Hrycyk and Miranda 1 CONCEPT PRESENTATION C SUMMARY Solving Genetic Pro le!

" #P$nnett S%$are"&' Grade 11 Univer"ity Pre(aration )o*n Miranda and Ok"ana Hrycyk +ackgro$nd In,or!ation' P$nnett S%$are" A P$nnett "%$are i" a diagra! $"ed to ill$"trate t*e ty(e" o, ga!ete" (rod$ced a" -ell a" t*e genetic co! ination" t*at !ig*t occ$r at ,ertili.ation o, t*o"e ga!ete"/ It -a" ,ir"t introd$ced y a +riti"* !at*e!atician Reginald P$nnett in 10123 and i" $"ed e4ten"ively to deter!ine t*e likeli*ood #ie/ (ro a ility& t*at a certain genetic event -ill occ$r/ P$nnett "%$are" are $"ed to de(ict !ono*y rid cro""e" and di*y rid cro""e"/ A !ono*y rid cro"" i" a cro"" et-een *y rid" o, a "ingle trait/ It ill$"trate" Mendel5" la- o, "egregation3 -*ic* "tate" t*at t-o allele" o, a "ingle trait "egregate d$ring ga!ete ,or!ation3 t*en rando!ly $nite3 one ,ro! eac* (arent3 at ,ertili.ation/ 6or e4a!(le3 -*en cro""ing *o!o.ygo$" do!inant ($r(le #PP& ,lo-ered (lant -it* *o!o.ygo$" rece""ive -*ite #((& ,lo-ered (lant3 t*e ($r(le (arent donate" ga!ete" -it* only P allele" and t*e -*ite (arent donate" ga!ete" -it* only ( allele"3 re"$lting in 61 (rogeny t*at are *y rid" #or *etero.ygo$" P(& and are all identical/ Cro""ing a !ale and ,e!ale ,ro! t*e 61 (rogeny i" called a !ono*y rid cro""3 a" t*e !ale and ,e!ale *ave *y rid genoty(e"3 and -e are cro""ing only a "ingle trait3 colo$r o, ,lo-er"/ T*e !ale can donate eit*er P or ( ga!ete" and t*e ,e!ale can donate eit*er P or ( ga!ete"3 "o t*e re"$ltant 67 generation3 t*e (rogeny o, t*e 61 *y rid"3 *a" a (*enoty(ic ratio o, 8 ($r(le9 1 -*ite and a genoty(ic ratio o, 1PP9 7P( 9 1((/ 6ro! a (ro a ility (er"(ective3 t*e (ro a ility o, t*e 67 (rogeny *aving ($r(le ,lo-er" i" : or ;<=3 -*ile t*e (ro a ility o, -*ite ,lo-er" i" > or 7<=/ 6IGURE 19 Mono*y rid Cro"" #7& ?i*y rid cro""e" -ork in !$c* t*e "a!e -ay3 $t t*i" ti!e *yr rid" o, t-o trait" are eing cro""ed3 re"$lting in a 0989891 ratio (*enoty(ic ratio/ ?i*y rid cro""e" ill$"trate" Mendel5" la- o, inde(endent a""ort!ent3 -*ic* "tate" t*e allele" o, di,,erent trait" "egregate or a""ort inde(endently o, one anot*er/

