Nguyn c Mnh

L lun chung v u thu & Lp h s d thu Trong hot ng xy dng

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Nguyn c Mnh

1.

Khi qut v u thu

u thu l qu trnh la chn nh thu p ng cc yu cu ca bn mi thu thc hin gi thu thuc cc d n theo quy nh (ca lut u thu) trn c s bo m tnh cnh tranh, cng bng, minh bch v hiu qu kinh t. Cng tc u thu m bo s cnh tranh cng khai, lnh mnh v bnh ng gia cc nh thu nhm to c hi nhn hp ng trn c s p ng yu cu ca ch u t trong h s mi thu. 1.1. Tc dng ca u thu Vi ch u t: La chn c nh thu c nng lc p ng cc yu cu v k thut, ti chnh, tin m bo cht lng cng trnh, thi gian, tit kim vn u t vi gi c hp l nht, chng li tnh trng c quyn v gi. i vi nh thu: m bo tnh cng bng gia cc thnh phn kinh t, khng phn bit i x gia cc nh thu. Kch thch cc nh thu cnh tranh nhau ginh c hp ng. Mun nh vy cc nh thu phi khng ngng nng cao trnh , cng ngh a ra cc gii php thi cng tt nht thng thu, lun c trch nhim cao i vi cng vic, cht lng sn phm, thi gian thi cng nng cao uy tn i vi khch hng. i vi nh nc: To c s nh gi tim nng ca cc n v kinh t, t c cc chnh sch x hi thch hp. Ngn chn biu hin tiu cc din ra, trnh c s thin v c quyn, c li, mc ngoc ring vi nhau lm tht thot vn u t ca nh nc nh phng thc giao thu trc y. Thng qua u thu to tin qun l ti chnh ca cc d n cng nh cc doanh nghip xy dng c hiu qu. 1.2. Cc giai on la chn nh thu Vic la chn nh thu c thc hin theo hai giai on: - Giai on s tuyn la chn nh thu: Vic s tuyn nh thu c thc hin trc khi t chc u thu nhm chn c cc nh thu nng lc v kinh nghim theo yu cu ca gi thu mi tham gia u thu; i vi cc gi thu mua sm hng ho, gi thu EPC c gi gi thu t ba trm t ng tr ln, gi thu xy lp c gi gi thu t hai trm t ng tr ln phi c tin hnh s tuyn.

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Trnh t thc hin s tuyn bao gm lp h s mi s tuyn; thng bo mi s tuyn; tip nhn v qun l h s d s tuyn; nh gi h s d s tuyn; trnh v ph duyt kt qu s tuyn; thng bo kt qu s tuyn. Tiu chun nh gi h s d s tuyn phi c nu trong h s mi s tuyn theo mu h s mi s tuyn do Chnh ph quy nh bao gm tiu chun v nng lc k thut, tiu chun v nng lc ti chnh v tiu chun v kinh nghim. - Giai on u thu: Ch u t cung cp h s mi thu cho cc nh thu c la chn vo giai on u thu. Nh thu tham d u thu phi np h s d thu km theo bo l nh d thu. Khi mun sa i hoc rt h s d thu np, nh thu phi c vn bn ngh v bn mi thu ch chp thun nu nhn c vn bn ngh ca nh thu trc thi im ng thu; vn bn ngh rt h s d thu phi c gi ring bit vi h s d thu. * Trnh t thc hin s tuyn:
1.

Lp h s mi s tuyn

Bn mi thu lp h s mi s tuyn trnh ch u t ph duyt. H s mi s tuyn bao gm thng tin ch dn v gi thu v cc yu cu sau y i vi nh thu: a) Yu cu v nng lc k thut; b) Yu cu v nng lc ti chnh; c) Yu cu v kinh nghim. Tiu chun nh gi h s d s tuyn c xy dng theo tiu ch t, khng t v cn c nu trong h s mi s tuyn, bao gm tiu chun i vi tng yu cu v nng lc k thut, v nng lc ti chnh v v kinh nghim. i vi gi thu xy lp, gi thu la chn tng thu xy dng, tr tng thu thit k, tiu chun nh gi h s d s tuyn cn phi ph hp vi yu cu v iu kin nng lc i vi tng loi, cp cng trnh xy dng theo quy nh ca Lut Xy dng.
2.

Thng bo mi s tuyn

Thng bo mi s tuyn phi c ng ti trn t bo v u thu 3 k lin tip v trn trang thng tin in t v u thu; i vi u thu quc t cn
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Nguyn c Mnh

phi ng ti ng thi trn mt t bo ting Anh c pht hnh rng r i trong nc. Sau khi ng ti theo quy nh trn c th ng trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng khc. H s mi s tuyn c cung cp min ph cho cc nh thu sau 10 ngy, k t ngy ng ti u tin thng bo mi s tuyn v c ko di n thi im ht hn np h s d s tuyn (ng s tuyn).
3.

Tip nhn v qun l h s d s tuyn

Bn mi thu tip nhn h s d s tuyn do cc nh thu np v qun l theo ch qun l h s mt. H s d s tuyn c np theo ng yu cu nu trong h s mi s tuyn s c m cng khai ngay sau thi im ng s tuyn. H s d s tuyn c gi n sau thi im ng s tuyn s khng c m v c bn mi thu gi tr li nh thu theo nguyn trng.
4.

nh gi h s d s tuyn

Vic nh gi h s d s tuyn do bn mi thu thc hin theo tiu chun nh gi nu trong h s mi s tuyn.
5.

Trnh v ph duyt kt qu s tuyn

Bn mi thu chu trch nhim trnh ch u t ph duyt kt qu s tuyn.

6.

Thng bo kt qu s tuyn

Sau khi ch u t ph duyt kt qu s tuyn, bn mi thu c trch nhim thng bo bng vn bn v kt qu s tuyn n cc nh thu tham d s tuyn mi tham gia u thu. 1.3. Cc hnh thc la chn nh thu Ty theo tnh cht, quy m, ngun vn xy dng cng trnh, c th s dng cc hnh thc u thu sau: - u thu rng r i: u thu rng r i c thc hin la chn nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh v khng hn ch s lng nh thu tham gia. Bn mi thu phi thng bo rng r i trn phng tin thng tin i chng v iu kin, thi gian np h s d thu ti thiu 10 ngy trc khi pht hnh h s mi thu v chu trch nhim cng b trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng kt qu xt thu, gi trng thu. - u thu hn ch:
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u thu hn ch c p dng trong cc trng hp sau y: + Theo yu cu ca nh ti tr nc ngoi i vi ngun vn s dng cho gi thu; + Gi thu c yu cu cao v k thut hoc k thut c tnh c th; gi thu c tnh cht nghin cu, th nghim m ch c mt s nh thu c kh nng p ng yu cu ca gi thu. Khi thc hin u thu hn ch, phi mi ti thiu nm nh thu c xc nh l c nng lc v kinh nghim tham gia u thu; trng hp thc t c t hn nm nh thu, ch u t phi trnh ngi c thm quyn xem xt, quyt nh cho php tip tc t chc u thu hn ch hoc p dng hnh thc la chn khc. - Ch nh thu: Ch nh thu l hnh thc ch nh trc tip nh thu c iu kin nng lc hot ng xy dng thc hin cng vic vi gi hp l. Hnh thc ny c thc hin trong cc trng hp sau: + Cng trnh b mt Nh nc, cng trnh xy dng theo lnh khn cp, cng trnh tm; + Cng trnh c tnh cht nghin cu th nghim; + Cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh xy dng c quy m nh, n gin theo quy nh ca Chnh ph; + Tu b, tn to, phc hi cc cng trnh di sn vn ha, di tch lch s vn ha; + Cc trng hp c bit khc c ngi c thm quyn quyt nh u t cho php. Ngoi ra trong lut u thu cn quy nh thm cc hnh thc la chn nh thu l: Mua sm trc tip, cho hng cnh tranh trong mua sm hng ha, t thc hin, la chn nh thu trong trng hp c bit. 1.4. Cc phng thc u thu - Phng thc u thu mt ti h s: c p dng i vi hnh thc u thu rng r i v u thu hn ch cho gi thu mua sm hng ha, xy lp, gi thu EPC. Nh thu np h s d

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thu gm xut v k thut v xut v ti chnh theo yu cu ca h s mi thu. Vic m thu c tin hnh mt ln. - Phng thc u thu hai ti h s: c p dng i vi u thu rng r i v u thu hn ch trong u thu cung cp dch v t vn. Nh thu np xut v k thut v xut v ti chnh ring bit theo yu cu ca h s mi thu. Vic m thu c tin hnh hai ln; trong , xut v k thut s c m trc nh gi, xut v ti chnh ca tt c cc nh thu c xut k thut c nh gi l p ng yu cu c m sau nh gi tng hp. Trng hp gi thu c yu cu k thut cao th xut v ti chnh ca nh thu t s im k thut cao nht s c m xem xt, thng tho. - Phng thc u thu hai giai on: c p dng i vi hnh thc u thu rng r i, u thu hn ch cho gi thu mua sm hng ha, xy lp, gi thu EPC c k thut, cng ngh mi, phc tp, a dng v c thc hin theo trnh t sau y: + Trong giai on mt, theo h s mi thu giai on mt, cc nh thu np xut v k thut, phng n ti chnh nhng cha c gi d thu; trn c s trao i vi tng nh thu tham gia giai on ny s xc nh h s mi thu giai on hai. + Trong giai on hai, theo h s mi thu giai on hai, cc nh thu tham gia giai on mt c mi np h s d thu giai on hai bao gm: xut v k thut; xut v ti chnh, trong c gi d thu; bin php bo m d thu. 1.5. iu kin tham gia u thu

1.5.1. T cch hp l ca nh thu a. T cch hp l ca nh thu l t chc Nh thu l t chc c t cch hp l khi c cc iu kin sau y: - Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t c cp theo quy nh ca php lut hoc c quyt nh thnh lp i vi cc t chc khng c ng k kinh doanh trong trng hp l nh thu trong nc; c ng k hot ng do c quan c thm quyn ca nc m nh thu mang quc tch cp trong trng hp l nh thu nc ngoi; - Hch ton kinh t c lp;
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- Khng b c quan c thm quyn kt lun v tnh hnh ti chnh khng lnh mnh, ang lm vo tnh trng ph sn hoc n ng khng c kh nng chi tr; ang trong qu trnh gii th. b. T cch hp l ca nh thu l c nhn Nh thu l c nhn c t cch hp l khi c cc iu kin sau y: - Nng lc hnh vi dn s y theo quy nh php lut ca nc m c nhn l cng dn; - ng k hot ng hp php hoc chng ch chuyn mn ph hp do c quan c thm quyn cp; - Khng b truy cu trch nhim hnh s. 1.5.2. iu kin tham gia u thu Nh thu tham gia u thu i vi mt gi thu phi c cc iu kin sau y: - C t cch hp l; - Ch c tham gia trong mt h s d thu i vi mt gi thu vi t cch l nh thu c lp hoc l nh thu lin danh. Trng hp lin danh phi c vn bn tha thun gia cc thnh vin, trong quy nh r ngi ng u ca lin danh, trch nhim chung v trch nhim ring ca tng thnh vin i vi cng vic thuc gi thu; - p ng yu cu nu trong thng bo mi thu hoc th mi thu ca bn mi thu; - Bo m cnh tranh trong u thu; c th l: + Nh thu t vn lp bo co nghin cu kh thi khng c tham gia u thu cung cp dch v t vn lp thit k k thut ca d n, nh thu t vn tham gia thit k k thut ca d n khng c tham gia u thu cc bc tip theo, tr trng hp i vi gi thu EPC; + Nh thu tham gia u thu phi c lp v t chc, khng cng ph thuc vo mt c quan qun l v c lp v ti chnh vi nh thu t vn lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s d thu; + Nh thu t vn gim st thc hin hp ng phi c lp v t chc, khng cng ph thuc vo mt c quan qun l v c lp v ti chnh vi nh thu thc hin hp ng;

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Nguyn c Mnh

+ Nh thu tham gia u thu cc gi thu thuc d n phi c lp v t chc, khng cng ph thuc vo mt c quan qun l v c lp v ti chnh vi ch u t ca d n. 1.6. Cc hnh vi b cm trong u thu
1.

a, nhn hoc i hi bt c th g c gi tr ca c nhn v t chc c lin quan n qu trnh la chn nh thu, thc hin hp ng dn n nhng hnh ng thiu trung thc, khng khch quan trong vic quyt nh la chn nh thu, k kt, thc hin hp ng. Dng nh hng c nhn tc ng, can thip hoc c bo co sai hoc khng trung thc v cc thng tin lm sai lch kt qu la chn nh thu, k kt, thc hin hp ng.
2.

