Stress Management : HEALTH, STRESS, AND COPING

Diyah Woro D L, S.Psi

HEALTH

A complete state of physical, mental, and social well being (not merely the absence of disease and infirmity) - WHO

STRESS

Pengalaman emosional negatif yang dapat diprediksi oleh perubahan biokimia, fisiologi, kognitif dan perilaku. Terjadi selama stressor berlangsung

HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGY

Health psychology (ilmu mempelajari kesehatan melalui multidimensi pendekatan psikologis)

Psychoneuroimmunology (ilmu yang mengkaji hubungan antara berbagai faktor kejiwaan dengan sistem saraf dan sistem kekebalan)

UNDERSTANDING STRESS

Faktor Biologi Faktor Kognitif Faktor Perilaku Faktor Lingkungan Faktor Sosiokultural

Faktor biologis

Nervous system General adaptation syndrome (selye) Fight or Flight (cannon)

Faktor kognitif

Penilaian Kognitif

Faktor perilaku

Tipe Perilaku A Hardiness/Ketabahan

Faktor Lingkungan

Negative Event Uncontrollable Event Ambigous Event Overload Burnout Conflict Frustration Life Events and Daily Hassles

Faktor Sociokultural

Akulturasi

Asimilasi Marginalisasi Integrasi Pemisahan

Status Sosio-ekonomi Kemiskinan

COPING STRESSie

Problem-focused Emotion-focused Optimis dan berpikir positif Dukungan sosial Perilaku Asertif Managemen Stress Multiple coping strategies

Problem-Focused Coping

Emotion-focused (Lazaruss term) Avoidance strategies

OPTIMISM AND POSITIVE THINKING

The pesimists can develop a more optimistic outlook (Martin Seligman, 1991) Thinking positively, people put themselves in a good mood and improve their selfesteem.

SOCIAL SUPPORT

Information and feedback from other that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and included in a network of communication and mutual obligation.

ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR

Assertiveness builds equal relationships

(Robert Alberti and Michael Emmons, 1995).

Assertive individuals express their feelings, ask for what they want, and say no to something they don't want.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Meditation Relaxation Biofeedback Music therapy Art therapy

relaksasi

hatha yoga, suatu cara India kuno mengatur postur tubuh, atau asanas, untuk memperbaiki kesehatan fisik, mental, dan spiritual. Pada 1930, Edmund Jacobsen mengambangkan relaksasi progresif, suatu metoda menurunkan ketegangan dan akan merelakskan setiap otot tubuh. J.H. Schultz menciptakan pelatihan autogenik, suatu proses imajinasi kehangatan, kekuatan atau sensasi fisik lain di setiap bagian tubuh.