Mono*y rid

Hrycyk and Miranda 7 cro""e" and di*y rid cro""e" are good e4a!(le" to introd$ce t*e "olving o, genetic (ro le!" $"ing P$nnett "%$are"/ @*en "olving a genetic (ro le!3 ,ir"t !ake "$re to read t*e %$e"tion t*oro$g*ly and li"t t*e in,or!ation "$((lied to yo$/ @rite do-n t*e genoty(e" and (*enoty(e" o, t*e (arent" or o,,"(ring de(ending on -*at i" given3 a""ign "y! ol" ,or t*e allele" and indicate t*e genoty(e"/ ?ra- diagra! and "et $( P$nnett "%$are" to *el( "olve t*e (ro le!/ E4a!(le9 6r$it ,lie" *ave do!inant allele" ,or nor!al -ing"3 T3 and rece""ive allele" ,or tiny -ing"3 t3 a" -ell a" do!inant allele" ,or nor!al3 oval eye"3 N3 and rece""ive allele" ,or narroeye"3 n/ A ,e!ale ,r$it ,ly t*at i" *etero.ygo$" ,or -ing "i.e and *o!o.ygo$" rece""ive ,or eye "*a(e i" !ated -it* a !ale ,r$it ,ly t*at i" *etero.ygo$" ,or -ing "i.e and *o!o.ygo$" ,or eye "*a(e/ @*at i" t*e (ro a ility t*at t*eir o,,"(ring -ill *ave nor!al (*enoty(e" ,or ot* trait"A #1& 6e!ale ,r$it ,ly genoty(e9 Tt nn Male ,r$it ,ly genoty(e9 Tt Nn 6e!ale ,r$it ,ly donate t*e ,ollo-ing allele"9 T3 t and n Male ,r$it ,ly donate t*e ,ollo-ing allele"9 T3 t3 N and n P$nnett "%$are9 B MACE ACCES TN Tn tN tn 6EMACE ACCECES Tn TT Nn TT nn Tt Nn Tt nn tn Tt Nn Tt nn tt Nn tt nn

T*ere i" a total o, D (o""i le (*enoty(e" ,or 619 ' Nor!al -ing"3 nor!al eye" ' Nor!al -ing"3 narro- eye" ' Tiny -ing"3 nor!al eye" ' Tiny -ing"3 narro- eye" T*e (*enoty(ic ratio ,or t*i" cro"" i"9 8 nor!al -ing"3 nor!al eye" 9 8 nor!al -ing"3 narro- eye"9 1 tiny -ing"3 nor!al eye"9 1 tiny -ing"3 narro- eye" #8989191& T*ere,ore3 t*e (ro a ility t*at t*e (rogeny -ill *ave nor!al -ing" and nor!al eye" i" 8EF or 8;/<=/ Advance Pre(aration

Hrycyk and Miranda 8 Prior to learning a o$t P$nnett S%$are" and to "olving genetic (ro le!"3 "t$dent" -o$ld *ave to e ,a!iliar -it* t*e di,,erence" et-een genoty(e and (*enoty(eG ?NA3 gene" and allele"G rece""ive3 do!inant3 codo!inant and inco!(lete do!inant trait"G and *etero.ygo$" and *o!o.ygo$" trait"/ St$dent" -o$ld al"o *ave to t*oro$g*ly $nder"tand t*e Mendelian la-"9 t*e la- o, "egregation and t*e la- o, inde(endent a""ort!ent3 and *o- Mendel ca!e to t*e di"covery o, t*e"e la-"/ St$dent" !$"t e ,a!iliar -it* t*e conce(t" o, arti,icial "election3 *y rid"3 (arental #P& generation and ,ilial generation" #613 67 etc/&3 !ono*y rid and di*y rid cro""e"3 and "e4'linked trait" a" -ell a" a general $nder"tanding o, !eio"i"3 ga!ete ,or!ation and ,ertili.ation/ 6or t*e !at*e!atic" involved -it* P$nnett "%$are"3 "t$dent" !$"t *ave a a"ic $nder"tanding o, (ro a ility and ino!ial di"tri $tion"/ Teac*ing Idea" @e needed to tran"!it t*e kno-ledge o, !at*e!atic" and genetic" y targeting "t$dent" o, di,,erent learning "tyle"9 CogicalEMat*e!atical9 -ork"*eet" and (ro a ility e4erci"e" Cing$i"tic9 ?e ate"3 re"earc*3 and cla"" di"c$""ion" a" -ell a" re,lection (a(er" +odily kine"t*etic9 Role'(lay -it* allele" in t*e gy!/ Hi"$alES(atial9 Gi.!o" la C$rric$l$! E4(ectation" T*e"e le""on" -ill ,$l,ill t*e ,ollo-ing c$rric$l$! e4(ectation"9 ?7/8 $"e t*e P$nnett "%$are !et*od to "olve a"ic genetic" (ro le!" involving !ono*y rid cro""e"3 inco!(lete do!inance3 codo!inance3 di*y rid cro""e"3 and "e4'linked gene" ?8/8 e4(lain t*e conce(t" o, genoty(e3 (*enoty(e3 do!inance3 inco!(lete do!inance3 codo!inance3 rece""ivene""3 and "e4 linkage according to Mendelian la-" o, in*eritance Ce""on Se%$ence Several le""on" -ill e re%$ired ,or "t$dent" to ,$lly $nder"tand genetic" and genetic (ro le!"/ Here i" a "$gge"ted "e%$ence o, (rogre""ive le""on" t*at -ill *el( (re(are "t$dent" ,or "olving genetic (ro le!"9 I I I I I I Ce""on One9 Genoty(e H"/ P*enoty(e/ Ce""on T-o9 ?NA and Allele"/ Ce""on T*ree9 Rece""ivene"" and do!inance/ Ce""on 6o$r9 Mendelian Ca-"/ Ce""on 6ive9 !ono*y rid cro""e"3 di*y rid cro""e"3 and "e4'linked gene"/ Ce""on Si49 Solving Genetic (ro le!" -it* P$nnett "%$are"/

