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  • Quadratic Form: Q A X X

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    Sina Shrestha
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    A quadratic form is an expression of second degree involving variables. It can be written as a quadratic polynomial or as the sum of terms with degree two involving variables multiplied together. A quadratic form in n variables can be represented using a matrix, where the matrix coefficients represent the coefficients of the quadratic terms in the variables. Computing a quadratic form involves multiplying a vector of variables by the matrix and then multiplying the resulting vector by the transposed vector of variables.

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    A quadratic form is an expression of second degree involving variables. It can be written as a quadratic polynomial or as the sum of terms with degree two involving variables multiplied together. A quadratic form in n variables can be represented using a matrix, where the matrix coefficients represent the coefficients of the quadratic terms in the variables. Computing a quadratic form involves multiplying a vector of variables by the matrix and then multiplying the resulting vector by the transposed vector of variables.

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    6 views2 pages

    Quadratic Form: Q A X X

    Uploaded by

    Sina Shrestha
    A quadratic form is an expression of second degree involving variables. It can be written as a quadratic polynomial or as the sum of terms with degree two involving variables multiplied together. A quadratic form in n variables can be represented using a matrix, where the matrix coefficients represent the coefficients of the quadratic terms in the variables. Computing a quadratic form involves multiplying a vector of variables by the matrix and then multiplying the resulting vector by the transposed vector of variables.

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    of 2

    Quadratic form Quadratic means an expression of second degree. For example a quadratic polynomials a polynomial such as ax2+bx+c=0.

    An expression of the form ax2+2hxy+by2 ( here! a! b and h are real numbers" is called a quadratic form in t o #ariables x and y. $et %x&! x2 ! ...! xn' be n (non random" #ariables. A quadratic form Q is! by definition! an expression such as ( Q=
    ij

    aij xi xj

    here the aij (the coefficients of the form" are real numbers. )o a quadratic form is a second degree! homogenous (no constant term" polynomial in the xi.

    )tudying quadratic forms is made quite a bit easier by using matrix notation. * +he ordered set of #ariables %x&! x2 ! ...! xn' is considered as a #ector x x2 ! ...! xn ". )o e,ll rite ( x' = (x&! x2 ! ...! xn " ith - , - denoting transposition! opposed to -as a column-". hich simply means that the xi are ritten as a ro (as ith coordinates (x&!

    * A denotes the matrix hose general term is .aij/. * A quadratic form Q is then defined by the matrix equation (

    Q = x'Ax

    Example 1: $et A=

    and x=

    . 0etermine x+Ax.

    )olution( x+ is #ector x transposed. +hat is x+= (x!y". +hus! x+Ax=(x!y"

    =(12x+2y 2x+3y" =( =12x2+4xy+3y2 12x2+4xy+3y2 is an example of polynomial quadratic form.

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