HUNH B HC

KHI QUT CHUNG V VN BN

1.Khi nim vn bn, vn bn qun l nh nc, vn bn hnh chnh. 1.1. Khi nim vn bn. Theo ngha rng, vn bn c hiu l vt mang tin c ghi bng k hiu hay bng ngn ng, ngha l bt c phng tin no dng ghi nhn v truyn t thng tin t ch th ny n ch th khc. Theo ngha hp, vn bn c hiu l cc ti liu, giy t, h s c hnh thnh trong qu trnh hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc, cc t chc x hi, cc t chc kinh t. Theo ngha ny, cc loi giy t dng qun l v iu hnh cc hot ng ca c quan, t chc nh ch th, thng t, ngh quyt, quyt nh, n cng tc, bo co u c gi l vn bn. Ngy nay, khi nim c dng mt cch rng ri trong hot ng ca cc c quan, t chc. Khi nim vn bn dng trong ti liu ny cng c hiu theo ngha hp ni trn. a. Khi nim vn bn qun l Nh nc. Vn bn qun l Nh nc l nhng quyt nh qun l thnh vn do cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn hoc c nhn c nh nc y quyn theo chc nng ban hnh theo th thc v th tc do lut nh, mang tnh quyn lc nh nc, lm pht sinh cc h qu php l c th. Trong thc t, vn bn qun l Nh nc c s dng nh mt cng c ca nh nc php quyn khi th ch ha cc quy phm php lut thnh vn bn nhm qun l x hi. b. Khi nim vn bn hnh chnh. Khi nim hnh chnh theo ngha gc, l s qun l ca Nh nc, khng phi l s qun l thng thng ca bt k mt ch th no di vi bt k mt i tng v mt khch th no. Tuy nhin, theo cch hiu hin nay, khi nim ny dng ch s t chc, iu hnh kim tra, nm tnh hnh trong hot ng ca mt c quan, t chc, doanh nghip ni chung. Khi nim vn bn hnh chnh c s dng vi ngha l vn bn dng lm cng c qun l v iu hnh ca cc nh qun tr nhm thc hin nhim giao tip, truyn t mnh lnh, trao i thng tin di dng ngn ng vit, theo phong cch hnh chnh cng v. 1.2. Phn loi vn bn v bn sao vn bn. a. Phn loi vn bn. Vic phn loi vn bn c vai tr rt quan trng, gip cho ngi son tho vn bn la chn loi vn bn ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca mnh, v mi loi vn bn khc nhau thng c ni dung, hnh thc v chc nng khc nhau. Vn bn phn loi theo nhiu cch da vo nhiu tiu ch nh tnh cht ca vn bn , ch th ban hnh vn bn, chc nng ca vn bn, thuc tnh php l ca vn bn, hnh thc ca vn bn. Theo ngh nh s 110/2004/N-CP ngy 08 thng 4 nm 2004 ca Chnh ph, h thng vn bn c chia thnh cc loi: h thng vn bn quy phm php lut v h thng vn bn hnh chnh. H thng vn bn quy phm php lut: Vn bn quy phm php lut l loi vn bn th hin nhng quyt nh qun l Nh nc do cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn ban hnh theo mt hnh thc v trnh t do php lut quy nh, th hin ch nh nc, mang tnh bt buc chung, buc cc i tng c lin quan phi thi hnh v c nh nc m bo thc hin bng cc bin php cng ch. Vn bn quy phm php lut ngy 12 thng 11 nm 1996 v lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Lut ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2002. Vn bn quy phm php lut c quy nh c th nh sau: + L vn bn do c quan nh nc hoc c nhn c nh nc y quyn theo chc nng ban hnh theo ng hnh thc, th tc, trnh t c quy nh. + L vn bn quy nh nhng quy tc x s chung, c p dng nhiu ln, i vi mi i tng, c hiu lc trong phm vi ton quc hoc tng a phng. Quy tc x s chung l nhng chun mc m mi c quan, t chc c nhn khi tham gia quan h x hi c quy tc iu chnh. + L vn bn c nh nc m bo thi hnh bng cc bin php tuyn truyn, gio dc, thuyt phc cc bin php v t chc, hnh chnh, kinh t; trong trng hp cn thit th nh nc p dng bin php cng ch bt buc thi hnh v quy nh ch ti i vi ngi c hnh vi vi phm. Theo thng t lin tch s 55/2005/TTLT-BNV-VPCP ngy 06 thng 5 nm 2005 ca B Ni V v Vn phng Chnh ph (hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh s 110/2004/N-CP ngy 08/4/2004 ca Chnh ph), vn bn quy phm php lut gm cc loi sau y: 1. Lut (Lt): L vn bn c ban hnh c th ha Hin php nhm mc ch iu chnh cc quan h x hi trong cc lnh vc i ni, i ngoi, nhim v kinh t x hi, an ninh quc phng ca t nc; quy nh nhng nguyn tc ch yu v t chc v hot ng ca b my Nh nc, v quan h x hi v hot ng ca 1

