HELPS FOR TRANSLATORS PREPARED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UNITED BIBLE SOCIETIES ‘THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRANSLATION THE THEORY AND\ PRACTICE OF TRANSLATION sure et EUGENE A. NIDA Dips CHARLES R, TABER fe ej am, 1982Helps for Translators prepared ander the onspics fi United Bible Scie Volume 1 (to Testa Taasstanon Paoatens Votume 1 Vote HL (to Tesrauest QuoraTions tax New Trstsuest Yotune Srenox Mesos aso Rasenayce Sys Votune ¥ New Tesruwes Ines Vote V1 ‘Busts Taassamoss rom Foret Cat Voume vat Tre Taroxe xo Practice oF Tesgstarion “This volime was Gas publ a 1969 et rea 1976 inh 88 by. Br La, Th Narn ised So, ft ok my Me ada li yt ee ‘ae mt ial ade pas fl pli TABLE OF CONTENTS A Nese Concept of Translating The Nature of Teeslating Grammatical Analyste Refeenial Maing Conaotative Meng Transer Restructuring Testing the Tastaton Appendix: Organisation of Translation Projects ‘Bibliography Ghesty General Fade ical Index orPREFACE, “Tis volume on The Theory ond Practice of Trenton ste logit cowtgrowt of the previo boa Pes a Selene of Praag (2364), ‘thik enplore smo the Dri aetors contingent proach {otransltion, Tue scond volume presents certain ofthese same theories in 2 pedagogy created orders deed to ast the wanlaor 9 net the thereat ments a al fo gui era pacts! ils [Beaming how fo carey out the procedures Thovgh tit present base feats the problems of transdating primary in terms of w soente ‘Gna Bui uct, ts rat a ratn thant scenes: Ii eo a Skandia the ulate ana uly se {sete tranaaton aways a art Tite vise the trative daa. ar dawn prima from the eld cf Bile ransating, The refects bath the made cages of those fer'whom the boa bas ben speiealy prepared and the tacked {xptreneof the authors Thee ar, stever cere ways in heh this fiuy bee diet advantage to tie render igerested the broadest ps aspects of raclting for Bible Wanslating ha longer tendon [Eben tthe tied contary tic, ovens fr more langanges (393 Hguages by the end of 1968), is concerned tha erate vit of ‘allure (Bile tranaatora hav wnt nll areas of the wari) and Ipciaes 4 der range of iterary types (om le pty a henlgeal Sheeoee} than anycomparsis lind of exneting. Acconsngy, even {tough the istasve das tay sce smut iesited, he total ge of background experiences unesusly wide, ad bene he bass for Ssnerations the ental problems of semis anaes, coarse ‘Rtsrares an eltral ransters ie prtelaiy va ‘The tsi two chapers are esemily ttrodctery, fr the deal with crt the bead sue and atten to oan he reader wilh espe {ote total tak The foloeing chapter ake pine systemic ode te fendi pede of tating oy ra, ett at testing. Barely paced onsdestone’of commie organi Sod procedrs for carrng ont the morko ransatng ae eae in he ‘Append, gasary of tent erpsis azo added, os 9 Mind of nde. ‘arene fate words oe billy dened The ease te ferred 3 {hat ei ethene hee ie eae ofthe int dats. prepared oo 0 period ol appro our years, and used nvaveng orn number Ghtranatle netics and Seminary eld vaio place tought ‘he worl thas seo benefited rom the ace and counsel oft namberef Topo Cn wong tr hep oh Dad Psi Tenino acs sce reh set era iy racer a Huonse A, Nips and Cuamizs R, Tape ew York, 1969 CHAPTER ONE A NEW CONCEPT OF TRANSLATING eet tlre the Mtr of he word be ths es 0 many sso: engaged inthe Uansating of both stato eligons ater, Frist at fat fon Ret ded ta ta tine to such wee, and ofthese at ast 3.09 ae engaged pinay the translation of the Bible lte some Soo langues Seprenting aout faypetent ofthe word's fopaitons . ‘Ecfortucatat, the wndeng tiny of translating bas not caught wp withthe developmen of susan i ecgons taps, dope co spn lt He untaiy re acne he ae the seule fed: One spelt in tamsatng slime or vation industry conmeated that ns work Medi ot et ep fhe prints itn felled ty tansaoce of the Buble “AUih ds betta Gomplete teins se matter of ie and death Calor ‘nately, Wanbltos of fogiows materia hav somtimes ot een prompted by te vane eig of ergeney to make sense. ‘Tur Oto Feces asp tue Nev Faces Tie elder focus in tandating was the form of the mesage, and sels fot fla deh ig AE ec Sate Seca, hte tyme, pts on horde Chacon, paraltom, ‘Sunita satin Hen try hoes sted ‘hat one mist determine the espana the receporf the asad Jpesages