Cu kt, thng ng gia bn mi thu vi nh thu, gia c quan qun l nh nc vi bn mi thu v vi nh thu thay i h s d thu, thng ng vi c quan thm nh, thanh tra lm nh hng n li ch ca tp th, li ch ca quc gia.
3.

T chc hoc c nhn va tham gia nh gi h s d thu va thm nh kt qu la chn nh thu i vi cng mt gi thu.
4.

Nu yu cu v nh n hiu, xut x hng ho c th trong h s mi thu i vi u thu mua sm hng ho, xy lp hoc gi thu EPC.
5.

Tham gia u thu vi t cch l nh thu i vi gi thu do mnh lm bn mi thu.

6. 7. 8.

Chia d n thnh cc gi thu tri vi quy nh.

Nh thu tham gia u thu cung cp hng ho, xy lp cho gi thu do mnh cung cp dch v t vn, tr trng hp i vi gi thu EPC.
9.

Tit l nhng ti liu, thng tin v u thu sau y:

- Ni dung h s mi thu trc thi im pht hnh theo quy nh; - Ni dung cc h s d thu, cc s tay ghi chp, cc bin bn cuc hp xt thu, cc kin nhn xt, nh gi ca chuyn gia hoc nh thu t vn i vi tng h s d thu trc khi cng b kt qu la chn nh thu; - Cc yu cu lm r h s d thu ca bn mi thu v tr li ca nh thu trong qu trnh nh gi h s d thu trc khi cng b kt qu la chn nh thu;

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Nguyn c Mnh

- Bo co ca bn mi thu, bo co ca t chuyn gia, bo co ca nh thu t vn, bo co ca c quan chuyn mn c lin quan trong qu trnh u thu, xt thu v thm nh trc khi cng b kt qu la chn nh thu; - Kt qu la chn nh thu trc khi c php cng b theo quy nh; - Cc ti liu u thu c lin quan khc c ng du bo mt theo quy nh ca php lut v bo mt. Sp t cha m , cha m v hoc cha m chng, v hoc chng, con , con nui, con du, con r, anh ch em rut tham gia cc gi thu m mnh lm bn mi thu hoc l thnh vin t chuyn gia u thu, t chuyn gia thm nh kt qu la chn nh thu hoc l ngi ph duyt kt qu la chn nh thu.
10.

Lm tri quy nh qun l vn, gy kh khn trong th tc cp pht, thanh quyt ton theo hp ng k gia ch u t v nh thu.
11.

Dn xp, thng ng gia hai hay nhiu nh thu mt nh thu trng thu trong cng mt gi thu, gia nh thu thc hin gi thu v nh thu t vn gim st thc hin, gia nh thu thc hin gi thu v c quan, t chc c giao nhim v nghim thu kt qu thc hin.
12.

tn tham gia u thu cc gi thu thuc cc d n do c quan, t chc m mnh cng tc trong thi hn mt nm k t khi thi vic ti c quan, t chc . Cho nh thu khc s dng t cch ca mnh tham gia u thu hoc chuyn nhng cho nh thu khc thc hin hp ng sau khi trng thu.
14.

13. ng

Li dng vic kin ngh trong u thu cn tr qu trnh u thu v k kt hp ng, cn tr cc nh thu khc tham gia u thu.
15.

p dng cc hnh thc la chn nh thu khng phi l hnh thc u thu rng r i khi khng iu kin theo quy nh.
16.

T chc u thu khi ngun vn cho gi thu cha c xc nh dn ti tnh trng n ng vn ca nh thu.
17.

1.7. danh.

Quyn v ngha v ca nh thu - Tham gia u thu vi t cch l nh thu c lp hoc nh thu lin - Yu cu bn mi thu lm r h s mi thu.

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- Thc hin cc cam kt theo hp ng vi ch u t v cam kt vi nh thu ph (nu c). - Kin ngh, khiu ni, t co trong u thu. - Tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v u thu. - Bo m trung thc, chnh xc trong qu trnh tham gia u thu, kin ngh, khiu ni, t co trong u thu. - Bi thng thit hi cho cc bn lin quan nu thit hi do li ca mnh gy ra theo quy nh ca php lut. 2. 2.1. H thng nh mc kinh t k thut trong xy dng Khi qut chung

nh mc kinh t k thut l cc tr s quy nh v mc tiu hao t liu lao ng (my mc, thit b, vt liu) v nhn cng hon thnh mt sn phm xy dng no c dng phc v sn xut, thi cng hay lp gi d ton trong xy dng. nh mc kinh t k thut c lp trn c s cc s liu quan st, thng k thc t m bo tnh khoa hc v thc tin, phn nh ng trnh cng ngh v trnh t chc sn xut trong xy dng mt giai on nht nh. Mc ch ch yu ca h thng nh mc kinh t k thut l nhm m bo cht lng sn phm, tit kim chi ph x hi, bo m cc kt qu v hiu qu kinh t x hi ca cc phng n sn xut. H thng nh mc kinh t k thut l c s kim tra cht lng sn phm v mt k thut, kim tra cc chi ph v hiu qu v mt kinh t x hi ca cc qu trnh sn xut. Trong lnh vc kinh t k thut, cc i tng kinh t k thut y l cc t liu lao ng, i tng lao ng, qu trnh s dng lao ng cho sn xut, sn phm tiu dng cho sinh hot, cc qu trnh thit k, cng ngh ch to, qu trnh t chc sn xut v qun l kinh t Trong lnh vc xy dng nc ta hin nay, vai tr qun l sn phm xy dng ca Nh nc cn rt ln v phn ln cc cng trnh xy dng hin nay s dng ngn sch Nh nc. V vy, Nh nc thng qua vic ban hnh h thng nh mc xy dng qun l chi ph d n u t xy dng cng

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trnh nhm m bo mc tiu, hiu qu d n u t xy dng cng trnh v cc yu cu khch quan ca kinh t th trng. Ngh nh 99/2007/N-CP quy nh, h thng nh mc xy dng bao gm nhm nh mc kinh t k thut v nhm cc nh mc t l: - nh mc kinh t k thut l cn c lp n gi xy dng cng trnh, gi xy dng tng hp. Bao gm: nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh; nh mc d ton sa cha trong xy dng cng trnh; nh mc vt t trong xy dng; nh mc lp t my, thit b; nh mc th nghim vt liu, cu kin v kt cu xy dng - nh mc t l dng xc nh chi ph ca mt s loi cng vic, chi ph trong u t xy dng bao gm: t vn u t xy dng, cng trnh ph tr, chun b cng trng, chi ph chung, thu nhp chu thu tnh trc v mt s cng vic, chi ph khc. H thng nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh bao gm nhiu loi nh mc c trng v quy nh cho cc lnh vc khc nhau ca qu trnh xy dng. 2.2. nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng cng trnh nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng cng trnh c xc nh trn c s cc yu cu v ni dung v sn phm ca cng vic qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng; ph hp vi quy nh v phn loi, phn cp, bc thit k xy dng cng trnh. 2.2.1. nh mc chi ph qun l d n nh mc chi ph qun l d n bao gm cc chi ph t chc thc hin cc cng vic qun l d n t giai on chun b d n, thc hin d n n khi hon thnh, nghim thu bn giao, a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng, bao gm: - Chi ph t chc lp bo co u t, lp d n u t, lp bo co kinh t k thut; - Chi ph t chc thc hin cng tc bi thng gii phng mt bng thuc trch nhim ca ch u t; - Chi ph t chc thm nh d n u t, bo co kinh t k thut; chi ph t chc thm tra thit k k thut, thit k bn v thi cng, d ton xy dng cng trnh;

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- Chi ph t chc thi tuyn thit k kin trc; - Chi ph t chc la chn nh thu trong hot ng xy dng; - Chi ph t chc qun l cht lng, khi lng, tin , chi ph xy dng; - Chi ph t chc m bo an ton, v sinh mi trng ca cng trnh; - Chi ph t chc lp nh mc, n gi xy dng cng trnh; - Chi ph t chc kim tra cht lng vt liu, kim nh cht lng cng trnh theo yu cu ca ch u t, nu c; - Chi ph t chc kim tra v chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh, nu c; - Chi ph t chc nghim thu, thanh ton, quyt ton hp ng; thanh ton, quyt ton vn u t xy dng cng trnh; - Chi ph t chc nghim thu, bn giao cng trnh; - Chi ph khi cng, khnh thnh, tuyn truyn qung co; - Chi ph t chc thc hin cc cng vic qun l khc. nh mc chi ph qun l d n c tnh bng t l phn trm (%) ca chi ph xy dng v chi ph thit b cha c thu gi tr gia tng trong tng mc u t ca d n u t xy dng cng trnh c duyt. Ni dung nh mc chi ph qun l d n bao gm chi ph tin lng, cc khon ph cp tin lng, cc khon trch np bo him x hi, bo him y t, kinh ph cng on, tin thng, phc li tp th ca c nhn tham gia qun l d n, chi ph cho cc dch v cng cng, vt t vn phng phm, thng tin lin lc, hi ngh, hi tho, tp hun, cng tc ph, thu nh lm vic, thu phng tin i li, thit b lm vic, chi ph mua sm ti sn phc v qun l, chi ph sa cha thng xuyn, sa cha ln ti sn ca ban qun l, cc khon ph, l ph, thu v cc chi ph khc.