Hrycyk and Miranda D Potential St$dent ?i,,ic$ltie" and Sol$tion" T*e !ain (ro le! -e ,ore"ee "t$dent" *aving i" -it* t*e !at*e!atic" involved -it* P$nnett S%$are"3 "(eci,ically (ro a ilitie" and ino!ial di"tri $tion"/ St$dent" -ill need to a((ly t*e Mendelian la-" and deter!ine (ro a ilitie" to !ake (rediction" on t*e genoty(e" andEor (*enoty(e" o, t*e (rogeny/ One !et*od t*at !ay *el( overco!e t*i" di,,ic$lty i" to "(end a (eriod revie-ing t*e"e !at* conce(t"3 a" -ell a" -orking t*ro$g* vario$" a((lica le (ro a ility (ro le!" to clari,y t*e !et*odology3 incl$ding ti(" and trick"/ T*e"e (ro le!" do not *ave to e genetic"' a"ed3 $t can e any ty(ical (ro a ility (ro le!3 like rolling dice3 dra-ing (laying card" etc/ Anot*er (ro le! "t$dent" !ay *ave i" $nder"tanding t*e notion" o, allele"3 loci and gene"3 a" t*ey all can e conceived a" "o!e-*at "i!ilar/ An allele i" t*e vario$" alternate ,or!" o, a "ingle gene3 and t*at "ingle gene can *ave !any allele"/ A loc$"3 on t*e ot*er *and3 i" any "(eci,ic location on a c*ro!o"o!e/ @e t*ink t*e "$gge"ted Allele" Gi.!o" Ca and t*e Allele" Role Play !ay *el( clari,y t*e"e di,,erence" a" -ell a" clari,y vario$" ot*er %$e"tion" a o$t allele" and gene" t*at !ay ari"e/ Ca"tly3 "t$dent" !ay *ave (ro le!" di"ting$i"*ing et-een t*e Mendelian la-"9 t*e lao, "egregation and t*e la- o, inde(endent a""ort!ent/ T*e"e t-o la-" are %$ite "i!ilar3 $t de,ine di,,erent idea"/ T*e la- o, "egregation "tate" t*at t-o allele" o, a "ingle trait "egregate d$ring ga!ete ,or!ation and t*en one allele ,ro! eac* (arent rando!ly $nite at ,ertili.ation3 -*ile t*e la- o, inde(endent a""ort!ent "tate" t*at di,,erent (air" o, allele" "egregate inde(endently o, eac* ot*er/ Again3 -e "$gge"t t*e Allele" Gi.!o" Ca and t*e Allele" Role Play along -it* clear de,inition" and e4a!(le" to *el( clari,y any !i"$nder"tanding"/ ?i,,erentiated A""e""!ent T*ro$g*o$t t*e (rogre""ive le""on" regarding genetic (ro le!"3 vario$" ,or!" o, a""e""!ent -ill e a((lied to deter!ine t*e level o, "t$dent $nder"tanding/ Prior to introd$cing P$nnett S%$are"3 a diagno"tic %$i. -ill e ad!ini"tered te"ting "t$dent kno-ledge in (ro a ility and (ro a ility (ro le!"/ T*i" -ill *el( ga$ge *o- !$c* ti!e3 a" a cla""3 !$"t e "(ent revie-ing (ro a ility !et*odology/ 6or!ative a""e""!ent" -ill al"o e ad!ini"tered/ T*e "t$dent" -ill e e4(ected to *and in t*e St$dent E4(loration @ork"*eet a""ociated -it* t*e Allele" Gi.!o" Ca 3 -*ic* -ill e !arked ,or Jno-ledge and Under"tanding3 and T*inking and In%$iry/ Al"o3 "t$dent" -ill e a""e""ed d$ring t*e Allele Role Play activity ,or Jno-ledge and Under"tanding a" -ell a" Co!!$nication/ 6$rt*er!ore3 "t$dent" -ill -rite one or t-o %$i..e" a""e""ing t*e (rogre"" o, t*eir $nder"tanding3 incl$ding de,inition"3 P$nnett "%$are" and genetic (ro le!"/ 6inally3 "t$dent" -ill e a""e""ed daily on t*eir oral re"(on"e" d$ring in cla"" di"c$""ion"/ 6or "$!!ative a""e""!ent3 "t$dent" -ill -rite a genetic" $nit te"t -*ic* -ill a""e"" all t*e learning "kill" and -ill incl$de vario$" de,inition" and t*e "olving o, vario$" genetic (ro le!"/

