Critical Reading quiz 1

Main Ideas
Main Ideas Review
Chose the best answer!

Main Ideas
Text 1. Question 1 - 2 (1). Basketball was on the Olympic program in 1904, but the event was contested by only a few American club teams and actually served as the AAU (Amateur Athletic Union of the USA) Championship for that year. (2). Thus the event is usually considered only an exhibition. (3). The winning team, incidentally, was the Buffalo German club, which was so dominant in those days that they were inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a team. (4). In 1936, basketball made its first appearance as a medal sport at the Olympics, and the sport has been included in every Olympic Games since. (5). In 1976, women's basketball was added to the program. (6). The United States has many sport events for women. (7). The USA won all the Olympic titles until 1972 when they were defeated by the Soviet Union. (8). The Soviet women were originally the top team on the female side, winning gold in 1976, 1980 and 1992, but the US women have now surpassed them, winning gold medals in 1984, 1988, 1996 and 2000. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Text 2. Question 3-4 T-shirts represent one of the highest grossing markets in youth culture fashion, which makes this marketplace one of the most vital components towards understanding trends and market opportunities in youth culture in general. In many ways, knowing what's going on in the subcultures of the T-shirt industry indicate where the marketplace is headed next, how spending patterns effect other categories, and where cultural shifts within youth culture globally may take shape. T-shirts, which are often less expensive than other forms of apparel play many roles when it comes to individuals style, often leading new directions for brands, designs, marketing, distribution, and in many cases, even the launch of entirely new companies based on the success of a series of collections. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Text 3. Question 5-9 To focus attention on the so-called 'primitive' or tribal masks of the Himalayas is to adapt the eye to a completely different style than is generally expected in the West of Himalayan art. Aesthetic interest in the objects themselves or astonishment at their shape and their mysterious beauty provokes questions as to what they mean and how they originated. Inspiration for the masks often reflects the individual, the artist being at liberty to express his fantasy. As the execution of tribal masks was not often subject to canonical rules, the objects are the products of ingenuous freshness and instinctive expressionism, and they exhibit many different levels of technical ability. Although some masks can be very sophisticated, others

may have very little embellishment, or are roughly carved with a few quick strokes, two holes for the eyes, one for the mouth. Supernatural forces are projected into a mask and the spectator gives it life and meaning. It is a mode of expression that reveals specific characteristics of the original spirit, beliefs and visions of the people who created the masks, and gives an idea of how Buddhism or Hinduism, after defeating the shamanic traditions, transformed and even incorporated many of these rites. The ethnic groups that created the masks have undergone radical changes; for example, the Thakali of the upper Kali-Gandaki valley in western Nepal first converted from their shamanic religion to Buddhism, and have more recently converted to Hinduism. Some of the tribal masks represent vanished cults and deities that have been swept away by the conversion to another religion, and several of the masks remain only as mute witnesses to a dead civilization. The masks discussed in this article were all produced in Nepal by the various ethnic groups inhabiting the Terai (the low plains of the south along the Indian border), the Middle Hills (with the exclusion of the Kathmandu valley) and the northern Himalayas. Himalayan tribal masks evoke by their shape, patina and carving their African, Indonesian or American counterparts. They can be reminiscent of Japanese jomon (cord pattern) terracotta masks dating from the second millennium BC, and sometimes they resemble those of Siberian shamans, or of central Indian tribes such as the Bhugas who wore masks for divination before hunting ceremonies. In these last two cases, it is possible that there is more than just an aesthetic similarity, but only patient comparative studies will be able to determine the depth to which such a comparison can be carried. In some cases, although the appearance of the sculpture is archaic , it can nevertheless be a Buddhist or Hindu image from a remote village or a small temple, such as boar mask from a Buddhist village. Even when it was produced by a Buddhist or a Hindu, this art was in contact with shamanism. It seems that making masks has its roots in prehistoric times. The wearing of an animal mask or skin could originally have been used in magic rites for hunting, healing, laying a curse or killing into Tibetan Buddhist Cham dances. Owing to social, political and religious changes over the last two centuries, the function of various masks has altered and evolved so that an old mask has sometimes been given a new meaning. It is therefore difficult, considering the number of existing ethnic groups, to ascertain exactly all the original purposes of these masks. ------------------------------------------------------------------------Text 4. Question 10-14 Hiking and mountain biking are rapidly increasing in popularity as forms of outdoor recreation. Mountain biking in particular is one of the fastest-growing outdoor activities, with 43.3 million persons participating at least once in 2000 (USDA Forest Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2000). (10) .. researchers have examined the responses of wildlife to pedestrians, there is a lack of information on the responses of wildlife to mountain bikers. Despite this lack of knowledge, mountain biking is (11) in all federal wilderness areas and on many other public lands, in part because it is assumed to be more (12) for wildlife than hiking. Currently, it is not known (13) wildlife respond differently to these activities. Disturbance from recreation may have both immediate and long-term effects on wildlife. The immediate response of many animals to disturbance is a change in behavior, such as cessation of foraging, fleeing, or altering (14) behavior. 1. What is the main idea of the above text?