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Bng nh mc chi ph qun l d n (Theo Cng vn 1751/BXD-VP Ngy 14/8/2007)

TT

Loi cng trnh 7 Cng trnh dn dng Cng trnh cng nghip Cng trnh giao thng Cng trnh thu li Cng trnh h tng k thut 10 20

Chi ph xy dng v thit b (t ng) 50 100 200 500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000

2,304

2,195

1,862

1,663

1,397

1,368

1,254

1,026

0,793

0,589

0,442

2,426

2,310

1,960

1,750

1,470

1,440

1,320

1,080

0,931

0,620

0,465

2,062

1,964

1,666

1,488

1,250

1,224

1,122

0,918

0,791

0,527

0,395

2,183

2,079

1,764

1,575

1,323

1,296

1,188

0,972

0,838

0,558

0,419

1,940

1,848

1,568

1,400

1,176

1,152

1,056

0,864

0,744

0,496

0,372

2.2.2. nh mc chi ph t vn u t xy dng T vn u t xy dng bao gm cc cng vic sau: - Lp bo co u t, d n u t, bo co kinh t k thut; - Thi tuyn thit k kin trc; - Thit k xy dng cng trnh; - Thm tra thit k k thut, thit k bn v thi cng, d ton xy dng cng trnh. - La chn nh thu trong hot ng xy dng; - Gim st kho st, gim st thi cng xy dng, lp t thit b; - Lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi d n c yu cu phi lp bo co ring; - Lp nh mc, n gi xy dng cng trnh; - Qun l chi ph u t xy dng: tng mc u t, d ton, nh mc xy dng, n gi xy dng cng trnh, hp ng; - T vn qun l d n;
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- Kim tra cht lng vt liu, kim nh cht lng cng trnh theo yu cu ca ch u t; - Kim tra v chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh; - Quy i vn u t xy dng cng trnh i vi d n c thi gian thc hin trn 3 nm; - Cc cng vic t vn u t xy dng khc. * nh mc chi ph lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s d thu thi cng xy dng: nh mc chi ph lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s d thu thi cng xy dng tnh bng t l phn trm (%) ca chi ph xy dng cha c thu gi tr gia tng trong d ton gi thu c duyt.

Bng nh mc chi ph lp h s mi thu, nh gi h s d thu thi cng xy dng (Theo Cng vn 1751/BXD-VP Ngy 14/8/2007)
Chi ph xy dng (t ng) TT Loi cng trnh 7 1 2 3 4 5 Cng trnh dn dng Cng trnh cng nghip Cng trnh giao thng Cng trnh thu li Cng trnh h tng k thut 0,343 0,429 0,266 0,286 0,300 10 0,286 0,372 0,229 0,239 0,257 20 0,229 0,257 0,157 0,200 0,215 50 0,129 0,143 0,100 0,110 0,114 100 0,086 0,100 0,061 0,064 0,072 200 0,051 0,064 0,039 0,041 0,043 500 0,038 0,047 0,031 0,033 0,036 1.000 0,027 0,036 0,020 0,021 0,023 2.000 0,023 0,030 0,017 0,019 0,020 5.000 0,020 0,024 0,014 0,016 0,017

Ghi ch: - nh mc chi ph lp h s mi thu v nh gi h s d thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh tnh theo nh mc ti bng trn v phn chia nh sau: + Lp h s mi thu: 40% + Phn tch nh gi h s d thu: 60% - Trng hp phi s tuyn th b sung thm chi ph bng 15% ca chi ph lp h s mi thu v phn tch nh gi h s d thu tnh theo nh mc ti bng trn.

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2.3.

nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh

2.3.1. nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh Phn kho st xy dng nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh Phn kho st xy dng (sau y gi tt l nh mc d ton kho st xy dng) l nh mc kinh t k thut th hin mc hao ph v vt liu, nhn cng, my thi cng hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc kho st xy dng (nh 1 m khoan, 1 ha o v bn a hnh, 1 mu th nghim...) t khi chun b n khi kt thc cng tc kho st theo ng yu cu k thut, quy trnh, quy phm quy nh. nh mc d ton kho st xy dng c lp trn c s cc quy chun, tiu chun kho st xy dng; quy phm v thit k thi cng nghim thu v nhng tin b khoa hc k thut trong kho st xy dng. nh mc d ton kho st xy dng bao gm: - Mc hao ph vt liu trc tip: L s lng vt liu chnh, vt liu ph hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc kho st xy dng. - Mc hao ph lao ng trc tip: L s lng ngy cng lao ng ca k s, cng nhn trc tip hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc kho st xy dng. - Mc hao ph my thi cng trc tip: L s lng ca s dng my thi cng trc tip hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc kho st xy dng. * Kt cu ca tp nh mc d ton kho st xy dng theo Cng vn 1779/BXD-VP Ngy 16/8/2007: - Tp nh mc d ton kho st xy dng c trnh by theo nhm, loi cng tc v c m ha thng nht bao gm 17 chng:
Chng 1: Cng tc o t, bng th cng Chng 2: Cng tc khoan tay Chng 3: Cng tc khoan xoay bm ra bng ng mu trn cn Chng 4: Cng tc khoan xoay bm ra bng ng mu di nc Chng 5: Cng tc khoan gung xon c ly mu trn cn Chng 6: Cng tc khoan gung xon c ly mu di nc

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Chng 7: Cng tc khoan ng knh ln Chng 8: Cng tc t ng quan trc mc nc ngm trong l khoan Chng 9: Cng tc o li khng ch mt bng Chng 10: Cng tc o khng ch cao Chng 11: Cng tc o v chi tit bn trn cn Chng 12: Cng tc o v chi tit bn di nc Chng 13: Cng tc o v mt ct a hnh Chng 14: Cng tc th nghim trong phng Chng 15: Cng tc th nghim ngoi tri Chng 16: Cng tc thm d a vt l Chng 17: Cng tc o v lp bn a cht cng trnh

- Mi loi nh mc c trnh by gm: thnh phn cng vic, iu kin k thut, iu kin thi cng, bin php thi cng v c xc nh theo n v tnh ph hp thc hin cng tc kho st xy dng. Cc thnh phn hao ph trong nh mc d ton kho st xy dng c xc nh theo nguyn tc sau: - Mc hao ph vt liu chnh c tnh bng s lng ph hp vi n v tnh ca vt liu. - Mc hao ph vt liu ph khc c tnh bng t l % so vi chi ph vt liu chnh. - Mc hao ph lao ng c tnh bng s ngy cng theo cp bc bnh qun ca cng nhn, k s trc tip thc hin cng tc kho st. - Mc hao ph my thi cng chnh c tnh bng s lng ca my s dng. - Mc hao ph my thi cng khc c tnh bng t l % so vi chi ph s dng my chnh. nh mc d ton kho st xy dng c p dng xc nh n gi kho st xy dng cng trnh, lm c s lp d ton chi ph kho st xy dng, tng mc u t v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh.

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2.3.2. nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh Phn xy dng nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh Phn xy dng (sau y gi tt l nh mc d ton) l nh mc kinh t k thut th hin mc hao ph v vt liu, lao ng v my thi cng hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc xy dng nh 1m3 tng gch, 1m3 b tng, 1m2 lt gch, 1 tn ct thp, 100m di cc .v.v. t khu chun b n khu kt thc cng tc xy dng (k c nhng hao ph cn thit do yu cu k thut v t chc sn xut nhm m bo thi cng xy dng lin tc, ng quy trnh, quy phm k thut). nh mc d ton c lp trn c s cc quy chun, tiu chun xy dng; quy phm k thut v thit k thi cng nghim thu; mc c gii ha chung trong ngnh xy dng; trang thit b k thut, bin php thi cng v nhng tin b khoa hc k thut trong xy dng (cc vt liu mi, thit b v cng ngh thi cng tin tin.v.v.). Nhim v ca cng tc nh mc d ton l xy dng h thng nh mc d ton tin tin ph hp vi trnh k thut xy dng hin ti. H thng nh mc ny cn p ng c nhng yu cu sau: - Tnh ton n nhng thnh tu ca khoa hc k thut xy dng v kinh nghim tin tin, ng thi xt n kh nng thc t thc hin cc nh mc ca cc t chc xy dng ang lm vic trong iu kin bnh thng. - Khuyn khch tin b k thut v li ch tp th ca ngi xy dng trong vic nng cao hiu sut lao ng ca h. - C lun chng kinh t k thut v m bo xc nh ng n gi tr d ton xy dng. - To kh nng gim gi tr d ton xy dng v nng cao hiu qu vn u t. - Bao hm tng hp cc ch tiu cn thit k hoch ha vn u t v cng tc xy dng, cng nh hch ton sau khi cng tc c hon thnh. - p ng yu cu hch ton trong xy dng. - m bo n gin thun tin khi p dng v gim nh cng sc, thi gian khi lp ti liu d ton. nh mc d ton c p dng lp n gi xy dng cng trnh, lm c s xc nh d ton chi ph xy dng, tng mc u t d n u t xy dng cng trnh v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh.

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nh mc d ton bao gm: - Mc hao ph vt liu: L s lng vt liu chnh, vt liu ph, cc cu kin hoc cc b phn ri l, vt liu lun chuyn (khng k vt liu ph cn dng cho my mc, phng tin vn chuyn v nhng vt liu tnh trong chi ph chung) cn cho vic thc hin v hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc xy dng. Mc hao ph vt liu trong nh mc ny bao gm hao ht vt liu khu thi cng; ring i vi cc loi ct xy dng k n hao ht do di ca ct. - Mc hao ph lao ng: L s ngy cng lao ng ca cng nhn trc tip thc hin khi lng cng tc xy dng v cng nhn phc v xy dng. S lng ngy cng bao gm c lao ng chnh, ph thc hin v hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc xy dng t khu chun b n khu kt thc, thu dn hin trng thi cng. Cp bc cng nhn trong nh mc l cp bc bnh qun ca cc cng nhn tham gia thc hin mt n v cng tc xy dng. - Mc hao ph my thi cng: L s ca s dng my v thit b thi cng chnh trc tip thc hin k c my v thit b ph phc v hon thnh mt n v khi lng cng tc xy dng. * Kt cu tp nh mc d ton theo Cng vn 1776/BXD-VP Ngy 16/8/2007: - Tp nh mc d ton c trnh by theo nhm, loi cng tc hoc kt cu xy dng v c m ha thng nht bao gm 11 chng:
Chng I: Cng tc chun b mt bng xy dng Chng II: Cng tc o, p t, , ct Chng III: Cng tc ng cc, p cc, nh cc, khoan to l cc khoan nhi Chng IV: Cng tc lm ng Chng V: Cng tc xy gch Chng VI: Cng tc b tng ti ch Chng VII: Cng tc sn xut v lp dng cu kin b tng c sn
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Chng VIII: Sn xut, lp dng cu kin g Chng IX: Sn xut, lp dng cu kin st thp Chng X: Cng tc lm mi, lm trn v cc cng tc hon thin khc Chng XI: Cc cng tc khc

- Mi loi nh mc c trnh by tm tt thnh phn cng vic, iu kin k thut, iu kin thi cng v bin php thi cng v c xc nh theo n v tnh ph hp thc hin cng tc xy dng . Cc thnh phn hao ph trong nh mc d ton c xc nh theo nguyn tc sau: - Mc hao ph vt liu chnh c tnh bng s lng ph hp vi n v tnh ca vt liu. - Mc hao ph vt liu khc nh vt liu lm dn gio xy, vt liu ph khc c tnh bng t l % tnh trn chi ph vt liu chnh. - Mc hao ph lao ng chnh v ph c tnh bng s ngy cng theo cp bc bnh qun ca cng nhn trc tip xy dng. - Mc hao ph my thi cng chnh c tnh bng s lng ca my s dng. - Mc hao ph my thi cng khc c tnh bng t l % trn chi ph s dng my chnh. 3. 3.1. H thng n gi trong xy dng Khi qut chung