Annotated Re,erence"

Hrycyk and Miranda < 1/ Hart-ell et al/#711F&/ Genetic"9 6ro! Gene" to Geno!e"/ McGra-'Hill3 Ne- York/ T*i" ook -a" $"ed (ri!arily a" a "o$rce o, ackgro$nd in,or!ation on Mendelian genetic"3 (ro a ility3 P$nnett "%$are" and "olving genetic (ro le!"/ Alt*o$g* t*e !aterial (re"ented in t*i" te4t ook !ay e a it advanced ,or grade 11 "t$dent"3 it i" an e4cellent re"o$rce to re,re"* a teac*er5" $nder"tanding o, genetic"3 a" -ell a" o,,er" "o!e e4cellent3 genetic" related di"c$""ion to(ic"/ 7/ Pitoc*elli3 )ay/ #7111&/ K Cect$re Note" ,or Genetic"L/ Retrieved Nove! er ;3 7111 ,ro! *tt(9EE---/an"el!/ed$E*o!e(ageEM(itocc*Egen ioEgenetic"not/*t!l/ T*i" "ite too -a" $"ed (ri!arily a" ackgro$nd in,or!ation/ Al"o3 6IGURE 1 -a" retrieved ,ro! t*i" "ite/ I ,o$nd t*e"e -e "ite" $"e,$l9 1/ Practical a((lication" o, genetic" in !edicine and "$rgery/ *tt(9EE---/nc i/nl!/ni*/govE(!cEarticle"EPMC1F1;71<E(d,E r!edM17<;2'1170/(d, 7/ Medical a((lication" *tt(9EE---/ io(*age/co!Egenetic'engineering/*t!l 8/ ?i"ea"e diagno"i" and (revention t*ro$g* genetic tec*nology9 *tt(9EE---/!ic*ener/caEceE(o"tdi(lo!aEgenetic"Ntec*nology/(*(O-*at