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In 1904, only a few American clubs participated in the basketball Olympic program. 2. The Olympic basketball program in 1904 was dominated by Amateur Athletic Union of the USA. 3. The USA won all the Olympic medals until 1972 when they were defeated by the Soviet Union. 4. The Buffalo German club won the first medal sport on the Olympic for basketball. 5. The first basketball program on the Olympic in 1904 was contested by only American club teams. The irrelevant sentence in the above text is sentence number .. 1. 2 2. 6 3. 7 4. 4 5. 8 What is the topic of the text? 1. The youth and the T-shirt design 2. The T-shirt industry and the market opportunity 3. The T-shirt industry and the youth subculture 4. The changes of T-shirt trends and design 5. The T-shirt industry and the changes of design Which of the following is best for the last sentence of the paragraph? 1. That is why T-shirt is so popular among the youth. 2. The T-shirt industries take advantage of the youth culture. 3. T-shirt design is changing rapidly among the youth. 4. T-shirt is getting cheaper and cheaper What is the best title for the above text? 1. Styles of the Primitive Mask of the Himalayas 2. Aesthetic of Primitive Mask of the Himalayas 3. The West of Himalayan Art 4. The Origin of Himalayan Mask 5. Tribal masks of the Himalayas The masks discussed in the text were made in . 1. Kali-Gandaki 2. Kathmandu valley 3. Nepal 4. Terai 5. Northern Himalayas From the text we can conclude that . 1. The masks are still used for traditional ritual in Himalayan cultures. 2. The masks have been influenced by many religions and cultures. 3. The masks are priceless to the Himalayan people. 4. The masks are considered holly to the Himalayan people. 5. The masks were made in the prehistoric times and were kept in temples. The word archaic (in the first line of the last paragraph) can be best replaced by .. 1. prehistoric 2. prevailing 3. tedious 4. cheap

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5. contemporary 9. The above text is probably found in .. 1. A popular magazine. 2. A journal article. 3. An announcement board 4. A newspaper editorial. 5. An advertisement 10. 1. Before 2. Whenever 3. Since 4. While 5. Until 11. 1. disturb 2. banned 3. rejected 4. denied 5. blocked 12. 1. disturb 2. disturbingly 3. disturbing 4. disturber 5. disturbance 13. 1. whether 2. although 3. that 4. until 14. 1. reproduce 2. reproductive 3. reproducing 4. reproducible 5. reproduction

Critical Reading quizz 2

Main Idea

Choose the best answer!

Main Idea
Main Idea Read the following passages and find the main idea of each one. Question 1 Strictly speaking, cartography is the drawing or compiling of maps. The explorers and surveyors go out and make the measurements and gather the information from which the cartographers draw their maps. Sometimes the fieldwork and the creation of the map are done by the same person. But when the scope is broad and the sources of information many, maps are more often a compilation of that information. They represent the accumulated work of many people, brought together under the supervision of one person. the compiler. The value of the map depends, of course, on the expertise of the compiler, who must sift through available information, select the most accurate data, and come up with a thoughtful and accurate synthesis of the geographic knowledge of the region.