Gi xy dng cng trnh l ton b chi ph cn thit xy dng mi, ci to, m rng hay trang b li k thut cho cng trnh. Gi xy dng cng trnh c xc nh trn c s h thng nh mc, n gi, ch tiu kinh t k thut v cc ch chnh sch ca nh nc ph hp vi tnh hnh khch quan ca th trng tng thi k v c qun l theo php lut v u t v xy dng. Vic lp v qun l h thng n gi da trn cc nguyn tc c bn sau: - Ch u t cn c phng php lp n gi xy dng cng trnh, yu cu k thut, bin php thi cng c th ca cng trnh t chc lp n gi xy dng cng trnh, gi xy dng tng hp lm c s cho vic xc nh tng mc
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u t v d ton xy dng cng trnh qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh. - Ch u t xy dng cng trnh c thu t chc, c nhn t vn c iu kin nng lc, kinh nghim thc hin cc cng vic hoc phn cng vic lin quan ti vic lp gi xy dng cng trnh. T chc, c nhn t vn phi chu trch nhim trc ch u t v php lut trong vic bo m tnh hp l, chnh xc ca gi xy dng cng trnh do mnh lp . - y ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o S Xy dng cn c vo hng dn ca Thng t do Chnh ph ban hnh v tnh hnh c th ca a phng cng b h thng n gi xy dng, gi ca my v thit b thi cng xy dng, gi vt liu,... tham kho trong qu trnh xc nh gi xy dng cng trnh. Trn thc t, h thng n gi p dng cho d n u t xy dng cng trnh bao gm: a. Theo quy trnh u t xy dng - n gi kho st xy dng: L c s qun l vn u t xy dng, xc nh d ton chi ph cng tc kho st xy dng, phc v cng tc lp k hoch v lm c s cho vic u thu la chn nh thu kho st v k kt hp ng. - n gi xy dng cng trnh: L gi tr d ton tnh cho mt n v khi lng cng tc xy lp theo mt bng gi nht nh. n gi xy dng c dng lp gi tr d ton xy lp trong tng mc u t v d ton xy dng cng trnh. b. Theo mc chi tit - n gi chi tit: L n gi xc nh cho mt n v cng tc xy lp ring bit hoc mt b phn kt cu xy lp c xy dng trn c s nh mc d ton chi tit. n gi chi tit c dng lp d ton chi tit hng mc cng trnh giai on thit k bn v thi cng, lm c s xc nh gi mi thu hoc gi hp ng giao, nhn thu. - n gi tng hp: L n gi xc nh cho mt n v khi lng cng tc xy lp tng hp hoc mt kt cu xy lp hon chnh v c xc nh trn c s nh mc d ton tng hp. Nu trong n gi tng hp ch bao gm chi ph trc tip th gi l n gi tng hp khng y , cn nu trong n gi tng hp bao gm chi ph trc tip, chi ph chung, thu nhp chu thu tnh trc v thu gi tr gia tng th gi l n gi tng hp y . n
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gi tng hp c dng lp tng d ton giai on chun b xy dng v lp ch tiu gi chun cc loi nh, hng mc cng trnh giai on thit k bn v thi cng. 3.2. n gi xy dng cng trnh n gi xy dng cng trnh l ch tiu kinh t k thut tng hp, bao gm ton b chi ph trc tip v vt liu, nhn cng v my thi cng cn thit hoc ton b cc chi ph x hi cn thit hon thnh mt n v khi lng hon chnh ca cng tc hoc kt cu xy lp to thnh cng trnh. n gi xy dng cng trnh c lp trn c s nh mc kinh t k thut v cc yu t chi ph sau y: - Gi vt liu xy dng c xc nh ph hp vi tiu chun, chng loi v cht lng vt liu s dng cho cng trnh xy dng c th. Gi vt liu xy dng xc nh trn c s gi th trng do t chc c chc nng cung cp, bo gi ca nh sn xut, thng tin gi ca nh cung cp hoc gi c p dng cho cng trnh khc c tiu chun, cht lng tng t. - Gi nhn cng xy dng c xc nh theo mt bng th trng lao ng ph bin ca tng khu vc, tnh theo tng ngnh ngh cn s dng. Gi nhn cng xy dng c tnh ton cn c theo mc tin lng ti thiu v cc ch chnh sch quy nh vi ngi lao ng c c quan nh nc c thm quyn cng b; kh nng ngun vn, kh nng chi tr ca ch u t v cc yu cu khc. - Gi ca my v thit b thi cng c xc nh theo phng php do B Xy dng hng dn hoc t bng gi ca my v thit b thi cng do a phng cng b. i vi nhng cng trnh xy dng s dng vn ODA c yu cu s dng lao ng nc ngoi, vt t, vt liu nhp khu, thit b thi cng nhp khu v cc yu cu c th khc th n gi xy dng c lp b sung cc chi ph theo iu kin thc t v c th ca cng trnh. i vi cc cng tc xy dng mi cha c trong h thng nh mc xy dng c cng b th ch u t, nh thu, t chc t vn cn c theo yu cu k thut, iu kin thi cng v phng php xy dng nh mc do B Xy dng hng dn xy dng nh mc cho cng tc hoc p dng cc nh mc xy dng tng t cc cng trnh khc. * Kt cu ca b n gi xy dng c bn bao gm cc phn sau:
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- Thuyt minh v hng dn chung ca tp n gi. - Bng gi vt liu n hin trng xy lp ca cc loi vt liu ch yu c s dng tnh ton n gi. - Bng h s khu vc n gi so vi cm gc (nu c). - Cc bng n gi cho cc loi cng tc v kt cu xy lp c phn nh r chi ph vt liu, nhn cng v s dng my thi cng. 3.3. n gi d thu

3.3.1. Khi nim n gi d thu l n gi xy dng cng trnh do nh thu lp lm c s tnh gi d thu v k kt hp ng giao nhn thu. n gi d thu c lp trn c s cc gii php k thut cng ngh c la chn, cc nh mc kinh t k thut, mc gi c trn th trng, cc bin php t chc qun l v chin lc tranh thu ca nh thu. trng c thu th doanh nghip phi xy dng c gi thu hp l, da trn c s nh mc n gi xy dng c bn do Nh nc ban hnh, trn c s gi th trng v kh nng ca bn thn doanh nghip. Mt khc, phi m bo kinh doanh c l i. thc hin cc yu cu i hi trn th cn phi tng cng cng tc qun l kinh t ni chung, qun l chi ph gi thnh ni ring. Khi lp n gi d thu doanh nghip cn ch n cc cng vic quan trng sau: + nh gi tim lc bn thn doanh nghip. + Phn tch mi trng kinh t ti chnh v x hi. + Phn tch p dng cc nh mc ni b. + Thit lp phng n t chc thi cng ti u nht. 3.3.2. Cc thnh phn chi ph trong n gi d thu Cn c vo ngha ca chi ph trong gi thnh sn phm xy lp v thun tin cho vic tnh gi thnh ton b, chi ph c phn theo khon mc. Cch phn loi ny da vo cng dng chung ca chi ph v mc phn b chi ph cho tng i tng. Theo quy nh hin hnh, gi thnh sn phm bao gm cc khon mc chi ph sau: - Chi ph nguyn vt liu trc tip:

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Bao gm gi tr thc t ca nguyn liu, vt liu chnh, ph hoc cc b phn ri, vt liu lun chuyn tham gia cu thnh thc th sn phm xy lp v gip cho vic thc hin v hon thnh khi lng xy lp (khng k vt liu cho my mc thi cng v hot ng sn xut chung). i vi vt liu chnh, xc nh cn c vo s lng vt liu quy cch phm cht tnh cho 1 n v, bao gm: vt liu cu thnh sn phm v vt liu hao ht trong qu trnh thi cng. Tt c s lng ny c tnh vo nh mc ca nh thu. Cc hao ht ngoi cng trng c tnh vo gi vt liu. Ngoi s lng vt liu chnh theo nh mc ca doanh nghip, cn phi tnh thm chi ph cho cc loi vt liu ph (ty theo tng loi sn phm), thng thng ngi ta tnh bng mt t l % so vi vt liu chnh (khong 5 10%). Vt liu lun chuyn nh vn khun, gio c im ca vt liu lun chuyn l c s dng nhiu ln v gi tr ca n c chuyn dn vo gi tr sn phm di dng khu tr dn. - Chi ph nhn cng trc tip: Gm ton b tin lng, tin cng v cc khon ph cp mang tnh cht tin lng tr cho cng nhn trc tip xy lp. C s xc nh l cp bc th bnh qun cho tng loi cng vic da theo s bin ch cc t, nhm c kim nghim qua nhiu cng trnh xy dng v nhn cng trn th trng lao ng, c th l: + Tin lng ti thiu: do Nh nc quy nh trong tng thi k ph hp vi tnh hnh pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc. + H thng thang lng, bng lng v cc khon ph cp lng, lng ph, chi ph khon trc tip cho ngi lao ng theo quy nh ca Nh nc. + ng gp ca ngi lao ng cho doanh nghip. + iu kin c th ca tng doanh nghip: phng php tr lng doanh nghip la chn, ngnh ngh kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, hiu qu hot ng ca doanh nghip + Cc nhn t khc: Mt bng gi lao ng a phng, iu kin c th ca tng loi cng trnh - Chi ph s dng my thi cng:

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Bao gm chi ph cho cc my thi cng nhm thc hin khi lng xy lp bng my. My mc thi cng l loi my trc tip phc v xy lp cng trnh. l nhng my mc c truyn chuyn ng bng ng c, chy bng du, xng, in, Chi ph s dng my thi cng gm chi ph thng xuyn v chi ph tm thi. Chi ph thng xuyn cho hot ng ca my thi cng gm: lng chnh, ph ca cng nhn iu khin, phc v my thi cng. Chi ph nguyn liu, vt liu, cng c dng c, chi ph khu hao TSC, chi ph dch v mua ngoi (sa cha nh, in, nc, bo him xe, my) v cc chi ph khc bng tin. Chi ph tm thi: chi ph sa cha ln my thi cng (i tu, trung tu...), chi ph cng trnh tm thi cho my thi cng (lu, ln, b, ng ray chy my...). - Chi ph chung: Chi ph chung l nhng chi ph khng lin quan trc tip n vic hon thnh tng cng tc xy lp nhng n cn thit phc v cho cng tc thi cng, cho vic t chc b my qun l v ch o sn xut xy dng cng trnh. Chi ph sn xut ca i, cng trng xy dng bao gm: lng nhn vin qun l i, cng trng, cc khon trch BHXH, BHYT theo t l quy nh trn tin lng ca cng nhn trc tip xy lp, cng nhn iu khin xe, my thi cng v nhn vin qun l i; khu hao TSC dng chung cho hot ng ca i v nhng chi ph khc lin quan n hot ng ca i nh: chi ph thit b vn phng, thng tin lin lc, tin thng Chi ph qun l doanh nghip: gm ton b cc khon chi ph lin quan n qun tr kinh doanh v qun tr hnh chnh trong phm vi ton doanh nghip m khng tch c cho bt c hot ng hay phn xng, cng trng no. - Thu nhp chu thu tnh trc: Hin nay cc doanh nghip xy dng phi np thu thu nhp doanh nghip, thu nhp chu thu tnh trc chnh l khon l i ca doanh nghip dng np thu thu nhp, ngoi ra cn phi trch lp cc qu ca doanh

