of =OD in Isometrics 0 <umber of issues and revision GGGGGGGG