HUNH B HC cng dn. Lut tnh c nh, khng th sa i, b sung m c th thay th bng vn bn lut mi. lut c Quc hi thng qua v Ch tch nc k lnh cng b. 2. Php lnh (PL): l vn bn c gi tr php l nh lut, c th ha nhng nguyn tc c quy nh trong Hin php, quy nh nhng vn c Quc hi giao, sau mt thi gian thc hin trnh Quc hi xem xt quyt nh ban hnh thnh lut. Php lnh c th sa i, b sung trong qu trnh thc hin, do y ban Thng v Quc hi thng qua v Ch tch nc k lnh cng b. 3. Lnh (L): L vn bn dng cng b Hin php, lut, php lnh; tng ng vin cc b; cng b tnh trng khn cp trong c nc hoc tng a phng; cng b lnh c x hoc n x; phong cp hm ngoi giao hoc qun s cao cp. Lnh do Ch tch nc ban hnh. 4. Ngh quyt (NQ): L vn bn dng quyt nh ch trng, chnh sch ca Chnh ph, thng qua cc d n, k hoch v ngn sch nh nc, ph duyt v iu c quc t thuc thm quyn ca Chnh ph; c th ha cc chng trnh hot ng ca Quc hi, Hi ng Nhn dn v y ban Nhn dn; thng qua kin kt lun ti cc k hp ca cc c quan qun l Nh nc.Ngh quyt l c s t chc hot ng v ban hnh cc vn bn v qun l nh nc nh hin php, lut, php lnh. Ngh quyt do Quc hi, Chnh ph, Hi ng Nhn cc cp ban hnh. 5. Ngh quyt lin tch (NQLT): L ngh quyt do cc c quan Nh nc c thm quyn kt hp ban hnh, thng nht kin trong qu trnh tham gia qun l Nh nc. Thm quyn ban hnh ca cc vn bn lin tch gm c Th trng cc B, c quan ngang B, cc t chc chnh tr - x hi cp Trung ng c thm quyn tham gia qun l nh nc theo lut nh. 6.Ngh nh (N): L vn bn quy nh chi tit thi hnh lut, ngh quyt ca Quc hi; php lnh, ngh quyt ca y ban Thng v Quc hi; lnh, quyt nh ca Ch tch nc; quy nh nhim v, quyn hn, t chc b my ca c quan nh nc cp trung ng; quy nh nhng vn cp thit nhng cha c xy dng thnh lut hoc php lnh. Ngh nh do Chnh ph ban hnh. 7.Quyt nh (Q): L vn bn dng quy nh hay nh ra ch chnh sch trong phm vi ca c quan c thm quyn ( Chnh ph, B, UBND tnh, thnh ph, qun huyn); iu chnh nhng cng vic v t chc nhn s thuc thm quyn ca Ch tch nc, Th tng Chnh ph,B trng hoc Th trng c quan ngang B, UBND cc cp ban hnh. 8. Ch th (CT): L vn bn dng truyn t ch trng, quy nh cc bin php ch o, n c, phi hp v kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn do c quan c thm quyn ph trch. Ch th do Th tng, B trng, UBND cc cp ban hnh. 9. Thng t (TT): l vn bn dng hng dn thc hin, gii thch v ra bin php thi hnh cc quy nh ca nhng vn bn quy phm php lut c gi tr php l cao hn nh lut, php lnh, ngh quyt, ngh nh, quyt nh v ch th ca Th tng Chnh ph. Thng t do B trng hoc Th trng cc c quan ngang B ban hnh. 10. Thng t lin tch (TTLT): L thng t do cc c quan nh nc c thm quyn (B, c quan ngang B, cc t chc chnh tr x hi cp trung ng c tham gia qun l Nh nc theo lut nh) cng phi hp ban hnh hng dn thi hnh cc vn bn quy phm php lut ca c quan nh nc cp trn c lin quan n chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn ca cc c quan . H thng vn bn hnh chnh: Cc vn bn hnh chnh thng thng l nhng vn bn mang tnh thng tin quy phm nhm thc thi cc vn bn quy phm php lut, hoc dng thc hin cc tc nghip hnh chnh trong hot ng ca cc c quan qun l hnh chnh nh nc, cc t chc khc. y l hnh thc vn bn c s dng ph bin trong cc c quan, t chc. Trong h thng vn bn hnh chnh, ngoi tr ch th ( c bit) v thng co quy nh r ch th ban hnh, cc vn bn hnh chnh khc khng xc nh thm quyn ban hnh theo tn loi ca vn bn. Cc c quan, t chc, n v, c nhn ty theo thm quyn gii quyt cng vic c th ban hnh loi vn bn ph hp. H thng vn bn hnh chnh bao gm cc loi vn bn c bit, vn bn hnh chnh thng thng c tn loi, vn bn hnh chnh thng thng khng c tn loi. Vn bn c bit: 1. Quyt nh ( c bit) (Q): L loi vn bn dng quy nh cc vn v ch , chnh sch, t chc b my, nhn s v gii quyt nhng vn khc di hnh thc p dng cc vn bn quy phm php lut. Vic p dng ny ch c thc hin mt ln cho mt c nhn, mt s vic hay mt vn c th. Do c im ni trn, ch th ban hnh quyt nh l Th trng cc c quan qun l Nh nc (Th tng, B trng hoc th Trng c quan ngang B, UBND cc cp), Th trng cc c quan hnh chnh s nghip, Th trng cc doanh nghip nh nc v doanh nghip dn doanh. 2