Ths response me shun be compared wih te Wey ie ek the ergnal receptors presumably raced tothe iesege when it ae renin onsale "Bronte old question: Te chia cogecttranlation? must be ane fm terms of another question, namely" For whom: Cornetess mt be determined by thvettent in which the average wader fr whieh ‘arta nde wie undated oc Maree ie are not canerned merely withthe poset of suerte frets, but with the qerehelning Uvcood of i in ther wr fee ave tot content inert to trate so thatthe average recep Iie Uierstand the tessage father we am to tke outa that Sch a person ie reryely to sssndertood i ‘Posag the quesdon of coretnes in this taser matrallyimpleg that theta lb dren translations whieh abe allel Soot act fete scholar vos nel wel aon ith he oa fen the mas inbred, tera txplaton wl be “ance fot he sal ‘sot isunderstand i On the other and, ta ost ange Ug eemunity espacilly when they employ salle international languages Rati by Billo of people thee ae a number of sodaeduedngal FEAL" Tpeeh and coplekenson, This means that seveta lees [eves of tanation in fete of eoeabular and grammatical structures, ‘Nevreqused fl people are to have exentally equal opportunites to ‘asistand the mesage “Fis cat of comprehen concerned primary wth dcovering and lasting two ifernt types of eapreslons ) those which are {ity tobe ssundertond und (2) owe ofc sa "heaey” (Whether In cabulay or gamer) bo dacourage the render lem atte {5 comprethd coment ofthe metage Soc ios as eh a ‘he brteckamber" (Mark 229) and Theap cole offre on his bead {Rian ts 2) are tsa of te fist catogor The average person un {Sioned wih Serge dome spy ot ong fo endesstand that ih hdren l the bedeshamber” are the Ids f the biegronm, or ‘eading geste and that "heap col of fre on his head means to make SNe thir he ar ad o's nay fete pole ‘iren3high prcntage of people minunderstand a rendering it cannot ie tsardel ers legate auslaon, For example, Romabe tp tos atest testes have “the ehteogenss of Ga revealed om uth to fat" and most readers tral acme that this 3 feferene to Gods Gn petsonalrghenusnese Most saat are aged fovea hat he ot Gos on gare, tthe prae F Ink God put men sight th hima Todas Engl Version Tubs the act tuum” to et feeb and eperlly isander- oot word) and oot the carter of ghteasmess Buta Cation ‘rlgh laste on tendon the Gre tral at the nyhteousess of ‘Got isp vsatng the meaning for the Sake of pressing formal Sammut covepontince, Tedtion to beng ute mishading, a translation may als be so sale haat cee tor ee For ‘iene te Asseeau Standard Veron (tt), 2Covtibans 3°10 Scape ery a wich ath oon ade ine bata bee {fade lars mh reapect, by season of te glory that surpass ‘The wards are all Engh tthe rntene structure esentiay ree. ‘The New Ensish Lie Gute rghiy retractor ths pacsage to ead, Made, the splendour shat once Wag now ho spetour 4 all 1 ‘utshont bya aplndour greater Prose 1 Evaluate the flowing sets of renderings of Biblical assges in terms of how rely and contcly an rdar)rader o Reaer key to ‘inde then 1 Mat, 3e1ge) "Then (Joa steed im [emts]” (8 ‘So John agreed” (0) 2, Join 124° “And the Word ny made fs nd ek among ands obese g, the yal etl git ia Bah Taha ge and i "te wd of ol eae nan ie an ft ater ois fal paces a iii “he Moed best han ing a ned among wrists Seg a gee ae AE wee pony EAE NETS ake Pines Sai Sin 4 Rom 3:21-22; “Dut now th gears of Gol wou thee isngdfed,tg etnced yc sad Se fein eve hedges of tod when that bebe! (ny). 7 ‘atin hese days, G's way of justification bas at lastcen bronght tight oe wich ene tested by {he nad te prophet, stands par rm th law; Gods way of yutieation thaogh fat [enis Cet meant for everybody and seat dove ros) " ut ow God's way of puting men right with timaelf has been ravecled, Gnd has nothing to do Ith awe The Law andthe prophets gave thle ‘toes to St Got! pute mon ght rough ther Ishin jus Ch 'God det th tal who breve iChat” (re New Armienss wuou Respect to RectrTon Lasousers “eRe bean a eed he lise dnler languages Hane, opine ons whack al speciiate ‘Sets sRtaa lit sett Tne ae ee eee cee ee a SEVIS el ee dor ene ee SLB eae er en “ean of oes fetid er Baa an Sh ero ach engage has eins. In the ist place, ts esentil to recognize tht cach language has ustoun gents “Thai bo say each Inguage posses eral state