Question 2 In the 1820s and 1830s American painting added a new chapter to the story of its development. Until the nineteenth century, portraiture and occasional historical pieces were the only concerns of American art, but throughout the 1800s some of America's most talented painters chose to depict landscapes and the daily activities of ordinary people. With the nation's declaration of independence had come prosperity and with it the opportunity and inclination for painters to contemplate their environment. As they traveled beyond the early settlements and left the nation's first cities, such as Boston and Philadelphia, they began to experience and appreciate the pristine beauty of the American scenery, which differed greatly from the European landscape, partly because in its unsettled state it appeared wild and primeval.

Question 3 Speculation about the earth's crust has a special edge of urgency in California, which sits on the San Andreas fault, the world's most famous and respected fracture zone. Not surprisingly, it was a scientist at the California Institute of Technology, Charles F. Richter, who invented the Richter scale used to measure earthquakes. Seismic activity in California is being constantly monitored and mapped. Seismometers register many thousands of small earthquakes every year, and computers instantly calculate the location, depth, and magnitude

of an earthquake. Laser distance-ranging networks can detect changes of length, indicating change in crustal stress, accurate to about half an inch in 20 miles. Satellite measurements of crustal blocks are improving, and California seismologists believe they may in time be precise enough to allow earthquake prediction. Question 4 The first expedition down the Colorado River was made by John Wesley Powell and his party in 1869. Powell had made long trips down the Ohio and the Mississippi and its tributaries during his twenties, when his lifelong interest in natural history developed. In 1867 he led his first expedition to the Rockies, a collecting trip for the museum he had founded in Illinois. While on Pike's Peak, -near Colorado Springs, Powell conceived his great plan to explore the Colorado River. On May 24, 1869, he and his party set off down the upper Colorado and nothing was heard from them for 37 days. During that time Powell and party braved uncharted territory, encounters with the natives, fierce rapids, and 20-foot waterfalls, as they followed the Colorado through the Grand Canyon to the Gulf of California. Question 5 Innovations in transportation in the 1800s permitted space to be traversed more rapidly and were crucial to the industrial expansion of the North. The great spaces that separated producers from consumers made speed essential, especially in the movement of perishable freight. The development of the steam-powered locomotive in the 1830s and the rapid extension of the railways in the 1840s and 1850s provided the answer to the need for faster transport and dramatically altered patterns of economic development throughout the United States. In 1830 there were 32 miles of rails in the country, in 1840 there were 2,818 miles, and by 1850 there were more than 9,000 miles. The rapid extension of rail mileage enabled the railroads significantly to reduce their costs for shipping freight and carrying passengers, thus enabling them to price their services more cheaply and competitively. The extension of trunk lines, into which short or local lines fed, further tightened the east-west flow of commerce and bound the Northeast and the old Northwest together with bands of steel. Question 6 The few places left on earth that have not been altered by humankind are almost invariably hostile to humans. One such place is the Alaskan Arctic, which is inhabited, where inhabited at all, by only a scattering of Eskimos, Native Americans, and whites. But while the Arctic is indeed a chill and inimical realm of snow, ice, and polar bears, it is also a region of great beauty and, above all, purity, where plants and animals still exist undisturbed in a state of natural balance. Nearly one-third of Alaska lies north of the Arctic Circle and consists of pristine land. The Brooks Range cuts across the region like a wall, making access difficult. Even today, in an age of jet travel, the number of persons, who have had first-hand experience in the Alaskan Arctic remains small, and countless valleys and mountains go unnamed and even unexplored. Question 7 In the first half of the nineteenth century, the first distinctly American culture took Im. The rise of an American tradition in literature paralleled the expansion of the nation, as American .writers began to look within themselves and across their enlarged continental homeland for their subjects and themes. The romance, or novel, provided a useful form for dealing with the Fenimore Cooper's The Pioneers (1823) and The Deerslayer (1841), Natty Bumppo and the Mohican guide Chingachgook confronted the environment of the American frontier, chronicling the advance of "civilization" and questioning the implications of its impact on the

