1.

0 Executive Summary

Deviation

Guide Word

Causes

Consequences

Action

7.0 HAZOP

pH of sample

HIGH

pH meter malfunction

LOW

pH meter malfunction

Concentration of HCL

HIGH LOW

Human error Human error Human error Human error Flocculator malfunction COD Test tube heater malfunction

Concentration of NaOH

HIGH LOW

Stirring speed

HIGH

Abnormalities in data recording Hazardous upon contact with skin Abnormalities in data recording Hazardous upon contact with skin Hazardous upon contact with skin Hazardous upon contact with skin Hazardous upon contact with skin Hazardous upon contact with skin Splashing of sample from beaker Abnormalities in data recording Burnt upon contact with skin Abnormalities in data recording Abnormalities in data recording Abnormalities in data recording Abnormalities in data recording Abnormalities in data recording

Regular calibration and maintenance Wear PPE Regular calibration and maintenance Wear PPE Wear PPE Wear PPE Wear PPE Wear PPE Ensure level allowance in beaker Regular calibration and maintenance Wear PPE Regular calibration and maintenance Double checking by lab mates Double checking by lab mates Double checking by lab mates Double checking by lab mates

Temperature of COD sample

HIGH

LOW Concentration of PAC HIGH LOW Concentration of AN 910 SH HIGH LOW

COD Test tube heater malfunction Human error Human error Human error Human error

2.0 Safety Assessment

3.0 Introduction

4.0 Aims and Objectives

Aim

Objectives

The experiment is conducted to investigate the optimum conditions for coagulation-flocculation process by using alum as the coagulant and PAC as flocculants in a POME treatment. There are five different variables conducted in the experiment namely, concentration of flocculants, concentration of coagulant, setting time, stirring speed and pH value of POME.

5.0 Literature Review and Comments

6.0 Experimental Planning and Development 7.0 Methods

8.0 Results and Discussion 9.0 Discussion of Uncertainty and Error

10.0 Conclusions, Recommendations and Future Work