HUNH B HC 2. Ch th ( c bit) (CT): L loi vn bn dng gii quyt nhng cng vic mang tnh cht c bit ca cc c quan qun l Nh nc. Ch th (c bit) do Th tng, B trng v Th trng c quan ngang B ban hnh. Vn bn hnh chnh thng thng c tn loi: 3. Thng co (TC): L vn bn do cc c quan qun l Nh nc trung ng dng cng b vi Nhn dn mt quyt nh hoc mt s kin quan trng v i ni, i ngoi ca quc gia. Thng co do Quc hi, y ban Thng v Quc hi, Chnh ph, Ban chp hnh trung ng ng cng sn Vit nam ban hnh. 4. Thng bo(TB): L loi vn bn dng thng tin cc vn trong hot ng ca cc c quan,n v, t chc, c nhn cc i tng c lin quan bit hoc thc thi. 5. chng trnh(CTr): L loi vn bn dng sp xp ni dung cng tc, lch lm vic c th theo mt trnh t nht nh v trong mt thi gian nht nh. 6. K hoch (KH): L loi vn bn c dng xc nh mc tiu, yu cu, ch tiu ca nhim v cn hon thnh trong mt thi gian nht nh v cc bin php v t chc, nhn s, c s vt cht cn thit thc hin nhim v . 7. Phng n (PA): L loi vn bn nu d kin v cch thc, trnh t tin hnh cng vic trong hon cnh, iu kin nht nh. 8. n (A): n l vn bn dng trnh by d nh, mc tiu, k hoch thc hin cng tc trong mt khong thi gian nht nh da trn c s nhng c im, tnh hnh thc tin ca c quan, n v. 9. Bo co (BC): L loi vn bn dng ph bin tnh hnh, s vic, v vic, hot ng ca cc c quan, t chc,n v, c nhn trong mt khong thi gian c th nhm kin ngh cc gii php hoc ngh cp trn cho phng hng x l. 10. Bin bn(BB): L loi vn bn dng ghi li s vic, v vic hoc ang xy ra lm chng c php l. Bin bn c s dng trong cc hot ng ca c quan, doanh nghip hoc trong hot ng gia c quan nh nc vi cng dn. 11.T trnh (TTr): L loi vn bn dng xut vi cp trn ph chun hay xt duyt mt vn mi hoc c trong k hoch m cp di khng th t quyt nh c. 12. Hp ng (H): L vn bn dng ghi li s tha thun gia hai hay nhiu bn bng vn bn, trong cc bn k vi nhau lp mt quan h php l v quyn li v nghi v. 13. Cng in (C): L loi vn bn c trng dng truyn t nhanh mt mnh lnh, mt ni dung cng vic n c quan, n v, t chc thc hin trong trng hp khn cp. 14. Giy chng nhn (CN): L vn bn dng xc nhn mt s vic, mt i tng c lin quan n hot ng ca c quan, doanh nghip. 