natural world. The theme of the individual confronting nature was further developed by Herman Melville in the classic novel Moby Dick (1851). Nathaniel Hawthorne dealt with equally difficult questions of inner limits and the individual's responsibilities to society in The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851). Question 8 Because different tree species adapted to different climates and soil types have evolved over millennia, many kinds of forests occupy the earth today. The primitive forests of several hundred million years ago consisted of fewer kinds of trees. In fact, the earliest "trees," which grew nearly 500 million years ago, were like giant club mosses. They lacked true roots and consisted of a tangle of specialized branches that clambered over rocky ground. Fifty million years later came the dense forests of tree ferns that prevailed in tropical climates of that era. The forerunners of modern conifers were on the scene 300 million years ago, when plant life abundantly colonized marshy land, building the tremendous coal and oil reserves so important today. By the time the dinosaurs roamed the earth some 180 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period, seed-bearing trees had evolved that shed their leaves in winter; from these have sprung the angiosperms and our present deciduous forests. Question 9 Birds have two basic types of sounds: songs and calls. Songs are usually more complex than calls and are utilized primarily by adult males during the breeding season to establish territories or attract mates. Calls are normally simple notes, single or repeated, vocalized by males and females in all seasons to express alarm or maintain contact with mates, offspring, or other birds of the same species. All songs and most calls are distinctive, and with concentrated study and practice, bird watchers can learn to identify many birds by their sounds and to call them as well. Question 10 Hawaii was originally settled by the natives of the South Pacific, who arrived in the islands in canoes laden with breadfruit, yams, taro, coconut, bananas, pigs, and chickens. Supplementing these foods were over a hundred different edible fishes and 4C kinds of seaweed from the surrounding waters. Hawaiian food was eaten raw or wrapped in taro leaves, seasoned with coconut, and cooked. In the early 1800s, the whalers and missionaries introduced stews, chowders curries, corned beef, dried beef, salt salmon, and Indian and cornstarch puddings. Most likely, pipkaula (jerked beef), lomi lumi salmon, and haupia (coconut pudding) evolved during this period. In the late nineteenth century immigrants from China, Japan, and Korea were brought to Hawaii to work the sugar plantations. The Chinese brought rice, soybeans, and vegetables and their ways of cooking them. The Japanese brought sukiyaki and teriyaki, among many other foods. Settlers from the continental United States also brought their favorite recipes and in the spirit of aloha, the Hawaiians have accepted each group's offerings and drawn the best from them. Thus a Hawaiian feast is a gastronomic experience, the essence of Hawaii and its many cultures. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? 1. Not all of the information initially compiled for maps is accurate. 2. The compiler's task is more important than that of the explorers and surveyors.

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3. The definition of cartography is the drawing or compiling of maps. 4. Maps are the product of a group effort brought together usually by one person. What is the main topic of the passage? 1. In the early 1800s, landscapes were produced in preference to portraits and historical pieces. 2. Conditions ire the early 1800s were favorable to the emergence of the American landscape artist. 3. America's declaration of independence brought prosperity to the nation and with it an appreciation of the outdoors. 4. An increase in travel in America led to an appreciation of the beauty of the American landscape. What is the main idea expressed in the passage? 1. Computers provide a variety of information about earthquakes. 2. A great deal of attention is paid to earthquake activity in California. 3. Earthquake prediction will be possible in the future. 4. The Richter scale was invented in California. What is the main subject of the passage? 1. Powell was inspired to explore the Colorado while on Pike's Peak. 2. People were concerned when nothing was heard from Powell and his party for over a month. 3. Powell was uniquely qualified to lead an expedition down the Colorado. 4. Powell and his party faced daunting challenges on the first Colorado River expedition. What is the main theme in the passage? 1. Railroads provided an important link between the Northwest and the Northeast. 2. Railroads made the transportation of perishable freight possible. 3. Between 1830 and 185C over 8,000 miles of railroad track were laid. 4. Railroads had a profound effect on the economic development of the United States in the nineteenth century. hat is the primary topic of the passage? 1. Remarkably, parts of the Alaskan Arctic still remain unexplored. 2. The Alaskan Arctic is a beautifully pristine realm of snow, ice, and polar bears. 3. The Alaskan Arctic is habitable only to arctic animals and a few hardy humans. 4. The ruggedness of the Alaskan Arctic makes it one of the last few remaining pristine areas in the world. What is the main idea expressed in the passage? 1. At, the nation expanded, novelists began writing about the American frontier. 2. In their novels, Melville and Hawthorne both addressed difficult questions facing Americans. 3. The individual versus nature was one of the main themes explored in early American literature. 4. The first American literature took the form of novels that dealt with uniquely American themes. What is the main idea of the passage? 1. Conifers are the oldest trees in today's forests. 2. Climate affected the development of trees over millennia. 3. The predecessors of today's forests were giant club mosses and tree ferns.

