Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Overview
Origins Concepts
Requirements
Networks Terminals
Uses
Classes Scenarios
Implications
Business Conclusions
Overview
1 Origins 2 Concepts
1.1 Standardisation
In 1997 there were many competing proposals for 3G.
Europe (ETSI): WCDMA, WTDMA,TDMA/CDMA, OFDMA, ODMA. North America(T1P1, TR45.3, TR45.5, TR46.1): WCDMA N/A, UWC-136, cdma2000, WIMS WCDMA, WP-CDMA. Asia Pacific (ARIB & TTA): WCDMA, WTDMA, OFDMA, Global CDMA 1 & 2.
1.2 Harmonisation
Now the ITU has recommended IMT-2000 for 3G mobile comms systems:
2 groups, 5 variants.
IM T-2000
TDM A
CDM A
S ingle Carrier
M ulti-Carrier
MC
FDD
TDD
UW C-136
DE CT
cdm a2000
UTRA FDD
2.1 Scrambling
What are scrambling codes?
W of WCDMA. Pseudo-random sequences: Gold codes, Kasami codes (M-sequences).
Spectral re-use factor of 1: all cells can use the same frequency spectrum. Benefits of wideband signals: multipath provides temporal diversity instead of ISI.
2.2 Spreading
What are spreading/channelization/OVSF codes?
CDMA of WCDMA. Orthogonal sequences: Walsh-Hadamard codes).
Good m or ning
Buongior no
Bonj our
Gut e n t ag
2.3 Downlink
Downlink (time-aligned)
1 scrambling code (Cs) per cell. 1 or more channelization code (Cch#) per UE.
Cs
C ch 1 C ch 2
C ch 3
2.4 Uplink
Uplink (not time-aligned)
1 scrambling code (Cs#) per UE. 1 or more channelization codes per UE.
C s1 C s2
C s3
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Requirements
3 Networks 4 Terminals
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Japan
In service 2001. Countrywide coverage from start. 100% population coverage by 2002.
United Kingdom
In service 2002-3. Islands of 3G in a sea of GSM to begin. 80% population coverage by 2007.
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3G terminals will initially include a USIM (User Services Identity Module) to deter theft.
In simplest form it will act as a PIN. More advanced forms will be removable smart cards.
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Uses
5 Classes 6 Scenarios
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Trendy teenagers
Call friends - whenever. Download and listen to the latest sounds on an MP3 player. Get a ticket for the latest gig at a keystroke, and pay for it with e-credits on their account.
Powerful professionals
Keep in contact with clients and the office - from anywhere in the world. Stop off at a motorway service station to review and change an on-line presentation. Reschedule a flight reservation during a meeting which looks set to overrun.
Grey generation
Alarm button to call family or emergency services gives a feeling of safety and security. Upload shopping list from fridge, visit supermarket and receive details of promotional offers based on their consumer profile, and pay using their 3G credit account. Surf the Internet to find information for a college course project.
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6.2 u-Information
3G terminals will be personalised.
Organiser: calendar, diary and notepad. ID: security pass, driving licence and membership cards. Electronic keys: car, house, and safe. Information: health, and how to Current affairs: news, sport and weather.
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6.3 n-Tertainment
3G terminals will give access to networked entertainment.
Broadcast: TV and radio. On-demand: music and movies. Games: gambling and competitions.
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6.5 e-Commerce
3G terminals will support electronic commerce.
Banking: salary, bill payment, and alternative to cash/credit cards. Investing: stock tips, portfolio performance, stop-loss alerts, and on-line trading. Shopping: obtain details about items in a shop and pay for them with e-credit. Purchases: parking tickets, theatre tickets and drinks/snacks from vending machines. Advertising: sales catalogues (estate agents). Auctions:real-time on-line bidding.
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6.6 m-Communications
3G terminals will allow rich-media mobile communication.
Video phone: video conferencing with optional recording for later viewing. Messaging: electronic postcards and e-mail. Remote monitoring: check on home and children while away.
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Implications
7 Business 8 Conclusions
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Million
P roje cted w eb h a nd se ts (G lo ba l)
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8 Conclusions
Potential
Society: tailored to and altering the lifestyles of individuals. Business: emergence of partnerships between pipe providers and content creators.
Problems to be addressed
Technological: several standard-variants must be supported, existing infrastructure migrated, and new techniques implemented. Social: people wont accept 3G until they are confident it is reliable and secure and are happy with new ways of paying for new services. Commercial: companies must make a return on their enormous investments, by achieving over 100% market penetration with novel content.
Future
Bernt Ostergaard (Giga Information Group): It will be an interesting market that has great potential for growth.
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Further Reading
UMTS Mobile Communications for the Future Ed. Flavio Muratore John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-471-49829-7 WCDMA for UMTS - Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications Ed. Harri Holma & Antti Toskala John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-471-72051-8 Spread Spectrum CDMA Systems for Wireless Communications Savo Glisic & Branka Vucetic Artech House Publishers ISBN 0-89006-858-5
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