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nghip v chi mt s khon khc nn khi xc nh gi d thu, cc doanh nghip cn xc nh c khon l i ny. Do sn phm xy dng c sn xut ra theo n t hng, nn sn phm lm ra coi nh l bn c. V vy khi tham d u thu, cc nh thu thng gim l i tng kh nng trng thu, do gi tr sn phm rt ln nn ch cn mt t l l i nh th v gi tr thu c cng rt ln. Phn trm thu nhp chu thu tnh trc ca mi nh thu ph thuc vo v th ca nh thu. - Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT): Thu gi tr gia tng l loi thu gin thu, ngi mua hng phi chu thng qua thu gp vo gi bn. Thu gi tr gia tng u ra c s dng tr s thu gi tr gia tng u vo m doanh nghip xy dng tr trc khi mua cc loi vt t, nhin liu phc v xy dng cng trnh. 4. H s mi thu

H s mi thu l ton b ti liu s dng cho u thu rng r i hoc u thu hn ch bao gm cc yu cu cho mt gi thu lm cn c php l nh thu chun b h s d thu v bn mi thu nh gi h s d thu nhm la chn nh thu trng thu; l cn c cho vic thng tho, hon thin v k kt hp ng. 4.1. Cn c lp h s mi thu H s mi thu c lp da trn cc cn c: - Quyt nh u t v cc ti liu l c s quyt nh u t; giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t; - K hoch u thu c duyt; - Cc quy nh ca php lut v u thu v cc quy nh ca php lut c lin quan; iu c quc t hoc vn bn tha thun quc t (nu c) i vi cc d n s dng vn ODA; - Cc chnh sch ca Nh nc v thu, tin lng, u i trong u thu quc t hoc cc quy nh khc c lin quan. Trng hp gi thu cn thc hin trc khi c quyt nh u t th t chc c giao nhim v chun b d n cn c cc vn bn lin quan lp h s mi thu trnh ngi ng u c quan chun b d n ph duyt.

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4.2.

Ni dung ca h s mi thu

Lut u thu 2005 quy nh, h s mi thu c lp theo mu do Chnh ph quy nh v bao gm cc ni dung sau y: - Yu cu v mt k thut: i vi gi thu xy lp, bao gm yu cu theo h s thit k k thut km theo bng tin lng, ch dn k thut v cc yu cu cn thit khc; - Yu cu v mt ti chnh, thng mi, bao gm cc chi ph thc hin gi thu, gi cho v biu gi chi tit, iu kin giao hng, phng thc v iu kin thanh ton, ngun ti chnh, ng tin d thu v cc iu khon nu trong iu kin chung v iu kin c th ca hp ng. - Tiu chun nh gi, yu cu quan trng, iu kin u i (nu c), thu, bo him v cc yu cu khc. Trn thc t, h s mi thu thng c ng thnh 4 tp: + Tp I: Ch dn nh thu. + Tp II: Ch dn k thut. + Tp III: Tin lng mi thu. + Tp IV: H s thit k k thut. 5. 5.1. H s d thu Khi qut v h s d thu

5.1.1. Khi nim H s d thu l ton b ti liu do nh thu lp theo yu cu ca h s mi thu v c np cho bn mi thu theo quy nh nu trong h s mi thu. Thi gian chun b h s d thu ti thiu l mi lm ngy i vi u thu trong nc, ba mi ngy i vi u thu quc t, k t ngy pht hnh h s mi thu n thi im ng thu. H s d thu bao gm cc ni dung ch yu sau: - Cc bn v, gii php thc hin, bin php k thut v tin thc hin. - Bng tnh tin lng v gi d thu.
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- Cc xut k thut nu c, ngh sa i, b sung i vi cc iu kin chung, iu kin c th ca hp ng p dng cho gi thu do bn mi thu a ra. - Bo m d thu. 5.1.2. Bo m d thu Khi tham gia u thu gi thu cung cp hng ha, xy lp, gi thu EPC, nh thu phi thc hin bin php bo m d thu trc thi im ng thu. Trng hp p dng phng thc u thu hai giai on, nh thu thc hin bin php bo m d thu trong giai on hai. Gi tr bo m d thu c quy nh trong h s mi thu theo mt mc xc nh cn c tnh cht ca tng gi thu c th nhng khng vt qu 3% gi gi thu c duyt. Thi gian c hiu lc ca bo m d thu bng thi gian hiu lc ca h s d thu cng thm ba mi ngy. Trng hp cn gia hn hiu lc ca h s d thu, bn mi thu phi yu cu nh thu gia hn tng ng hiu lc bo m d thu; trong trng hp ny, nh thu khng c thay i ni dung h s d thu np bao gm c gi d thu v phi gia hn tng ng hiu lc ca bo m d thu. Trng hp nh thu t chi gia hn hiu lc ca h s d thu th bn mi thu phi hon tr bo m d thu cho nh thu. Bo m d thu c tr li cho cc nh thu khng trng thu trong thi gian khng qu ba mi ngy k t ngy thng bo kt qu u thu. i vi nh thu trng thu, bo m d thu c hon tr sau khi nh thu thc hin bin php bo m thc hin hp ng theo quy nh. Nh thu khng c nhn li bo m d thu trong cc trng hp sau y: - Rt h s d thu sau khi ng thu m h s d thu vn cn hiu lc; - Trong thi hn ba mi ngy k t khi nhn c thng bo trng thu ca bn mi thu m khng tin hnh hoc t chi tin hnh thng tho, hon thin hp ng hoc thng tho, hon thin xong nhng t chi k hp ng m khng c l do chnh ng; - Khng thc hin bin php bo m thc hin hp ng.

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5.1.3. nh gi h s d thu 5.1.3.1. Nguyn tc nh gi h s d thu

- Vic nh gi h s d thu phi cn c vo tiu chun nh gi h s

d thu v cc yu cu khc trong h s mi thu bo m la chn c nh thu c nng lc, kinh nghim, c gii php kh thi thc hin gi thu. - Vic nh gi h s d thu cn phi cn c vo h s d thu np v cc ti liu gii thch lm r h s d thu ca nh thu. - Vic nh gi h s d thu phi tun theo trnh t quy nh. 5.1.3.2. Trnh t nh gi h s d thu nh gi h s d thu gm ba bc sau: Bc 1: nh gi s b. * Kim tra tnh hp l ca h s d thu: - Tnh hp l ca n d thu: n d thu phi c in y v c ch k ca ngi i din hp php ca nh thu theo yu cu ca h s mi thu. i vi nh thu lin danh, n d thu phi do i din hp php ca tng thnh vin lin danh k, tr trng hp trong vn bn tho thun lin danh c quy nh cc thnh vin cn li u quyn cho thnh vin ng u lin danh k n d thu; - Tnh hp l ca tho thun lin danh: Trong tho thun lin danh phi phn nh r trch nhim, quyn hn, khi lng cng vic phi thc hin v gi tr tng ng ca tng thnh vin trong lin danh, k c ngi ng u lin danh v trch nhim ca ngi ng u lin danh; ch k ca cc thnh vin, con du (nu c); - C mt trong cc loi giy t theo yu cu ca h s mi thu: Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, Giy chng nhn u t; quyt nh thnh lp hoc Giy ng k hot ng hp php; Giy php bn hng thuc bn quyn ca nh sn xut (nu c yu cu); - S lng bn chnh, bn chp h s d thu; - S hp l ca bo m d thu; - Cc ph lc, ti liu km theo h s d thu. * Loi b h s d thu khng p ng c cc iu kin tin quyt:
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Nh thu vi phm mt trong cc iu kin tin quyt quy nh trong h s mi thu s b loi v h s d thu khng c xem xt tip, c th nh sau: + Nh thu khng c tn trong danh sch mua h s mi thu, khng ng k tham gia u thu. Trng hp nh thu cn thay i t cch (tn) tham gia u thu so vi khi mua h s mi thu, ng k tham gia u thu th phi thng bo bng vn bn ti bn mi thu trc thi im ng thu; + Nh thu khng bo m t cch hp l theo quy nh ca h s mi thu; + Khng c bo m d thu hoc c bo m d thu nhng khng hp l: c gi tr thp hn, khng ng ng tin quy nh, thi gian hiu lc ngn hn, khng np theo a ch v thi gian quy nh trong h s mi thu, khng ng tn nh thu, khng phi l bn gc v khng c ch k hp l (i vi th bo l nh ca ngn hng); + Khng c bn gc h s d thu; + n d thu khng hp l; + Hiu lc ca h s d thu khng bo m yu cu theo quy nh trong h s mi thu; + H s d thu c gi d thu khng c nh, cho thu theo nhiu mc gi hoc gi c km iu kin; + Nh thu c tn trong hai hoc nhiu h s d thu vi t cch l nh thu chnh; + Khng p ng yu cu v nng lc v kinh nghim theo quy nh ca h s mi thu; + Cc yu cu quan trng khc c tnh c th ca gi thu. * nh gi nng lc v kinh nghim ca nh thu theo tiu chun nh gi v nng lc v kinh nghim nu trong h s mi thu i vi gi thu khng tin hnh s tuyn. i vi cc gi thu qua s tuyn, cn cp nht cc thng tin m nh thu k khai thi im s tuyn nhm chun xc kh nng p ng yu cu v nng lc v kinh nghim ca nh thu. Bc 2: nh gi chi tit h s d thu. * nh gi v mt k thut:
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nh gi theo tiu chun nh gi v mt k thut c quy nh trong h s mi thu. Trong qu trnh nh gi, bn mi thu c quyn yu cu nh thu gii thch, lm r v nhng ni dung cha r, khc thng trong h s d thu. Ch nhng h s d thu c ch u t ph duyt t yu cu v mt k thut mi c xc nh gi nh gi. * Xc nh gi nh gi. Bc 3: Xp hng h s d thu theo gi nh gi. H s d thu c gi nh gi thp nht c xp th nht. Trong trng hp gi thu phc tp, nu thy cn thit th bn mi thu bo co ch u t cho php nh thu c h s d thu xp th nht vo thng tho s b v hp ng to thun li cho vic thng tho hon thin hp ng sau khi c kt qu trng thu. 5.1.3.3. Tiu chun nh gi h s d thu (i vi gi thu xy lp) Tiu chun nh gi h s d thu i vi gi thu xy lp gm tiu chun nh gi v nng lc v kinh nghim ca nh thu, tiu chun nh gi v mt k thut v ni dung xc nh gi nh gi, c th nh sau: a. Tiu chun nh gi v nng lc v kinh nghim ca nh thu p dng i vi gi thu khng tin hnh s tuyn, bao gm: - Kinh nghim thc hin cc gi thu tng t Vit Nam, vng a l v hin trng tng t; - Nng lc k thut: s lng, trnh cn b, cng nhn k thut trc tip thc hin gi thu v s lng thit b thi cng sn c, kh nng huy ng thit b thi cng thc hin gi thu; - Nng lc ti chnh: tng ti sn, tng n phi tr, vn lu ng, doanh thu, li nhun, gi tr hp ng ang thc hin d dang v cc ch tiu khc. Vic xc nh mc yu cu c th i vi tng tiu chun phi cn c theo yu cu ca tng gi thu. Cc tiu chun nh gi c s dng theo tiu ch t, khng t. Nh thu t c 3 ni dung nu trn th c nh gi l p ng yu cu v nng lc v kinh nghim. b. Tiu chun nh gi v mt k thut:

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Tiu chun nh gi v mt k thut bao gm cc ni dung v mc p ng i vi cc yu cu v h s thit k k thut v tin lng km theo, c th: - Tnh hp l v kh thi ca cc gii php k thut, bin php t chc thi cng; - Bo m iu kin v sinh mi trng v cc iu kin khc nh phng chy, cha chy, an ton lao ng; - Mc p ng ca thit b thi cng (s lng, chng loi, cht lng v tin huy ng), vt t v nhn lc phc v thi cng; - Mc p ng cc yu cu v bo hnh; - Cc bin php bo m cht lng; - Kh nng cung cp ti chnh (nu c yu cu); - Tin thi cng; - Cc ni dung khc (nu c). c. Ni dung xc nh gi nh gi: Vic xc nh gi nh gi l xc nh chi ph trn cng mt mt bng v k thut, ti chnh, thng mi v cc yu t khc nhm so snh, xp hng cc h s d thu. Phng php xc nh gi nh gi phi c nu trong tiu chun nh gi. Vic xc nh gi nh gi thc hin theo trnh t sau y: - Xc nh gi d thu; - Sa li; - Hiu chnh cc sai lch; Gi d thu sau sa li v hiu chnh sai lch c gi l gi ngh trng thu. - Chuyn i gi ngh trng thu sang mt ng tin chung (nu c) lm cn c xc nh gi nh gi; - a cc chi ph v mt mt bng xc nh gi nh gi, bao gm: + Cc iu kin v mt k thut nh: tin thc hin; chi ph qun l, vn hnh, duy tu, bo dng, tui th cng trnh v cc yu t k thut khc ty theo tng gi thu c th; + iu kin ti chnh, thng mi;

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+ u i trong u thu quc t (nu c); + Cc yu t khc. Tu theo tnh cht ca tng gi thu m quy nh cc yu t xc nh gi nh gi cho ph hp. H s d thu c gi nh gi thp nht c xp th nht. 5.1.3.4. Phng php nh gi h s d thu a. S dng phng php chm im S dng thang im ti a (100, 1.000,...) xy dng tiu chun nh gi v mt k thut. Mc im yu cu ti thiu v mt k thut c quy nh tu theo tnh cht ca tng gi thu nhng phi bo m khng thp hn 70% tng s im v mt k thut; i vi gi thu c yu cu k thut cao khng thp hn 80%; i vi gi thu la chn tng thu xy dng (tr gi thu la chn tng thu thit k) cn phi quy nh mc im yu cu ti thiu cho tng ni dung cng vic bo m khng thp hn 70% mc im ti a tng ng. i vi gi thu mua sm hng ho, xy lp, h s d thu c coi l p ng yu cu v mt k thut khi t s im khng thp hn mc im yu cu ti thiu v mt k thut. i vi gi thu la chn tng thu xy dng (tr gi thu la chn tng thu thit k), h s d thu c coi l p ng yu cu v mt k thut khi s im c nh gi cho tng ni dung cng vic khng thp hn mc im yu cu ti thiu tng ng v im tng hp ca cc ni dung khng thp hn mc im yu cu ti thiu v mt k thut ca c gi thu. b. S dng tiu ch t, khng t Tu theo tnh cht ca gi thu m xc nh mc yu cu i vi tng ni dung. i vi cc ni dung c coi l cc yu cu c bn ca h s mi thu, ch s dng tiu ch t hoc khng t. i vi cc ni dung yu cu khng c bn, ngoi tiu ch t hoc khng t, c p dng thm tiu ch chp nhn c nhng khng c vt qu 30% tng s cc ni dung yu cu trong tiu chun nh gi. Mt h s d thu c nh gi l p ng yu cu v mt k thut khi c tt c ni dung yu cu c bn u c nh gi l t, cc ni dung yu cu khng c bn c nh gi l t hoc chp nhn c.

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5.1.4. Xt duyt trng thu Nh thu cung cp hng ha, xy lp hoc thc hin gi thu EPC s c xem xt ngh trng thu khi p ng y cc iu kin sau y: - C h s d thu hp l; - c nh gi l p ng yu cu v nng lc, kinh nghim; - C xut v mt k thut c nh gi l p ng yu cu theo h thng im hoc theo tiu ch t, khng t; - C chi ph thp nht trn cng mt mt bng; - C gi ngh trng thu khng vt gi gi thu c duyt 5.2. Phng php lp h s d thu

5.2.1. H s php l H s php l l cc ti liu bt buc m bo t cch tham gia u thu ca nh thu, c nu ra trong phn u tin ca b h s d thu. H s php l gm: - n d thu: c vit theo mu nh km trong tp ch dn nh thu ca b h s mi thu. Trong n d thu nh thu phi cam kt thc hin gi thu theo ng yu cu ca h s mi thu vi tng s tin no (chnh l gi d thu), cam kt thc hin bin php m bo thc hin hp ng nu trng thu v phi nu r thi gian hiu lc ca h s d thu. - Bn k lin danh, nh thu ph (nu c): Nu lin danh th phi nu y d liu lin danh nh: tn lin danh, tn ca cc thnh vin, tn thnh vin ng u, cc vn bn tha thun lin danh v phn chia trch nhim gia cc thnh vin. - Giy y quyn (nu c): + i vi nh thu c lp: i din hp php ca nh thu (gim c) xc nhn y quyn cho mt ngi khc c k v s dng con du ca cng ty trong cc h s cn thit lin quan n gi thu. + i vi lin danh: i din hp php ca cc thnh vin lin danh xc nhn y quyn cho mt ngi lm i din c k v s dng con du ca thnh vin ng u lin danh trong cc h s cn thit lin quan n gi thu.
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- Bo m d thu: Bo m d thu l vic nh thu thc hin mt trong cc bin php t cc, hoc np th bo l nh ca ngn hng m bo trch nhim nh thu khi tham d u thu. Thng thng bo m d thu di hnh thc bo l nh ca ngn hng. - Bn sao giy ng k kinh doanh chng t t cch php nhn ca nh thu, c cp php hnh ngh trong lnh vc xy dng. 5.2.2. H s nng lc kinh nghim H s nng lc, kinh nghim c yu cu rt c th trong h s mi thu, l mt trong nhng iu kin tin quyt cn phi p ng y th h s d thu mi c xem xt tip, thng bao gm cc ni dung sau: - Gii thiu chung v cng ty: Tn cng ty, a im, ngnh ngh kinh doanh ch yu, vn iu l - H s kinh nghim: S nm kinh nghim thi cng cc cng trnh, cc cng trnh tiu biu lm, cc cng trnh tng t. - Bng k khai nng lc ti chnh (thng l 3 nm gn y): + Bng tng hp s liu ti chnh km theo bo co ti chnh chi tit hng nm vi y s liu ti chnh v phi c c quan kim ton c lp hoc c quan ti chnh c thm quyn xc nhn; + Tn dng v tng hp, bao gm: tn v a ch ngn hng thng mi cung cp tn dng, tng s tin tn dng, danh mc cc hp ng ang thc hin d dang. - Cam kt huy ng vn: Nh thu c th c bn cam kt huy ng y s vn phc v cho thi cng cng trnh t cc ngun vn c th no , y cng l mt cch to dng thm lng tin v kh nng ti chnh xy dng cng trnh ang u thu. - Bng k khai my mc, thit b: Yu cu cn phi c giy t xc nhn i km, nu l i thu phi c: bn sao hp ng, bn cam kt hai bn; nu l ca nh thu cn c cc giy t nh: ha n, giy ng k ch quyn, giy php lu hnh

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Dng c th nghim, kim tra phi nu c hin trng thi cng v trung tm th nghim. - B tr nhn lc phc v gi thu: Bao gm danh sch cc cn b ch cht phc v cho gi thu v cn b ch cht iu hnh ti cng trng (km theo bn k khai tm tt nng lc cng tc: bng cp, chc danh, thi gian lm cng tc xy dng, thi gian lm cng tc tng t nh trong gi thu, lit k cc cng trnh tiu biu lm v cc cng trnh m nhim v tr tng ng nh c b tr trong cng trnh ny); d kin loi cng nhn, s lng, cp bc - T chc hin trng: + S t chc hin trng. + Thuyt minh s t chc hin trng. 5.2.3. Thit k t chc thi cng 5.2.3.1. Tng quan v thit k t chc thi cng Thit k t chc thi cng l mt phn quan trng trong h s d thu ca nh thu, nh thu cn nghin cu v trnh by r cc ni dung v cng ngh v t chc thi cng sau: - Lm r nh hng thi cng tng qut cho ton cng trnh v cho tng giai on ch yu. - M t nhng ni dung chnh v gii php cng ngh v t chc thi cng d nh p dng cho cc hng mc, cc t hp cng vic phc tp, cc d kin p dng cng ngh mi. - Thit k tin thi cng. - D kin s dng vt liu, cu kin, trang thit b k thut cng trnh v gii php cung ng. - Quy hoch tng mt bng thi cng v tin thc hin cc cng tc chun b. - Nhng gii php m bo cht lng, an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng. - Vn lin danh, hp tc trong thi cng, la chn nh thu ph (nu c).

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Thit k t chc thi cng (trong h s d thu c gi thuyt minh bin php t chc thi cng) thng c trnh by cc ni dung vi kt cu nh sau: Phn I: Gii thiu chung + Gii thiu chung v d n, gi thu. + Cn c lp bin php t chc thi cng. + c im t nhin (a cht, kh hu thy vn). + Ngun vt t, vt liu, cc tiu chun cht lng. + Kin ngh ca nh thu (nu c). Phn II: Bin php t chc thi cng + Khi qut v cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh (c im t nhin, v tr, quy m, c im thit k). + Bin php t chc thi cng tng th (ch o). + Bin php t chc thi cng chi tit. + Bin php m bo cht lng. + Bin php m bo an ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng, an ton giao thng + Biu tin thi cng. 5.2.3.2. Trnh t v ni dung cc bc lp thit k t chc thi cng a. Nghin cu ton din v cng trnh v cc iu kin lin quan lp thit k t chc thi cng, bc u tin cn phi nghin cu v cng trnh mt cch ton din, c th l: - Nghin cu quy m cng trnh, cc cng ngh mang tnh nh hng xy dng cng trnh, nhng hng mc mang tnh ch o v rt kh khc phc khi mun y nhanh tin , c im chnh v kt cu, kin trc, vt liu cng trnh. - iu kin t nhin vng m cng trnh s c xy dng, cc iu kin a hnh, kh hu, thi tit Vi cng trnh cu cn c bit quan tm n ma l trnh thi cng kt cu phn di, m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b thi cng.