The variety of trees in today's forests area result of millions of years of evolution. 9. What is the main idea of the passage? 1. Bird calls and songs are distinctive, meaningful, and ideal liable. 2. Birds have their own language by which they maintain contact. 3. Bird songs are complicated and used mainly by males to attract mates. 4. Birdwatchers can identify many bird calls and their meanings and learn to mimic them as well. 10. What is the main topic of the passage? 1. Whalers and missionaries introduced new kinds of foods to the people of Hawaii. 2. The natives of the South Pacific who first settled in Hawaii ate raw food, whereas other immigrants cooked theirs. 3. Hawaiian food is a combination of the foods of many peoples and a reflection of Hawaii's history. 4. Sugar plantations were worked by immigrants from Asia, who brought their native foods with them.

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Critical Reading quizz 3

Choose the correct definition (1)
Quiz Change management (by Graham Bradford)
The rate of change and development in the business world is always increasing. New competitors, new markets, new technologies, new products all result in an enterprise having to embrace change to remain successful. How can an organisation know when change is necessary? Charles Handy, a former professor at the London Business School, suggested that organisations should embrace change when they are doing well; they should not wait until things take a turn for the worse. It is doubtful that many organisations follow this advice. It is more likely that traditional indicators such as sales information can be used to decide when and what to change. Changes in the external environment need to be monitored what are your competitors planning? Do you suddenly have a new competitor? How can an organisation achieve change? Financial and accounting information can help in the planning and implementation of change. However, for Professor Senger, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this isnt enough. He suggests that a vital factor in the successful implementation of change is that organisations must learn to learn. The traditional top-down, authoritarian way of doing things is not flexible enough to cope with todays rapidly changing business environment. Senger lists five factors that help make an organisation a learning organisation: personal mastery an employees desire for lifelong learning to continually update that employees set of job skills the creative use of mental models all employees should question all aspects of a companys organisation building a shared vision the vision of the companys future must be positive, innovative, constantly evolving and something that all employees wish to achieve team learning employees need to think and learn together; teams need to learn, not just individuals systems thinking this requires a wide vision across all sectors of an organisation; in fact the concept of a sector within a company is not useful activities in a company should be seen as a whole; it is also important to recognise patterns across an organisation, even in complex circumstances. If a company can become a learning organisation then it should be able to bring about successful organisational change. 1. embrace change 1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organisation 6. become worse 7. making change happen 2. take a turn for the worse

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1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organisation 6. become worse 7. making change happen traditional indicators 1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organization 6. become worse 7. making change happen external environment 1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organization 6. become worse 7. making change happen top down 1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organization 6. become worse 7. making change happen implementation of change 1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organization 6. become worse 7. making change happen lifelong learning 1. coming from above in a hierarchy 2. sets of information that have been used for some time 3. learning as a continual activity 4. agree that change is necessary and achieve it 5. conditions outside an organization 6. become worse 7. making change happen