15. Giy u nhim (UN): L loi vn bn dng ghi nhn s tha thun gia ngi c quyn (hoc ngi i din theo php lut) v ngi c y nhim. Theo , ngi c y nhim thc hin quyn hoc ngha v thay cho ngi c quyn ( hoc ngi i din theo php lut). 16. Giy mi (GM): L loi vn bn dnh cho c quan nh nc s dng khi cn triu tp cng dn n tr s c quan gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n yu cu hoc khiu ni ca cng dn (giy mi ca c quan hnh chnh). 17. Giy gii thiu (GT): L loi vn bn dng cp cho cn b, nhn vin lin h giao dch, gii quyt cc nhim v c giao khi i cng tc. 18. Giy ngh php (NP): L loi vn bn dng cp cho cn b, nhn vin c ngh php tho Lut lao ng gii quyt cc cng vic ca c nhn. 19. Giy i ng ( ): L loi vn bn dng cp cho cn b, nhn vin i cng tc tnh ph cp i ng, khng c gi tr thay cho giy gii thiu. 20. Giy bin nhn h s (BN): L loi vn bn dng xc nhn s lng v loi h s, giy t do c quan hoc c nhn khc gi n. 21. Phiu gi (PG): L loi vn bn dng gi ti liu ca c quan, t chc n v, c nhn ny n c quan, t chc n v, c nhn khc. Phiu gi khng thay th cho cng vn. 22. Phiu chuyn (PC): L loi vn bn dng chuyn h s, ti liu ca c quan, t chc, n v, c nhn n b phn khc tip tc gii quyt hoc do ch th chuyn khng c thm quyn gii quyt. Vn bn hnh chnh thng thng khng c tn loi: 23. Cng vn (hnh chnh) L loi vn bn dng lm phng tin giao dch hnh chnh gia cc c quan, t chc hoc gia c quan, t chc vi cng dn. Phm vi s dng ca cng vn rt rng, lin quan n cc lnh vc hot ng thng xuyn ca c quan, t chc. b. Phn loi bn sao vn bn. Bn sao vn bn c quy nh gm cc loi sau y: 3

HUNH B HC 1. Bn sao y bn chnh: L bn sao y , chnh xc ni dung ca vn bn v c trnh by theo th thc ng quy nh. Bn sao y bn chnh phi c thc hin t bn chnh. 2. Bn trch sao: L bn sao mt phn ni dung ca vn bn v c trnh by theo th thc quy nh. Bn trch sao phi c thc hin t bn chnh. 3. Bn sao lc: L bn sao y , chnh xc ni dung ca vn bn, c thc hin t bn sao y bn chnh v trnh by theo th thc quy nh. S H THNG VBQLNN CTN: L, Q

CQLP

CQHP

CQTP

QH HP,Lt, NQ

CQHP-QLC

CQHP-QLCM

TANDTC HTPTANDTC NQ

VKSNDTC

UBTVQH PL, NQ

CP: NQ, N CC B: Q, CT, TT, TTLT CA. TANDTC Q, CT, TT VT VKSNDTC C, CT, TT

HNN CC CP NQ

TTg: Q, CT

UBND CC CP Q, CT