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- Cc iu kin khai thc v cung cp vt t, vt liu xy dng cng trnh, bao gm: kh nng khai thc ti ch v kh nng cung cp ca cc nh cung cp n cng trng. i vi cc loi vt t, vt liu phi nhp ngoi cn phi nghin cu k th trng, so snh vi cc tiu chun d n v tm cc nh cung cp c nng lc, uy tn v m bo gi sn phm cnh tranh. - Cc iu kin cung cp nhn lc, xe my, thit b v cc trang b sn xut khc ca nh thu. - Nghin cu chn a im t cc x nghip ph, ni ng qun - Cc iu kin khc lin quan n cng trnh nh: thi gian khi cng, thi hn hon thnh, ch trng phn k xy dng, cc iu kin v ti chnh d n, cc yu cu m bo giao thng xc nh c cc iu kin trn, cn tin hnh nghin cu thu thp ti liu trong h s thit k, cc vn bn ca cc cp ph duyt d n, ng thi phi t chc nghin cu, th st ti hin trng, lm vic vi chnh quyn a phng v cc c quan c lin quan. b. Phn tch cng trnh theo c cu hng mc Cng trnh giao thng ni chung thng bao gm nhiu hng mc, t chc thi cng c tt cn nghin cu phn chia cng trnh thnh cc hng mc nh v b tr th t thc hin cho cc hng mc. Vic phn nh cng tc thi cng tng hng mc cn m bo tn trng nhng rng buc mang tnh cng ngh v m bo cc iu kin thi cng sao cho ng tin , cht lng v hiu qu kinh t. c. xut cc bin php thi cng Sau khi nghin cu k h s thit k, cc iu kin nh hng n thi cng v nm c trnh t thi cng cc hng mc, tin hnh xut bin php k thut thi cng v bin php t chc thi cng cho tng hng mc. Xc nh bin php k thut thi cng c th l chn cc phng php thi cng v my mc thit b phc v thi cng thch hp vi tng hng mc. Nghin cu quy trnh thi cng tng ng, qua xc nh c cc loi my mc thit b v vt t chnh c s dng. Chn bin php t chc thi cng cho tng hng mc, cc mi thi cng, b tr thi cng cho cc mi, d kin s dng dy chuyn nh th no d. Lp danh mc cng vic v tnh ton khi lng cng tc

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Nguyn c Mnh

Thng k li cc hng mc v u cng vic trong cc hng mc , cn thng k mt cch khoa hc, t m, trnh b st, trnh trng lp. Vic thng k ny da trn c s ca bin php thi cng la chn trc . Tin hnh tnh ton khi lng cng tc vi tng khu chi tit do tng phng tin sn xut ph trch. Kt hp vi nh mc nng sut ca cc phng tin sn xut cng nh nh mc s dng vt t c lin quan n qu trnh cng ngh thi cng cc hng mc xc nh c s lng vt t cn thit, s cng lao ng v s ca my. e. Lp tin thi cng Trn thc t, thi gian thi cng cng trnh lun b khng ch, cn tnh ton thi gian thi cng tng hng mc v c cng trnh sao cho p ng ng thi hn hon thnh cam kt khi lp h s d thu. th hin tin , thng s dng s ngang v s mng. Biu th s ngang ch cn mt h ta vung gc, trong trc tung th hin cc cng vic, trc honh th hin thi gian. S ngang din t c mt phng php t chc sn xut, mt k hoch tng i n gin v r rng do thng c s dng. u im c bn ca s ngang l dng c cho nhiu i tng, d lp, d iu chnh, b sung nn c dng ph bin. Tuy nhin n c nhc im l khng th hin c cc d n phc tp, khng thy r mi lin h lgic ca cc cng vic.
Tin thi cng theo s ngang
Thi gian Hng mc
(thng)

XD Cng trng Thi cng m M1 Thi cng tr T1

S mng l m hnh ton hc ng, th hin ton b d n thnh mt th thng nht, cht ch, trong thy r v tr ca tng cng vic i vi mc tiu chung v s nh hng ln nhau gia cc cng vic. S mng m t
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Nguyn c Mnh

di dng s mi quan h lin tc gia cc cng vic c xc nh c v thi gian v th t trc sau. Vic xy dng s mng kh phc tp, nht l vi cc cng trnh ln, nhiu hng mc do t c nh thu s dng biu th tin khi lp h s d thu. f. La chn phng n t chc thi cng Vi cc iu kin thi cng khc nhau, c th chn cc bin php k thut thi cng v t chc thi cng khc nhau, c th t chc lc lng thi cng khc nhau. Vic so snh cc phng n nhm chn ra c phng n em li hiu qu nhiu mt cho cc bn tham gia. nh gi so snh mt cch ton din thng phi dng nhiu ch tiu so snh, mi ch tiu cho php nh gi phng n v mt mt no . Ngi ta a ra phng php so snh l dng mt ch tiu tng hp so snh cc phng n, tuy nhin nhc im ca phng php ny l lm lu m mt s ch tiu ch yu, c th lm sai lch do yu t ch quan khi chn ch tiu so snh hay ly kin chuyn gia. Ty vo iu kin ca tng cng trnh v ty vo tiu ch ca tng bn tham gia xy dng m quyt nh chn ch tiu no l chnh em so snh chn ra phng n hiu qu nht. 5.2.3.3. Thit k tng mt bng thi cng a. Khi nim Tng mt bng thi cng xy dng cng trnh l bnh th hin b tr hin trng thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh, phn nh b cc khng gian phc v hot ng xy lp trn cng trng xy dng. Mt thit k tng mt bng tt s em li nhiu li ch cho tt c cc bn lin quan n cng trnh, n cng s em li hiu qu v nhiu mt: - Tit kim chi ph xy dng tm cho nh thu, gim gi thnh xy dng; - Tit kim cng vn chuyn vt t thit b thi cng trn cng trng; - Tit kim ti a s dng t phc v thi cng xy dng, bo v ti nguyn mi trng; - m bo phc v tt thi cng, qua , gp phn nng cao cht lng cng trnh, an ton trong lao ng, nng cao hiu qu sn xut. thit k tng mt bng, nh thu phi a ra c t chc, b tr cng trng xy dng, nhng gii php thi cng, s b tr dy chuyn cng

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Nguyn c Mnh

ngh, thng qua phn no th hin c trnh t chc thi cng, nng lc thi cng ca nh thu. b. Yu cu khi thit k tng mt bng thi cng Cc yu cu c bn khi thit k tng mt bng thi cng: - Tit kim s dng t tm thi to iu kin cho vic tit kim chi ph thu s dng t, to iu kin thun li cho qun l sn xut trn cng trng. - Phi chn phng n b tr tng mt bng sao cho chi ph vn chuyn trong sn xut l thp nht. Mun vy, cn b tr h thng kho b i, cc c s sn xut ph tr, h thng ng cng v mt cch hp l. - C bi ton gim chi ph ti a cho cng tc xy dng cng trnh ph tm. gii quyt bi ton ny nn trit tn dng cc cng trnh, cc nh ca sn c, cn tn dng cc cng trnh vnh cu p ng phc v tm; s dng cc ngun vt liu, cc dch v sn c ca a phng. - Phi tuyt i tun th cng tc an ton, phng chng chy n. Trong thi cng lun lun ra cc bin php an ton lao ng cng nh lun lun gio dc nhng ngi tham gia thi cng thc v cng tc an ton. Khi xy dng nhng hng mc i hi phi c tnh an ton cao th phi t chc cc kha hc v an ton cho nhng ngi tham gia thi cng. Khi thit k cc kho cha vt liu d chy phi la chn v tr thch hp, ng quy nh v phng chng chy n. Thc hin ng cc yu cu b tr thit b cha chy v cc gii php phng chng ha hon. - i vi d n xy dng ln, thi gian xy dng di cc hng mc vnh cu v tm thi phi c th hin r rng, ng v tr, ng t l kch thc, ph hp cc quy nh v k hiu bn v. - Phi lm r cc yu cu v m bo v sinh, bo v mi trng trong khu vc. c. Cn c thit k tng mt bng thi cng Khi thit k tng mt bng thi cng cng trnh cn nghin cu, nm vng nhng ti liu, s liu sau: - Bn v quy hoch mt bng ca d n xy dng; - Cc bn v, s liu v: + V tr cng trnh trn bn quy hoch khu vc;
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Nguyn c Mnh

+ Bn , bnh khu vc thi cng, v tr cc cng trnh c xy dng trong phm vi thi cng: h thng cc cng trnh ngm, cc cng trnh nm trong din gii phng mt bng, h thng cc cng trnh cn tn ti trong khu vc thi cng (nh h thng in, nc ca a phng); + iu kin v a cht, thy vn khu vc thi cng b tr cc kho vt liu, cc bn b i cho hp l. - Tng tin thi cng cng trnh. - Cng ngh thi cng v cc phng n thi cng cc hng mc ch yu. - K hoch cung ng, chu k d tr vt liu, bn thnh phm, phng thc cung ng v vn chuyn. - Cc loi hng mc cn xy dng tm. - Cc hng dn v thit k tng mt bng thi cng, cc tiu chun, quy chun thit k cc cng trnh tm trn cng trng, cc quy chun v v sinh mi trng, an ton phng chng chy n, cc quy nh, k hiu bn v d. Ni dung v trnh t thit k tng mt bng xy dng Sau khi nghin cu cc bn v, cc ti liu, cn phi t chc th st hin trng c nhng ci nhn c th hn ton b v tr cng trng trong bn chung ca khu vc lm c s cho thit k sau ny. Ni dung thit k tng mt bng, bao gm: - Xc nh v tr cng trnh vnh cu. - Thit k h thng giao thng phc v cng trng (ng cng v). - Thit k h thng bn, kho b i vt liu, cu kin. - Thit k c s cung cp nguyn vt liu xy dng. - Thit k cc xng sn xut ph tr. - Thit k nh tm trn cng trng. - Thit k mng li cp nc, thot nc. - Thit k mng li cp in. - Thit k h thng an ton, bo v mi trng. Trnh t thit k c chia lm hai giai on:

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Nguyn c Mnh

Giai on 1: Thit k tng mt bng xy dng chung, mang tnh quy hoch ton b mt bng cng trng s c xy dng phc v thi cng cng trnh. Cc bc thit k nh sau: + Bc 1: Trn bnh ton b cng trnh, trc ht v chu vi mt bng cc cng trnh c quy hoch xy dng v cc cng trnh c sn. Sau bc ny hnh thnh b mt cng trng dng ban u, vi nhng v tr v din tch khng th thay i v iu ny l c s cho vic thit k cc cng trnh tm sau ny. + Bc 2: B tr cc my mc, thit b xy dng nh trm trn b tng, v tr cn trc v nhng thit b ny c thit k trong bn v cng ngh xy dng. Ni chung c th ly v tr, kch thc ca cc thit b xy dng t cc bn v cng ngh trc . Tuy nhin khi a tt c cc thit b vo mt bng chung ca cng trng, cn xem xt li mi quan h gia chng pht hin nhng sai st, bt hp l ca vic la chn b tr thit b cng ngh, c th sa cha, b tr cho ph hp vi thc t cng trng. + Bc 3: Quy hoch mng li giao thng trn cng trng, bao gm c giao thng phc v trong cng trng v ngoi cng trng. + Bc 4: B tr kho b i. Vic xc nh v tr kho b i sau khi c thit k quy hoch ng hoc c th lm trc khi c thit k quy hoch ng, trn c s c th p dng bi ton ti u v tr t kho b i hay cc a im cung cp vt t. + Bc 5: B tr cc xng sn xut ph tr. Trn quan im ng vn chuyn n v tr sn xut, lp t l ti thiu ta s la chn v tr t cc xng sn xut v ph tr. Tuy nhin, vi iu kin mt bng cng trng khng b tr cc xng sn xut cn din tch ln th cng cn tnh n bi ton a cc xng sn xut ny ngoi phm vi cng trng. V d nh xng c dm, xng c cc cu kin lp ghp c th b tr ngoi cng trng. + Bc 6: Thit k nh tm. Nh lm vic c u tin thit k trc, b tr nhng v tr thun li, ph hp, thng l cc v tr gn cng ra vo cng trng tin lin h. Sau l n khu nh n, cho nhng ngi trc tip sn xut trn cng trng nh nh n tp th, nh cho cn b nhn vin, cho cng nhn + Bc 7: Thit k mng li cp thot nc cho cng trng.
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Mng li cp thot nc cho cng trng bao gm ngun cung cp nc, h thng ng ng cp nc, h thng cc b cha, h thng cng r nh, h ga thot nc + Bc 8: Thit k mng li cp in. Thit k mng li cp in kt hp vi mng li thng tin lin lc ton cng trng. + Bc 9: Thit k h thng an ton, bo v, v sinh mi trng. H thng bo v:tng ro, cng bo v, h thng n pha chiu sng H thng phng chng chy n: cc hng nc cu ha, cc trm c cc phng tin cu ha. An ton lao ng, bin bo cng trnh + Bc 10: Nhng cng trnh tm ngoi cng trng. Sau khi thit k xong tng mt bng cng trng, nhng cng trnh nh cc trm khai thc vt liu xy dng, vn phng iu hnh ngoi, h thng cc xng sn xut v ph tr s c thit k v th hin bn v ring. Quy hoch v tr s th hin trn bn khu vc t l nh th hin mi lin h vi cng trng nh ng giao thng, mng li cung cp in nc, vn chuyn cc sn phm n cng trng Khi cn thit chi tit s c th hin bn v ring vi y kch thc, cu to c th thi cng c. Giai on 2: Thit k chi tit tng mt bng xy dng. c th thi cng c cc cng trnh tm ngoi cng trng, cn phi thit k chi tit vi y cu to, kch thc v cc ghi ch cn thit. Sau khi tnh ton thit k cc hng mc ph tm cn i chiu li vi v tr v kch thc tng th ca cc hng mc tng ng c b tr trong giai on 1, xem xt s hp l v c th iu chnh li sao cho hp l nht. Trng hp khng tha m n c c th xem xt v thit k li tng mt bng xy dng. 5.2.4. Lp n gi d thu Trong h s d thu km theo bng gi d thu, bt buc phi c phn tch n gi chi tit cu thnh n gi d thu ca cc khi lng xy lp trong bn tin lng mi thu. Tin lng mi thu phi c hiu l ton b khi lng trong h s thit k c duyt. n gin ho tnh ton khi xt thu v thanh ton sau ny, trong biu khi lng mi thu ch biu trng bng khi lng thnh
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Nguyn c Mnh

phm, khi lng kt cu chnh. Cc khi lng chi tit khc gn lin vi tng kt cu sn phm chnh tuy khng nu trong biu tin lng nhng phi tnh ton y to nn sn phm hon chnh theo ng h s thit k c duyt, ng quy nh trong cc quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu hin hnh. Do vy, phi nghin cu k h s thit k v phi kho st k hin trng bc tch khi lng chnh xc. Tin hnh lp n gi cho tng hng mc, n gi chi tit ca mi hng mc cng vic gm c cc thnh phn chi ph sau: - Chi ph trc tip (T); - Chi ph chung (C); - Thu nhp chu thu tnh trc (TNCT); - Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT); - Chi ph khc phn b (K).

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Quy trnh tnh ton

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1. Chi ph trc tip (T): T = VL + NC + M +TT Trong : VL: Chi ph vt liu; NC: Chi ph nhn cng; M: Chi ph my thi cng; TT: Trc tip ph khc. a. Chi ph vt liu: Khi tnh ton chi ph vt liu, thng s dng bng bo gi vt liu n hin trng xy dng do a phng ban hnh. Tuy nhin, trng hp ngi lp d ton khng s dng bo gi, hoc c nhng vt liu khng c trong bo gi th cn xc nh n gi vt liu theo cc thng t, quy nh hin hnh. b. Chi ph nhn cng: n gi tin lng ngy cng trc tip xy dng ca cng nhn c xc nh theo cng thc: Lng cp bc + Ph cp lng, lng ph Lng ngy = S ngy lm vic trong thng (n) Trong Lng cp bc = Lng ti thiu H s bc lng Ph cp lng hin nay c 5 loi ph cp: - Ph cp khu vc: p dng i vi ngi lm vic vng xa xi, ho lnh v kh hu xu. Ph cp gm 7 mc: 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,7 v 1,0 so vi mc lng ti thiu chung. - Ph cp trch nhim cng vic: p dng i vi thnh vin khng chuyn trch Hi ng qun tr, thnh vin Ban kim sot (khng k Trng Ban kim sot) v nhng ngi lm mt s cng vic i hi trch nhim cao hoc phi m nhim cng tc qun l khng thuc chc danh l nh o. Ph cp gm 4 mc: 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 v 0,5 so vi mc lng ti thiu chung.
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Nguyn c Mnh

- Ph cp c hi, nguy him: p dng i vi ngi lm ngh hoc cng vic c iu kin lao ng c hi, nguy him, c bit c hi, nguy him m cha c xc nh trong mc lng. Ph cp gm 4 mc: 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 v 0,4 so vi mc lng ti thiu chung. - Ph cp lu ng: p dng i vi ngi lm ngh hoc cng vic thng xuyn thay i a im lm vic v ni . Ph cp gm 3 mc: 0,2; 0,4 v 0,6 so vi mc lng ti thiu chung. - Ph cp thu ht: p dng i vi ngi n lm vic vng kinh t mi, c s kinh t v o xa t lin c iu kin sinh hot c bit kh khn. Ph cp gm 4 mc: 20%; 30%; 50% v 70% mc lng cp bc, chc v hoc lng chuyn mn, nghip v. Thi gian hng t 3 n 5 nm. Ngoi ra cn c mt s khon lng ph tnh bng 12% lng c bn v mt s chi ph c th khon trc tip cho ngi lao ng tnh bng 4% lng c bn. Ta c cng thc tnh lng ngy nh sau: LTT [(fLTT + HCB (1+fLCB)] Lng ngy = n Trong : LTT: Lng ti thiu; HCB: H s bc lng; ly theo bng lng A.1.8 fLTT: H s ph cp lng so vi lng ti thiu; fLCB: H s ph cp lng so vi lng cp bc; n: S ngy lm vic trong thng; ly n = 26 ngy. c. Chi ph my thi cng: C th s dng bng bo gi ca my v thit b thi cng xy dng cng trnh ca a phng hoc tnh ton n gi ca my theo thng t hng dn s 07/2007/TT-BXD Ngy 25/7/2007. d. Trc tip ph khc:

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Nguyn c Mnh

L chi ph cho nhng cng tc cn thit phc v trc tip vic thi cng xy dng cng trnh nh di chuyn lc lng lao ng trong ni b cng trng, an ton lao ng, bo v mi trng cho ngi lao ng v mi trng xung quanh, chi ph bm nc, vt bn, th nghim vt liu,... khng xc nh c khi lng t thit k. Chi ph trc tip khc c tnh bng 1,5% trn tng chi ph vt liu, chi ph nhn cng, chi ph my thi cng: TT= 1,5% (VL+NC+M) 2. Chi ph chung (C): Bao gm chi ph qun l ca doanh nghip, chi ph iu hnh sn xut ti cng trng, chi ph phc v cng nhn, chi ph phc v thi cng ti cng trng v mt s chi ph khc. C = (T l %) (Chi ph trc tip) T l % ca chi ph chung i vi cng trnh giao thng l 5,3%. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng ti vng ni, bin gii, hi o th nh mc t l chi ph chung s c iu chnh vi h s t 1,05 n 1,1 do ch u t quyt nh tu iu kin c th ca cng trnh. 3. Thu nhp chu thu tnh trc ( TNCT): TNCT = (T l %) (T+C) T l % ca thu nhp chu thu tnh trc theo quy nh l 6%

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Bng nh mc chi ph chung, thu nhp chu thu tnh trc (Theo thng t 05/2007/TT-BXD Ngy 25/7/2007) n v tnh: %
Chi ph chung TT Loi cng trnh Trn chi ph Trn chi ph trc tip Cng trnh dn dng 1 Ring cng trnh tu b, phc hi di tch lch s, vn ho Cng trnh cng nghip 2 Ring cng trnh xy dng ng hm, hm l Cng trnh giao thng 3 Ring cng tc duy tu sa cha thng xuyn ng b, ng st, ng thu ni a, h thng bo hiu hng hi v ng thu ni a Cng trnh thu li 4 Ring o, p t cng trnh thu li bng th cng Cng trnh h tng k thut Cng tc lp t thit b cng ngh trong cc cng trnh xy dng, cng tc xy lp ng dy, cng tc th nghim hiu chnh in ng dy v trm bin p, cng tc th nghim vt liu, cu kin v kt cu xy dng 4,5 5,5 5,5 51,0 5,5 6,0 5,5 10,0 5,5 6,0 7,0 5,3 6,0 66,0 nhn cng Thu nhp chu thu tnh trc

65,0

6,0

4. Gi tr d ton trc thu (G): L gi tr d ton cha xt n thu gi tr gia tng trong n gi. G = T+C+TNCT

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5. Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT): VAT = 10% G 6. Gi tr d ton sau thu (GXD): Gi tr d ton sau thu bng tng tt c cc thnh phn trn, y l gi tr d ton ca hng mc cng trnh m cha k n cc thnh phn li nhun, cc yu t ri ro, trt gi GXD = G + VAT 7. Chi ph khc phn b (K): y chnh l thnh phn chi ph do nh thu t phn b trong cch t chc qun l thi cng v hot ng ca doanh nghip mnh. K = (T l %) GXD T l % ca chi ph khc phn b do cc nh thu t quy nh sao cho va m bo hiu qu kinh doanh va a ra c mt n gi hp l trng thu. Thng t l ny ly l 2%. 8. n gi d thu ca hng mc (GDT): GDT = GXD + K * Sau khi c c n gi d thu ca tng hng mc, nhn n gi vi khi lng mi thu ra thnh tin ca mi hng mc, tnh tng tt c cc hng mc li s c gi d thu ca ton b cng trnh.

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