Critical Reading summarize

Please Summarize the text (no more than 500 words)

Digital Breakdown
Maggie Tiojakin, WEEKENDER | Tue, 07/26/2011 12:26 PM | Is there such a thing as online privacy? A few weeks ago, a friend came to me with a look on her face that made me think either someone had just killed her cat, or her (evil) cat had finally lived up to my expectations and killed someone with its super-sharp claws. That wasnt it, though. She confided in me that her parents spy on her via her Facebook, Twitter and Four Square accounts. They comment on her status and like/dislike her activities to the amusement of some of her friends, and the horror of others. Am I not entitled to my privacy? she asked me. Life in the information age involves breaking down boundaries and conquering physical distances. Thanks to the Internet, mobile technology and social media, virtually no place on Earth is left untouched. Last June, Facebook reached an incredible milestone with 500 million members; Indonesia is the third largest FB market in the world. (The FB phenomenon earned founder Mark Zuckerberg the distinction ofTIMEmagazines 2010 Person of The Year.) More than that, there is a staggering 1.8 billion cell phone subscribers worldwide nearly one-third of the worlds population many of whom have aggregated their handsets with popular social media applications that distribute personal information faster than we can download it. What with our fascination with science fiction and the drama of it all, humanitys greatest fear these days is less about monsters, ghosts or aliens and more about the loss of privacy. We often go the extra mile to protect our privacy without even realizing it: putting up fences and raising walls, installing alarms in our homes and making sure the car doors are locked. We believe we do these things to keep bad people away from us and to prevent bad things from happening to us but what we are really doing is keeping the world at arms length. Because a world without boundaries can be scary. Big Brother, the pioneering reality TV series that televises a group of strangers living together in a compound, has managed to spawn similar programs that aim to tear down the walls of individual privacy while benefiting from each participants televised tantrums and meltdowns for viewers entertainment. Younger members of society may find it entertaining to watch a group of adults acting like hormone-wrecked teenagers on TV; that is, unless they have read George Orwells dystopian novelNineteen Eighty Four in which case they would find the whole concept somewhat alarming, or at least they should. At this particular juncture in history, where social networks have become the driving force that defines who and what we are; where through location-based services we willingly notify

others of our whereabouts; and where peeking into somebodys life has turned into an international pastime, it is becoming impossible to hide or disappear. Even the FBI reportedly sometimes requests personal data about Facebook users to aid an investigation. So, you see, the world hasnt just shrunk. It has shriveled. Suddenly, everybody can look into our virtual backyards, even into our bedrooms. And cyberspace has become this new and contagious world where information travels at the speed of light, while we the bearers of that information gradually lose control of it. Every day, more than 500 billion pieces of data are exchanged via social media applications, and millions of novice and professional hackers are using that data as target practice, testing their technical acuity to determine how to best access all this free-floating information, which includes photos, videos, digital questionnaires, music, journal entries and so on. And thanks to virtual tagging, our names are popping up in places we never imagined they would. Now everyone can Google their own profile, or the profile of someone who is long dead, but whose social networking accounts remain as alive as ever. Yet with all the noise over privacy violations, this is one innovation we cant undo. We cant disconnect ourselves from each other (even if we delete our social networking account, our information continues to float around in cyberspace, waiting for some teenage hacker to discover it) and we cant go back to the way things were, when walls and fences had more merit than bridges. This is a time of no-holds-barred. But privacy must be protected and appreciated for what it is. Online, privacy has been manipulated for wider access and remolded to fit the needs of advertisers and various commercial schemes; offline, we are entitled to our own private space. My friends demand for privacy on social networks is an oxymoron. Should she de-friend her parents? Block them from her account? Maybe, maybe not. I told her to sit down with them and work it out. She rewarded me with another sour look, somewhat akin to flipping me the bird. Well, thats how it is in the age of Facebook. We cant actually interface face-to-face. Available from: Tuesday, 31 January 2012, 12:40 am Due date: Tuesday, 7 February 2012, 12:40 am Upload a file (Max size: 1MB)

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